Breast Cancer Survivorship and Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Approaches in Cardio-Oncology (original) (raw)

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. American Cancer Society, A.C. Cancer treatment and survivorship facts & figures 2012–2013. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2012.
    Google Scholar
  2. Plana JC, Galderisi M, Barac A, et al. Expert consensus for multimodality imaging evaluation of adult patients during and after cancer therapy: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;15:1063–93.
    Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
  3. Trudeau M, Charbonneau F, Gelmon K, et al. Selection of adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of node-positive breast cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:886–98.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  4. Bowles EJ, Wellman R, Feigelson HS, et al. Risk of heart failure in breast cancer patients after anthracycline and trastuzumab treatment: a retrospective cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104:1293–305.
    Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  5. Cardinale D, Sandri MT, Martinoni A, et al. Left ventricular dysfunction predicted by early troponin I release after high-dose chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:517–22.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  6. Cardinale D, Colombo A, Sandri MT, et al. Prevention of high-dose chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in high-risk patients by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Circulation. 2006;114:2474–81.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  7. Kalyanaraman B, Joseph J, Kalivendi S, Wang S, Konorev E, Kotamraju S. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis: implications in cardiotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002;234–235:119–24.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  8. Tan C, Tasaka H, Yu KP, Murphy ML, Karnofsky DA. Daunomycin, an antitumor antibiotic, in the treatment of neoplastic disease. Clinical evaluation with special reference to childhood leukemia. Cancer. 1967;20:333–53.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  9. Alexander J, Dainiak N, Berger HJ, et al. Serial assessment of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity with quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:278–83.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  10. Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR. Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1435–41.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  11. Bai P, Mabley JG, Liaudet L, Virag L, Szabo C, Pacher P. Matrix metalloproteinase activation is an early event in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Oncol Rep. 2004;11:505–8.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  12. Cardinale D, Colombo A, Bacchiani G, et al. Early detection of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and improvement with heart failure therapy. Circulation. 2015;131:1981–8. This is a recent cohort study showing 9 % rate of cardiotoxicity defined as drop in LVEF with evidence of significant recovery of LVEF after start of appropriate heart failure therapy.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  13. Wojtacki J, Lewicka-Nowak E, Lesniewski-Kmak K. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: clinical course, risk factors, pathogenesis, detection and prevention—review of the literature. Med Sci Monit. 2000;6:411–20.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  14. Olson RD, Mushlin PS. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: analysis of prevailing hypotheses. FASEB J. 1990;4:3076–86.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  15. Wallace KB, Eells JT, Madeira VM, Cortopassi G, Jones DP. Mitochondria-mediated cell injury. Symposium overview. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997;38:23–37.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  16. Weinstein DM, Mihm MJ, Bauer JA. Cardiac peroxynitrite formation and left ventricular dysfunction following doxorubicin treatment in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000;294:396–401.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  17. Zhang S, Liu X, Bawa-Khalfe T, et al. Identification of the molecular basis of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Nat Med. 2012;18:1639–42.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  18. Friedman MA, Bozdech MJ, Billingham ME, Rider AK. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Serial endomyocardial biopsies and systolic time intervals. JAMA. 1978;240:1603–6.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  19. Huang C, Zhang X, Ramil JM, et al. Juvenile exposure to anthracyclines impairs cardiac progenitor cell function and vascularization resulting in greater susceptibility to stress-induced myocardial injury in adult mice. Circulation. 2010;121:675–83.
    Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  20. Ewer MS, Lippman SM. Type II chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction: time to recognize a new entity. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2900–2.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  21. Felker GM, Thompson RE, Hare JM, et al. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1077–84.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  22. Shakir DK, Rasul KI. Chemotherapy induced cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis, monitoring and management. J Clin Med Res. 2009;1:8–12.
    PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  23. Lal H, Kolaja KL, Force T. Cancer genetics and the cardiotoxicity of the therapeutics. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:267–74.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  24. Tan-Chiu E, Yothers G, Romond E, et al. Assessment of cardiac dysfunction in a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel, with or without trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer: NSABP B-31. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:7811–9.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  25. Darby SC, Ewertz M, McGale P, et al. Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:987–98. This is a large population-based case-control study showing dose-dependent risk of ischemic heart disease in women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer with a potentially significant lag effect.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  26. Harris EE, Correa C, Hwang WT, et al. Late cardiac mortality and morbidity in early-stage breast cancer patients after breast-conservation treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4100–6.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  27. Prosnitz RG, Hubbs JL, Evans ES, et al. Prospective assessment of radiotherapy-associated cardiac toxicity in breast cancer patients: analysis of data 3 to 6 years after treatment. Cancer. 2007;110:1840–50.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  28. Nilsson G, Holmberg L, Garmo H, et al. Distribution of coronary artery stenosis after radiation for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:380–6.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  29. Chung E, Corbett JR, Moran JM, et al. Is there a dose-response relationship for heart disease with low-dose radiation therapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;85:959–64.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  30. Patnaik JL, Byers T, DiGuiseppi C, Dabelea D, Denberg TD. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13:R64.
    Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
  31. Curigliano G, Cardinale D, Suter T, et al. Cardiovascular toxicity induced by chemotherapy, targeted agents and radiotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2012;23 Suppl 7:vii155–66. The paper presents the most up-to-date practice guidelines from large practice organization.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  32. Piper SE, McDonagh TA. Chemotherapy-related cardiomyopathy. Eur Cardiol Rev. 2015;10:19–24.
    Google Scholar
  33. Eschenhagen T, Force T, Ewer MS, et al. Cardiovascular side effects of cancer therapies: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:1–10.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  34. Steingart RM, Bakris GL, Chen HX, et al. Management of cardiac toxicity in patients receiving vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway inhibitors. Am Heart J. 2012;163:156–63.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  35. Ky B, Putt M, Sawaya H, et al. Early increases in multiple biomarkers predict subsequent cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer treated with doxorubicin, taxanes, and trastuzumab. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:809–16. This is a cohort study of patients receiving anthracycline, trastuzumab and taxane therapy showing early rise in biomarkers, most notably troponin I and myeloperoxidase, predicted increased risk of cardiotoxicity. It suggests an expanded role for biomarkers in risk stratification.
    Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  36. Ezaz G, Long JB, Gross CP, Chen J. Risk prediction model for heart failure and cardiomyopathy after adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for breast cancer. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000472.
    Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
  37. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1440–63.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  38. Moja L, Tagliabue L, Balduzzi S, et al. Trastuzumab containing regimens for early breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;4:CD006243.
    PubMed Google Scholar
  39. Seidman A, Hudis C, Pierri MK, et al. Cardiac dysfunction in the trastuzumab clinical trials experience. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1215–21.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  40. Ewer MS, Ali MK, Mackay B, et al. A comparison of cardiac biopsy grades and ejection fraction estimations in patients receiving Adriamycin. J Clin Oncol. 1984;2:112–7.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  41. Lenzhofer R, Dudczak R, Gumhold G, Graninger W, Moser K, Spitzy KH. Noninvasive methods for the early detection of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1983;106:136–42.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  42. Ramos A, Meyer RA, Korfhagen J, Wong KY, Kaplan S. Echocardiographic evaluation of adriamycin cardiotoxicity in children. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976;60:1281–4.
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  43. Yingchoncharoen T, Agarwal S, Popovic ZB, Marwick TH. Normal ranges of left ventricular strain: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26:185–91.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  44. Goykhman P, Mehta PK, Minissian M, et al. Subendocardial ischemia and myocarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:448–50.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  45. Rock CL, Flatt SW, Newman V, et al. Factors associated with weight gain in women after diagnosis of breast cancer. Women’s Healthy Eating and Living Study Group. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1212–21.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  46. Koelwyn GJ, Khouri M, Mackey JR, Douglas PS, Jones LW. Running on empty: cardiovascular reserve capacity and late effects of therapy in cancer survivorship. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:4458–61.
    Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
  47. Irwin ML, Crumley D, McTiernan A, et al. Physical activity levels before and after a diagnosis of breast carcinoma: the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) study. Cancer. 2003;97:1746–57.
    Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
  48. Gulati M, Pandey DK, Arnsdorf MF, et al. Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St James Women Take Heart Project. Circulation. 2003;108:1554–9.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  49. Giallauria F, Vitelli A, Maresca L, et al. Exercise training improves cardiopulmonary and endothelial function in women with breast cancer: findings from the DIANA-5 dietary intervention study. Intern Emerg Med 2015.
