Integrating Scales of Seagrass Monitoring to Meet Conservation Needs (original) (raw)
References
(ASMFC) Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. 1997. Submerged aquatic vegetation policy. ASMFC Habitat Managers Series No. 3, Washington, DC.
Avery, W. 2000. Monitoring submerged aquatic vegetation in Hillsborough Bay, Florida. In Seagrasses: Monitoring, ecology, physiology, and management, ed. S.A. Bortone, 137–145. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Borum, J. 1996. Shallow waters and land/sea boundaries. In Eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems, ed. B.B. Jorgensen and K. Richardson, 179–203. Washington: American Geophysical Union Coastal and Estuarine Studies. Chapter Google Scholar
Borum, J., C. M. Duarte, D. Krause-Jensen, and T. M Greve, eds. 2004. European seagrasses: An introduction to monitoring and management. EU Project Monitoring and Managing of European Seagrasses (M&MS) EVK3-CT-2000-00044. http://www.seagrasses.org/handbook/european_seagrasses_high.pdf. Accessed 6 January 2009.
Bricker, O.P., and M.A. Ruggiero. 1998. Toward a national program for monitoring environmental resources. Ecological Applications 8: 326–329. Article Google Scholar
Brooks, R.P., D.H. Wardrop, and J.A. Bishop. 2004. Assessing wetland condition on a watershed basis in the Mid-Atlantic region using synoptic land-cover maps. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 94: 9–22. Article Google Scholar
Carmichael, R.H., B. Annett, and I. Valiela. 2004. Nitrogen loading to Pleasant Bay, Cape Cod: Application of models and stable isotopes to detect incipient nutrient enrichment of estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48: 137–143. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Cloern, J.E. 2001. Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Marine Ecology Progress Series 210: 223–253. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Corbett, C.A., P.H. Doering, K.A. Madley, J.A. Ott, and D.A. Tomasko. 2005. Using seagrass coverage as an indicator of ecosystem condition. In Estuarine indicators, ed. S.A. Bortone, 229–245. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Cressie, N.A.C. 1993. Statistics for spatial data, revised edition. New York: Wiley. Google Scholar
CRMSW (Coastal Research and Monitoring Strategy Workgroup). 2000. Clean water action plan: Coastal research and monitoring strategy. Washington, DC: Coastal Research and Monitoring Strategy Workgroup. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS17885. Accessed 8 September 2010.
Dale, V.H., and S.C. Beyeler. 2001. Challenges in the development and use of ecological indicators. Ecological Indicators 1: 3–10. Article Google Scholar
Davis, J. 2002. Statistics and data analysis in geology, 3rd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. Google Scholar
Deis, D.R. 2000. Monitoring the effects of construction and operation of a marina of the seagrass Halophila decipiens in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. In Seagrasses: Monitoring, ecology, physiology, and management, ed. S.A. Bortone, 147–155. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Dennison, W.C., and R.S. Alberte. 1982. Photosynthetic responses of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) to in situ manipulations of light intensity. Oecologia 55: 137–144. Article Google Scholar
Dennison, W.C., G.J. Marshall, and C. Wigand. 1989. Effect of “brown tide” shading on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) distributions. In Novel phytoplankton blooms: Causes and impacts of recurrent brown tides and other unusual blooms, ed. E.M. Cosper, V.M. Bricelj, and E.J. Carpenter, 675–692. New York: Springer. Google Scholar
Dennison, W.C., R.J. Orth, K.A. Moore, J.C. Stevenson, V. Carter, S. Kollar, P.W. Bergstrom, and R.A. Batuik. 1993. Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation. Bioscience 43: 86–94. Article Google Scholar
Dowty, P., B. Reeves, H. Berry, S. Wyllie-Echeverria, T. Mumford, A. Sewall, P. Milos, and R. Wright. 2005. Puget Sound Submerged Vegetation Monitoring Project 2003–2004 Monitoring Report. Olympia: Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Nearshore Habitat Program. Google Scholar
Duarte, C.M. 1995. Submerged aquatic vegetation in relation to different nutrient regimes. Ophelia 41: 87–112. Google Scholar
Duarte, C.M. 2002. The future of seagrass meadows. Environmental Conservation 29: 192–206. Article Google Scholar
Duarte, C.M., and H. Kirkman. 2001. Methods for the measurement of seagrass abundance and depth distribution. In Global seagrass research methods, ed. F.T. Short and R.G. Coles, 141–153. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V. Chapter Google Scholar
Duarte, C. M., E. Alvarez, A. Grau, and D. Krause-Jensen. 2004. Which monitoring strategy should be chosen? In European seagrasses: An introduction to monitoring and management, eds. J. Borum, C. M. Duarte, D. Krause-Jensen, and T. M Greve, 41–44. EU Project Monitoring and Managing of European Seagrasses (M&MS) EVK3-CT-2000-00044. http://www.seagrasses.org/handbook/european_seagrasses_high.pdf. Accessed 6 January 2009.
Duarte, C.M., J.W. Fourqurean, D. Krause-Jensen, and B. Olesen. 2006. Dynamics of seagrass stability and change. In Seagrasses: Biology, ecology and conservation, ed. A.W.D. Larkum, R.J. Orth, and C.M. Duarte, 271–294. Dordrecht: Springer. Chapter Google Scholar
Durako, M.J. 1994. Indicators of seagrass ecological condition: An assessment based on spatial and temporal changes. In Changes in fluxes in estuaries, ed. K.R. Dyer and R.J. Orth, 261–266. Fredensborg: Olsen and Olsen. Google Scholar
Durako, M.J., M.O. Hall, and M. Merello. 2002. Patterns of change in the seagrass dominated Florida Bay hydroscape. In The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: An ecosystem sourcebook, ed. J.W. Porter and K.G. Porter, 523–537. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Elzinga, C.L., D.W. Salzer, J.W. Willoughby, and J.P. Gibbs. 2001. Monitoring plant and animal populations. Malden: Blackwell Science. Google Scholar
Evans, N.T., and F.T. Short. 2005. Functional trajectory models for assessment of transplanted eelgrass, Zostera marina L., in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire. Estuaries 28: 936–947. Article Google Scholar
Fancy, S.G., J.E. Gross, and S.L. Carter. 2009. Monitoring the condition of natural resources in US national parks. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1521: 161–174. Article Google Scholar
Fennessy, M.S., A.D. Jacobs, and M.E. Kentula. 2007. An evaluation of rapid methods for assessing the ecological condition of wetlands. Wetlands 27: 543–560. Article Google Scholar
Finkbeiner, M., B. Stevenson, and R. Seaman. 2001. Guidance for benthic habitat mapping: An aerial photographic approach. Charleston, South Carolina: US NOAA Coastal Services Center, NOAA/CSC/20117-PUB.
Fletcher, R.S., W. Pulich Jr., and B. Hardegree. 2009. A semiautomated approach for monitoring landscape changes in Texas seagrass beds from aerial photography. Journal of Coastal Research 25: 500–506. Article Google Scholar
Foden, J. 2007. Assessment metrics for littoral seagrass under the European Water Framework Directive; outcomes of UK intercalibration with the Netherlands. Hydrobiologia 579: 187–197. Article Google Scholar
Fourqurean, J.W., A. Willsie, C.D. Rose, and L.M. Rutten. 2001. Spatial and temporal pattern in seagrass community composition and productivity in south Florida. Marine Biology 138: 341–354. Article Google Scholar
Fourqurean, J.W., M.J. Durako, M.O. Hall, and L.N. Hefty. 2002. Seagrass distribution in South Florida: A multi-agency coordinated monitoring program. In The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: An ecosystem sourcebook, ed. J.W. Porter and K.G. Porter, 497–522. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Fourqurean, J.W., J.N. Boyer, M.J. Durako, L.N. Hefty, and B.J. Peterson. 2003. Forecasting responses of seagrass distributions to changing water quality using monitoring data. Ecological Applications 13: 474–489. Article Google Scholar
Gobler, C. J. 2008. Brown tide affects Long Island’s marine ecosystem. In I Fish NY, Fall 2008 ed. Stony Brook, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
Gobler, C.J., D.J. Lonsdale, and G.L. Boyer. 2005. A review of the causes, effects, and potential management of harmful brown tide blooms caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens (Hargraves et Sieburth). Estuaries 28: 726–749. Article Google Scholar
Green, R.H. 1993. Application of repeated measures designs in environmental impact and monitoring studies. Australian Journal of Ecology 18: 81–98. Article Google Scholar
Griffith, J.A. 1998. Connecting ecological monitoring and ecological indicators: A review of the literature. Journal of Environmental Systems 26: 325–363. Article Google Scholar
Hall, M. O., K. Madley, M. J. Durako, J. C. Zieman, and M. B. Robblee. 2007. Florida Bay. In Seagrass status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1940–2002, eds. L. Handley, D. Altsman, and R. DeMay, 243–254. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5287 and US Environmental Protection Agency 855-R-04-003.