  50. Giallauria F, Maresca L, Vitelli A, et al. Exercise training improves heart rate recovery in women with breast cancer. Springerplus. 2015;4:388.
    Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
  51. Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Snyder C, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O. Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for people with cancer during active treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;8:CD008465.
    PubMed Google Scholar
  52. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116:1081–93.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  53. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:e147–239.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  54. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2005;112:e154–235.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  55. Pituskin E, Haykowsky M, Mackey JR, et al. Rationale and design of the Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research Trial (MANTICORE 101—Breast): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy can prevent trastuzumab-mediated left ventricular remodeling among patients with HER2+ early breast cancer using cardiac MRI. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:318.
    Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
  56. Heck SL, Gulati G, Ree AH, et al. Rationale and design of the prevention of cardiac dysfunction during an Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy (PRADA) Trial. Cardiology. 2012;123:240–7.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  57. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14:803–69.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  58. Eggers KM, Johnston N, James S, Lindahl B, Venge P. Cardiac troponin I levels in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome—the importance of gender. Am Heart J. 2014;168:317.e1–24.e1.
    Article Google Scholar
  59. Mueller C, Kavsak PA. Sex-specific cutoffs for cardiac troponin using high-sensitivity assays—is there clinical equipoise? Clin Biochem. 2015;48:749–50.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  60. Sbarouni E, Georgiadou P, Voudris V. Gender-specific differences in biomarkers responses to acute coronary syndromes and revascularization procedures. Biomarkers. 2011;16:457–65.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  61. Dulin B, Abraham WT. Pharmacology of carvedilol. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:3B–6B.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  62. Cheng J, Kamiya K, Kodama I. Carvedilol: molecular and cellular basis for its multifaceted therapeutic potential. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2001;19:152–71.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  63. Spallarossa P, Garibaldi S, Altieri P, et al. Carvedilol prevents doxorubicin-induced free radical release and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in vitro. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004;37:837–46.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  64. Santos DL, Moreno AJ, Leino RL, Froberg MK, Wallace KB. Carvedilol protects against doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002;185:218–27.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  65. Matsui H, Morishima I, Numaguchi Y, Toki Y, Okumura K, Hayakawa T. Protective effects of carvedilol against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Life Sci. 1999;65:1265–74.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  66. Kalay N, Basar E, Ozdogru I, et al. Protective effects of carvedilol against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:2258–62.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  67. Kaya MG, Ozkan M, Gunebakmaz O, et al. Protective effects of nebivolol against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: a randomized control study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167:2306–10.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  68. Akpek M, Ozdogru I, Sahin O, et al. Protective effects of spironolactone against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17:81–9.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  69. Goff Jr DC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–73.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  70. Chotenimitkhun R, D’Agostino Jr R, Lawrence JA, et al. Chronic statin administration may attenuate early anthracycline-associated declines in left ventricular ejection function. Can J Cardiol. 2015;31:302–7.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  71. Acar Z, Kale A, Turgut M, et al. Efficiency of atorvastatin in the protection of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:988–9.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  72. Zhong S, Zhang X, Chen L, Ma T, Tang J, Zhao J. Statin use and mortality in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Treat Rev. 2015;41:554–67.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  73. Ma J, Wang Y, Zheng D, Wei M, Xu H, Peng T. Rac1 signalling mediates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through both reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent pathways. Cardiovasc Res. 2013;97:77–87.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  74. Huelsenbeck J, Henninger C, Schad A, Lackner KJ, Kaina B, Fritz G. Inhibition of Rac1 signaling by lovastatin protects against anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity. Cell Death Dis. 2011;2:e190.
    Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  75. Yoshida M, Shiojima I, Ikeda H, Komuro I. Chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is mediated by oxidative DNA damage-ATM-p53-apoptosis pathway and attenuated by pitavastatin through the inhibition of Rac1 activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009;47:698–705.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  76. Seicean S, Seicean A, Plana JC, Budd GT, Marwick TH. Effect of statin therapy on the risk for incident heart failure in patients with breast cancer receiving anthracycline chemotherapy: an observational clinical cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2384–90. This is a retrospective case-control study showing potential protective effect of continuous statin use through anthracycline therapy.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Download references