Handley, L., D. Altsman, and R. DeMay, eds. 2007. Seagrass status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1940–2002. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5287 and US Environmental Protection Agency 855-R-04-003.
Hauxwell, J., J. Cebrián, and I. Valiela. 2003. Eelgrass Zostera marina loss in temperate estuaries: Relationship to land-derived nitrogen loads and effect of light limitation imposed by algae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 247: 59–73. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Heidelbaugh, W.S., and W.G. Nelson. 1996. A power analysis of methods for assessment of change in seagrass cover. Aquatic Botany 53: 227–233. Article Google Scholar
Hemminga, M.A., and C.M. Duarte. 2000. Seagrass ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Book Google Scholar
Hinga, K. R. 2005. Water quality and ecology of Great South Bay (Fire Island National Seashore Science Synthesis Paper). National Park Service Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR-2005/019, Boston, Massachusetts.
Howes, B., S.W. Kelley, J.S. Ramsey, R. Samimy, D. Schlezinger, and E. Eichner. 2006. Linked watershed-embayment model to determine critical nitrogen loading thresholds for Pleasant Bay, Chatham, Massachusetts. Boston Massachusetts: Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Massachusetts Estuaries Project. Google Scholar
Jackson, J.B., and D.J. Nemeth. 2007. A new method to describe seagrass habitat sampled during fisheries-independent monitoring. Estuaries and Coasts 30: 171–178. Google Scholar
Johansson, J.O.R., and H.S. Greening. 2000. Seagrass restoration in Tampa Bay: A resource-based approach to estuarine management. In Seagrasses: Monitoring, ecology, physiology, and management, ed. S.A. Bortone, 279–293. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Keeney, R.L., and R.S. Gregory. 2005. Selecting attributes to measure the achievement of objectives. Operations Research 53: 1–11. Article Google Scholar
Kelley, S.W., and J.S. Ramsey. 2008. Hydrodynamic model of Chatham Harbor/Pleasant Bay including 2007 North Breach. Mashpee: Applied Coastal Research and Engineering, Technical Memo. Google Scholar
Kendrick, G.A., B.J. Hegge, A. Wyllie, A. Davidson, and D.A. Lord. 2000. Changes in seagrass cover on Success and Parmelia Banks, Western Australia between 1965 and 1995. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 50: 341–353. Article Google Scholar
Kentula, M.E. 2007. Foreword: Monitoring wetlands at the watershed scale. Wetlands 27: 412–415. Article Google Scholar
Kenworthy, W.J., S. Wyllie-Echeverria, R.G. Coles, G. Pergent, and C. Pergent-Martini. 2006. Seagrass conservation biology: An inderdisciplinary science for protection of the seagrass biome. In Seagrasses: Biology, ecology and conservation, ed. A.W.D. Larkum, R.J. Orth, and C.M. Duarte, 595–623. Dordrecht: Springer. Chapter Google Scholar
Kirkman, H. 1996. Baseline and monitoring methods for seagrass meadows. Journal of Environmental Management 47: 191–201. Article Google Scholar
Komatsu, T., A. Mikami, S. Sultana, K. Ishida, T. Hiraishi, and K. Tatsukawa. 2003. Hydro-acoustic methods as a practical tool for cartography of seagrass beds. Otsuchi Marine Science 28: 72–79. Google Scholar
Kopp, B. S. and H. A. Neckles. 2009. A protocol for monitoring estuarine nutrient enrichment in coastal parks of the National Park Service Northeast Region. National Park Service Natural Resource Report NPS/NCBN/NRR-2009/110, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Krause-Jensen, D., A. L. Quaresma, A. H. Cunha, and T. M. Greve. 2004. How are seagrass distribution and abundance monitored? In European seagrasses: An introduction to monitoring and management, eds. J. Borum, C. M. Duarte, D. Krause-Jensen, and T. M Greve, 45–53. EU Project Monitoring and Managing of European Seagrasses (M&MS) EVK3-CT-2000-00044. http://www.seagrasses.org/handbook/european_seagrasses_high.pdf. Accessed 6 January 2009.
Kurtz, J.C., L.E. Jackson, and W.S. Fisher. 2001. Strategies for evaluating indicators based on guidelines from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development. Ecological Indicators 1: 49–60. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kurz, R.C., D.A. Tomasko, D. Burdick, T.F. Ries, K. Patterson, and R. Finck. 2000. Recent trends in seagrass distributions in southwest Florida coastal waters. In Seagrasses: Monitoring, ecology, physiology, and management, ed. S.A. Bortone, 157–166. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Kutner, M.H., C.J. Nachtsheim, J. Neter, and W. Li. 2005. Applied linear statistical models. New York: McGraw-Hill. Google Scholar
Latimer, J.S., and S.A. Rego. 2010. Empirical relationship between eelgrass extent and predicted watershed-derived nitrogen loading for shallow New England estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 90: 231–240. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2010.09.004. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lee, S.Y. 1997. Annual cycle of biomass of a threatened population of the intertidal seagrass Zostera japonica in Hong Kong. Marine Biology 129: 183–193. Article Google Scholar
Lee Long, W. J., L. J. McKenzie, M. A. Rasheed, and R. G. Coles. 1996. Monitoring seagrasses in tropical ports and harbours. In Seagrass biology: Proceedings of an International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 25–29 January 1996, eds. J. Kuo, R. C. Phillips, D. I. Walker, and H. Kirkman, 345–350. Nedlands, Western Australia: Faculty of Sciences, The University of Western Australia.
Littell, R.C., G.A. Milliken, W.W. Stroup, R.D. Wolfinger, and O. Schabenberger. 2006. SAS for mixed models, 2nd ed. Cary: SAS Institute Inc. Google Scholar
Long, B.G., D.M. Dennis, T.D. Skewes, and I.R. Poiner. 1996. Detecting an environmental impact of dredging on seagrass beds with a BACIR sampling design. Aquatic Botany 53: 235–243. Article Google Scholar
Malhotra, A., and M. S. Fonseca. 2007. WEMo (Wave Exposure Model): formulation, procedures and validation. Beaufort, North Carolina: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS #65. http://www.ccfhr.noaa.gov/stressors/wemo/default.aspx. Accessed 15 April 2010.
McDonald, J.I., G.T. Coupland, and G.A. Kendrick. 2006. Underwater video as a monitoring tool to detect change in seagrass cover. Journal of Environmental Management 80: 148–155. Article Google Scholar
McKenzie, L.J., S.J. Campbell, and C.A. Roder. 2003. Seagrass-Watch: Manual for mapping and monitoring seagrass resources by community (citizen) volunteers, 2nd ed. Cairns: State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries. Google Scholar
Mellors, J.E. 1991. An evaluation of a rapid visual technique for estimating seagrass biomass. Aquatic Botany 41: 67–73. Article Google Scholar
Moore, K.A., D.J. Wilcox, and R.J. Orth. 2000. Analysis of the abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation communities in the Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 23: 115–127. Article Google Scholar
Morris, L.J., and R.W. Virnstein. 2004. The demise and recovery of seagrass in the northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Estuaries 27: 915–922. Article Google Scholar
Mumby, P.J., A.J. Edwards, E.P. Green, C.W. Anderson, A.C. Ellis, and C.D. Clark. 1997. A visual assessment technique for estimating seagrass standing crop. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 7: 239–251. Article Google Scholar
Neckles, H.A., R.L. Wetzel, and R.J. Orth. 1993. Relative effects of nutrient enrichment and grazing on epiphyte–macrophyte (Zostera marina L.) dynamics. Oecologia 93: 285–295. Article Google Scholar
Neckles, H.A., F.T. Short, S. Barker, and B.S. Kopp. 2005. Disturbance of eelgrass Zostera marina by commercial mussel Mytilus edulis harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 285: 57–73. Article Google Scholar
Neverauskas, V.P. 1987. Monitoring seagrass beds around a sewage sludge outfall in South Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18: 158–164. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nichols, J.D., and B.K. Williams. 2006. Monitoring for conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21: 668–673. Article Google Scholar
Nixon, S.W. 1995. Coastal marine eutrophication: A definition, social causes, and future concerns. Ophelia 41: 199–219. Google Scholar
Nixon, S., B. Buckley, S. Granger, and J. Bintz. 2001. Responses of very shallow marine ecosystems to nutrient enrichment. Human & Ecological Risk Assessment 7: 1457–1481. Article Google Scholar
NSTC (National Science and Technology Council). 1997. Integrating the nation’s environmental monitoring and research networks and programs: A proposed framework. Washington: The Environmental Monitoring Team, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, National Science and Technology Council. Google Scholar
NYS (New York State) Seagrass Task Force. 2009. Draft report of the New York State Seagrass Task Force: Recommendations to the New York State governor and legislature, October 21. http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/fish_marine_pdf/seagrass.pdf. Accessed 16 November 2009.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2003. OECD environmental indicators: development, measurement and use. Paris: OECD Environment Directorate. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/47/24993546.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2010.
Orth, R.J., and K.A. Moore. 1988. Distribution of Zostera marina L. and Ruppia maritima L. sensu lato along depth gradients in the lower Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. Aquatic Botany 32: 291–305. Article Google Scholar
Orth, R.J., R.A. Batiuk, P.W. Bergstrom, and K.A. Moore. 2002a. A perspective on two decades of policies and regulations influencing the protection and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Bulletin of Marine Science 71: 1391–1403. Google Scholar
Orth, R.J., J.R. Fishman, D.J. Wilcox, and K.A. Moore. 2002b. Identification and management of fishing gear impacts in a recovering seagrass system in the coastal bays of the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. Journal of Coastal Research 37: 111–129. Google Scholar
Orth, R.J., T.J.B. Carruthers, W.C. Dennison, C.M. Duarte, J.W. Fourqurean, K.L. Heck Jr., A.R. Hughes, G.A. Kendrick, W.J. Kenworthy, S. Olyarnik, F.T. Short, M. Waycott, and S.L. Williams. 2006a. A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. Bioscience 56: 987–996. Article Google Scholar
Orth, R.J., M.C. Harwell, and G.J. Inglis. 2006b. Ecology of seagrass seeds and dispersal strategies. In Seagrasses: Biology, ecology and conservation, ed. A.W.D. Larkum, R.J. Orth, and C.M. Duarte, 111–133. Dordrecht: Springer. Chapter Google Scholar
Orth, R.J., M.R. Williams, S.R. Marion, D.J. Wilcox, T.J.B. Carruthers, K.A. Moore, W.M. Kemp, W.C. Dennison, N. Rybicki, P. Bergstrom, and R.A. Batiuk. 2010. Long-term trends in submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, USA, related to water quality. Estuaries and Coasts 33: 1144–1163. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Pergent-Martini, C. and G. Pergent. 1996. Spatio-temporal dynamics of Posidonia oceanica beds near a sewage outfall (Mediterranean–France). In Seagrass biology: Proceedings of an International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 25–29 January 1996, eds. J. Kuo, R. C. Phillips, D. I. Walker, and H. Kirkman, 299–306. Nedlands, Western Australia: Faculty of Sciences, The University of Western Australia.
Potvin, C., M.J. Lechowicz, and S. Tardif. 1990. The statistical analysis of ecophysiological response curves obtained from experiments involving repeated measures. Ecology 71: 1389–1400. Article Google Scholar
Psuty, N.P., and T.M. Silveira. 2009. Geomorphological evolution of estuaries: The dynamic basis for morpho-sedimentary units in selected estuaries in the northeastern United States. Marine Fisheries Review 71: 34–45. Google Scholar
Pulich, Jr., W., ed. 1999. Seagrass conservation plan for Texas. Austin, Texas: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Raz-Guzman, A., and R.E. Grizzle. 2001. Techniques for quantitative sampling of infauna and small epifauna in seagrass. In Global seagrass research methods, ed. F.T. Short and R.G. Coles, 237–252. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V. Google Scholar
Reid, L.M. 2001. The epidemiology of monitoring. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 37: 815–820. Article Google Scholar
Reiss, K.C., and M.T. Brown. 2007. Evaluation of Florida palustrine wetlands: application of USEPA levels 1, 2, and 3 assessment methods. EcoHealth 4: 206–218. Article Google Scholar
Riegl, B.M., R.P. Moyer, L.J. Morris, R.W. Virnstein, and S.J. Purkis. 2005. Distribution and seasonal biomass of drift macroalgae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, USA) estimated with acoustic seafloor classification (QTCView, Echoplus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 326: 89–104. Article Google Scholar
Robbins, B.D., and S.S. Bell. 2000. Dynamics of a subtidal seagrass landscape: Seasonal and annual change in relation to water depth. Ecology 81: 1193–1205. Article Google Scholar
Roman, C.T., and K.W. Able. 1988. Production ecology of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in a Cape Cod salt marsh–estuarine system, Massachusetts. Aquatic Botany 32: 353–363. Article Google Scholar
Roman, C.T., N. Jaworski, F.T. Short, S. Findlay, and R.S. Warren. 2000. Estuaries of the northeastern United States: Habitat and land use signatures. Estuaries 23: 743–764. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sabol, B.M., R.E. Melton Jr., R. Chamberlain, P. Doering, and K. Haunert. 2002. Evaluation of a digital echo sounder system for detection of submersed aquatic vegetation. Estuaries 25: 133–141. Article Google Scholar
Sand-Jensen, K., and J. Borum. 1991. Interactions among phytoplankton, periphyton, and macrophytes in temperate freshwaters and estuaries. Aquatic Botany 41: 137–175. Article Google Scholar
Sargent, F. J., T. J. Leary, D. W. Crewz, and C. R. Kreur. 1995. Scarring of Florida’s seagrasses: Assessment and management options. Florida Marine Research Institute FMRI Tech. Rept. TR-1, St. Petersburg, Florida.
Schabenberger, O., and F.J. Pierce. 2002. Contemporary statistical models for the plant and soil sciences. Boca Raton: CRC. Google Scholar
Sheridan, P. 2004. Recovery of floral and faunal communities after placement of dredged material on seagrasses in Laguna Madre, Texas. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 59: 441–458. Article Google Scholar
Short, F.T., and D.M. Burdick. 1996. Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 19: 730–739. Article Google Scholar
Short, F.T., and C.A. Short. 2003. The seagrasses of the western North Atlantic. In World atlas of seagrasses, ed. E.P. Green and F.T. Short, 207–215. Berkeley: University of California Press. Google Scholar
Short, F.T., and S. Wyllie-Echeverria. 1996. Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses. Environmental Conservation 23: 17–27. Article Google Scholar
Short, F.T., D.M. Burdick, and J.E. Kaldy III. 1995. Mesocosm experiments quantify the effects of eutrophication on eelgrass, Zostera marina. Limnology and Oceanography 40: 740–749. Article Google Scholar
Short, F.T., D.M. Burdick, C.A. Short, R.C. Davis, and P.A. Morgan. 2000. Developing success criteria for restored eelgrass, salt marsh and mud flat habitats. Ecological Engineering 15: 239–252. Article Google Scholar
Short, F.T., E.W. Koch, J.C. Creed, K.M. Magalhaes, E. Fernandez, and J.L. Gaeckle. 2006a. SeagrassNet monitoring across the Americas: Case studies of seagrass decline. Marine Ecology 27: 277–289. Article Google Scholar
Short, F. T., L. J. McKenzie, R. G. Coles, K. P. Vidler, and J. L. Gaeckle. 2006b. SeagrassNet manual for scientific monitoring of seagrass habitat, worldwide edition. Durham, New Hampshire: University of New Hampshire Publication. http://www.SeagrassNet.org. Accessed 20 August 2010.
Stephan, C. D, R. L. Peuser, and M. S. Fonseca. 2000. Evaluating fishing gear impacts to submerged aquatic vegetation and determining mitigation strategies. Washington, DC: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, ASMFC Habitat Management Series #5.
Stevens Jr., D.L. 1997. Variable density grid-based sampling designs for continuous spatial populations. Environmetrics 8: 167–195. Article Google Scholar
Stevens Jr., D.L., and A.R. Olsen. 2004. Spatially balanced sampling of natural resources. Journal of the American Statistical Association 99: 262–278. Article Google Scholar
Taylor, D.I., S.W. Nixon, S.L. Granger, B.A. Buckley, J.P. McMahon, and H.-J. Lin. 1995. Responses of coastal lagoon plant communities to different forms of nutrient enrichment—A mesocosm experiment. Aquatic Botany 52: 19–34. Article Google Scholar
Urquhart, N.S., S.G. Paulsen, and D.P. Larsen. 1998. Monitoring for policy-relevant regional trends over time. Ecological Applications 8: 246–257. Google Scholar
Virnstein, R.W. 2000. Seagrass management in Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Dealing with issues of scale. Pacific Conservation Biology 5: 299–305. Google Scholar
Virnstein, R. W. and L. J. Morris. 1996. Seagrass preservation and restoration: A diagnostic plan for the Indian River Lagoon. St. Johns River Water Management District. Technical Memorandum No. 14, Palatka, Florida.
Wardrop, D.H., C. Hershner, K. Havens, K. Thornton, and D.M. Bilkovic. 2007a. Developing and communicating a taxonomy of ecological indicators: A case study from the mid-Atlantic. EcoHealth 4: 179–186. Article Google Scholar
Wardrop, D.H., M.E. Kentula, S.F. Jensen, D.L. Stevens Jr., K.C. Hychka, and R.P. Brooks. 2007b. Assessment of wetlands in the Upper Juniata watershed in Pennsylvania, USA using the hydrogeomorphic approach. Wetlands 27: 432–445. Article Google Scholar
Wardrop, D.H., M.E. Kentula, D.L. Stevens Jr., S.F. Jensen, and R.P. Brooks. 2007c. Assessment of wetland condition: An example from the Upper Juniata watershed in Pennsylvania, USA. Wetlands 27: 416–431. Article Google Scholar
Warren, J.D., and B.J. Peterson. 2007. Use of a 600-kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler to measure estuarine bottom type, relative abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation, and eelgrass canopy height. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72: 53–62. Article Google Scholar
Watson, D.F., and G.M. Philip. 1985. A refinement of inverse distance weighted interpolation. Geoprocessing 2: 315–327. Google Scholar
Waycott, M., C.M. Duarte, T.J.B. Carruthers, R.J. Orth, W.C. Dennison, S. Olyarnik, A. Calladine, J.W. Fourqurean, K.L. Heck Jr., A.R. Hughes, G.A. Kendrick, W.J. Kenworthy, F.T. Short, and S.L. Williams. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 12377–12381. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wazniak, C.E., M.R. Hall, T.J.B. Carruthers, B. Sturgis, W.C. Dennison, and R.J. Orth. 2007. Linking water quality to living resources in a mid-Atlantic lagoon system, USA. Ecological Applications 17: S64–S78. Article Google Scholar
Weiss, M.B., P.B. Curran, B.J. Peterson, and C.J. Gobler. 2007. The influence of plankton composition and water quality on hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria L.) populations across Long Island’s south shore lagoon estuaries. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 345: 12–25. Article Google Scholar
Whigham, D.F., A.D. Jacobs, D.E. Weller, T.E. Jordan, M.E. Kentula, S.F. Jensen, and D.L. Stevens Jr. 2007. Combining HGM and EMAP procedures to assess wetlands at the watershed scale—Status of flats and non-tidal riverine wetlands in the Nanticoke River watershed, Delaware and Maryland (USA). Wetlands 27: 462–478. Article Google Scholar
Wilson, R.S., and A.H. Brenowitz. 1966. A report on the ecology of Great South Bay and adjacent waters. Garden City: Adelphi University. Google Scholar
Wilson, R.E., K.C. Wong, and H.H. Carter. 1991. Aspects of circulation and exchange in Great South Bay. In The Great South Bay, ed. J.R. Schubel, T.M. Bell, and H.H. Carter, 33–42. Albany: State University of New York Press. Google Scholar
Wong, K. C. 1981. Subtidal volume exchange and the relationship to atmospheric forcing in Great South Bay, New York. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook.