Where is the limit? lessons learned from long-term conservation agriculture research in Zimuto Communal Area, Zimbabwe (original) (raw)
References
Andersson, J. A., & D’Souza, S. (2013). From adoption claims to understanding farmers and contexts: a literature review of Conservation Agriculture (CA) adoption among smallholder farmers in southern Africa. Agricultural Systems and Enviroment, in press.
Arslan, A., McCarthy, N., Lipper, L., Asfaw, S., & Cattaneo, A. (2013). Adoption and intensity of adoption of conservation farming practices in Zambia. ESA Working paper No. 13-01. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Baudron, F., Jaleta, M., Okitoi, O., & Tegegn, A. (2013). Conservation agriculture in African mixed crop-livestock systems: expanding the niche. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 187, 171–182. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.020.
Becker, M., Ladha, J., & Ali, M. (1995). Green manure technology: potential, usage, and limitations. a case study for lowland rice. Plant and Soil, 174(1–2), 181–194. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Blum, A., & Sullivan, C. (1986). The comparative drought resistance of landraces of sorghum and millet from dry and humid regions. Annals of Botany, 57(6), 835–846. Article Google Scholar
Cairns, J. E., Sonder, K., Zaidi, P. H., Verhulst, N., Mahuku, G., Babu, R., et al. (2012). Maize production in a changing climate: impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies. In D. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in agronomy (Vol. 114, pp. 1–58). Burlington: Academic. Google Scholar
Cairns, J. E., Hellin, J., Sonder, K., Araus, J. L., MacRobert, J. F., Thierfelder, C., et al. (2013). Adapting maize production to climate change in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Security, 1–16.
Chamala, S., Cornish, P., Pratley, J. (1987). Adoption processes and extension strategies for conservation farming. Tillage: New directions in Australian agriculture, 400–419.
Davis, K. E., Ekboir, J., & Spielman, D. J. (2008). Strengthening agricultural education and training in sub-Saharan Africa from an innovation systems perspective: a case study of Mozambique. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 14, 35–51.
Derpsch, R., Friedrich, T., Kassam, A., & Hongwen, L. (2010). Current status of adoption of no-till farming in the world and some of its main benefits. International Journal of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, 3(1), 1–25. Google Scholar
Ellert, B. H., & Bettany, J. R. (1995). Calculation of organic matter and nutrients stored in soils under contrasting management regimes. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 75(4), 529–538. doi:10.4141/cjss95-075. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Erenstein, O., Sayre, K., Wall, P., Hellin, J., & Dixon, J. (2012). Conservation agriculture in maize- and wheat-bems in the (Sub)tropics: lessons from Adaptation Initiatives in South Asia, Mexico, and Southern ased SystAfrica. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36(2), 180–206. doi:10.1080/10440046.2011.620230. Article Google Scholar
FAO (2002) Conservation agriculture: Case studies in Latin America and Africa. FAO Soils Bulletin 78 FAO, Rome
GART. (2002). Conservation tillage with oxen: Conservation farming handbook no:2. Lusaka: MACO. Google Scholar
Giller, K. E., Witter, E., Corbeels, M., & Tittonell, P. (2009). Conservation agriculture and smallholder farming in Africa: the heretic’s view. Field Crops Research, 114, 23–34. Article Google Scholar
Guerin, T. F. (1999). An Australian perspective on the constraints to the transfer and adoption of innovations in land management. Environmental Conservation, 26(4), 289–304. Article Google Scholar
Johansen, C., Haque, M. E., Bell, R. W., Thierfelder, C., & Esdaile, R. J. (2012). Conservation agriculture for small holder rainfed farming: opportunities and constraints of new mechanized seeding systems. Field Crops Research, 132, 18–32. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.026. Article Google Scholar
Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., Shaxson, F., & Pretty, J. (2009). The spread of conservation agriculture: justification, sustainability and uptake. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 7(4), 292–320. Article Google Scholar
Kassie, G. T., Erenstein, O., Mwangi, W., La Rovere, R., Setimela, P., & Langyintuo, A. (2012). Characterization of maize production in Southern Africa: Synthesis of CIMMYT/ DTMA household level farming system surveys in Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Socio-economics program working paper 4. Mexico: D.F.: CIMMYT. Google Scholar
Kladviko, E. J., Mackay, A. D., & Bradford, J. M. (1986). Earthworms as a factor in the reduction of soil crusting. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, 191–196. Article Google Scholar
Kulshreshtha, S., & Brown, W. (1993). Role of farmers’ attitudes in adoption of irrigation in Saskatchewan. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 7(2), 85–98. Article Google Scholar
Lal, R. (1974). Soil temperature, soil moisture and maize yield from mulched and unmulched tropical soils. Plant and Soil, 40(1), 129–143. Article Google Scholar
Lobell, D. B., Burke, M. B., Tebaldi, C., Mastrandrea, M. D., Falcon, W. P., & Naylor, R. L. (2008). Prioritizing climate change adaptation needs for food security in 2030. Science, 319, 607–610. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mashingaidze, A. B., Govere, I., Rohrbach, D., Twomlow, S., Hove, L., & Mazvimavi, K. (2006). A preliminary review of NGO efforts to promote conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe, 2005–2006 season. Harare: FAO Emergency Unit. Google Scholar
Mashingaidze, N., Madakadze, C., Twomlow, S., Nyamangara, J., & Hove, L. (2012). Crop yield and weed growth under conservation agriculture in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Soil and Tillage Research, 124, 102–110. doi:10.1016/j.still.2012.05.008. Article Google Scholar
Mazvimavi K, Twomlow S, Belder P, Hove L (2008). An assessment of the sustainable uptake of conservation farming in Zimbabwe International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics: Global Theme on Agroecosystems Report no. 39, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Muchow, R. (1989). Comparative productivity of maize, sorghum and pearl millet in a semi-arid tropical environment II. effect of water deficits. Field Crops Research, 20(3), 207–219. Article Google Scholar
Munyati, M. (1997). Conservation tillage for sustainable crop production systems: results and experiences from on-station and on-farm research (1988–1996). The Zimbabwe Science News, 31(2), 27–33. Google Scholar
Muoni, T., Rusinamhodzi, L., & Thierfelder, C. (2013). Weed control in conservation agriculture systems of Zimbabwe: identifying economical best strategies. Crop Protection, 53, 23–28. Article Google Scholar
Mupangwa, W., Twomlow, S., & Walker, S. (2008). The influence of conservation tillage methods on soil water regimes in semi-arid southern Zimbabwe. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 33(8–13), 762–767. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2008.06.049. Article Google Scholar
Mwale, C. (2009). Effect of tillage practices on weed populations and seed banks in maize based production systems in Malawi. Master thesis, Master thesis, ISARA-Lyon, University of Lyon, 31. July 2009.
Ngwira, A. R., Aune, J. B., & Mkwinda, S. (2012a). On-farm evaluation of yield and economic benefit of short term maize legume intercropping systems under conservation agriculture in Malawi. Field Crops Research, 132, 149–157. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.014. Article Google Scholar
Ngwira, AR., Thierfelder, C., & Lambert, D. M. (2012b). Conservation agriculture systems for Malawian smallholder farmers: long-term effects on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems FirstView, 1–14. doi:10.1017/S1742170512000257.
Nyamangara, J., Masvaya, E. N., Tirivavi, R., & Nyengerai, K. (2013). Effect of hand-hoe based conservation agriculture on soil fertility and maize yield in selected smallholder areas in Zimbabwe. Soil and Tillage Research, 126(0), 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.still.2012.07.018. Article Google Scholar
Nyamapfene, K. (1991). Soils of Zimbabwe. Nehanda Publishers (Pvt) Ltd, Harare, Zimbabwe.75–79.
Sanginga, N., & Woomer, P. L. (2009). integrated soil fertility management in africa: principles, practices and developmental process. Cali: CIAT. Google Scholar
Shaxson, T. F. (2003). Soil moisture conservation. In L. Garcia-Torres, J. Benites, A. Martinez-Vilela, & A. Holgado-Cabrera (Eds.), Conservation agriculture (pp. 317–326). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Chapter Google Scholar
Sims, B. G., Thierfelder, C., Kienzle, J., Friedrich, T., & Kassam, A. (2012). Development of the conservation agriculture equipment industry in sub-Saharan Africa. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 28(6), 813–823. Article Google Scholar
Thierfelder, C., & Wall, P. C. (2009). Effects of conservation agriculture techniques on infiltration and soil water content in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Soil and Tillage Research, 105(2), 217–227. Article Google Scholar
Thierfelder, C., & Wall, P. C. (2010a). Investigating conservation agriculture (CA) systems in Zambia and Zimbabwe to mitigate future effects of climate change. Journal of Crop Improvement, 24(2), 113–121. doi:10.1080/15427520903558484. Article Google Scholar
Thierfelder, C., & Wall, P. C. (2010b). Rotations in conservation agriculture systems of Zambia: effects on soil quality and water relations. Experimental Agriculture, 46(03), 309–325. Article Google Scholar
Thierfelder, C., & Wall, P. C. (2012). Effects of conservation agriculture on soil quality and productivity in contrasting agro-ecological environments of Zimbabwe. Soil Use and Management, 28(2), 209–220. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00406.x. Article Google Scholar
Thierfelder, C., Chisui, J. L., Gama, M., Cheesman, S., Jere, Z. D., Bunderson, W. T., Ngwira, A. R., Eash, N. S., & Rusinamhodzi, L. (2013a). Maize-based conservation agriculture systems in Malawi: long-term trends in productivity. Field Crop Research, 142, 47–57. Article Google Scholar
Thierfelder, C., Mwila, M., & Rusinamhodzi, L. (2013b). Conservation agriculture in eastern and southern provinces of Zambia: long-term effects on soil quality and maize productivity. Soil and Tillage Research, 126, 246–258. doi:10.1016/j.still.2012.09.002. Article Google Scholar
Thierfelder C, Rusinamhodzi L, Ngwira RA, Mupangwa W, Nyagumbo I, Kassie GT, Cairns JE (2014). Conservation agriculture in southern Africa: advances in knowledge. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, in press.
Thornton, P. K., Jones, P. G., Owiyo, T., Kruska, R., Herrero, M., Kristjanson, P., Notenbaert, A., Bekele, N., & Omolo, A. (2006). Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Nairobi: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). Google Scholar
Twomlow SJ, Steyn JT, du Preez CC (2006). Dryland farming in southern Africa. Dryland agriculture (drylandagricult):769-836.
Umar, B. B., Aune, J. B., Johnsen, F. H., & Lungu, O. I. (2011). Options for improving smallholder conservation agriculture in Zambia. Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(3), p50. Article Google Scholar
Valbuena, D., Erenstein, O., Homann-Kee Tui, S., Abdoulaye, T., Claessens, L., Duncan, A. J., et al. (2012). Conservation agriculture in mixed crop–livestock systems: scoping crop residue trade-offs in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Field Crops Research, 132, 175–184. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2012.02.022. Article Google Scholar
Vaughan, C., & Shamudzarira, Z. (2000). Methodological development in linking farmer participatory research with simulation modelling for improved resource management and productivity in Southern Zimbabwe. Risk management project working paper series 00/04. Mexico: DF: CIMMYT. Google Scholar
Verhulst, N., Kienle, F., Sayre, K. D., Deckers, J., Raes, D., Limon-Ortega, A., Tijerina-Chavez, L., & Govaerts, B. (2011). Soil quality as affected by tillage-residue management in a wheat-maize irrigated bed planting system. Plant and Soil, 340, 453–466. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vincent, V., & Thomas, R. G. (1961). An agricultural survey of Southern Rhodesia: part I: The agroecological survey,”. government printer, Salisbury:345 pp.
Vogel, H. (1994). Weeds in single-crop conservation farming in Zimbabwe. Soil and Tillage Research, 31, 169–185. Article Google Scholar
Vogel, H. (1995). The need for integrated weed management systems in smallholder conservation farming in Zimbabwe. Der Tropenlandwirt, 96, 35–56. Google Scholar
Wall, P. C. (2007). Tailoring conservation agriculture to the needs of small farmers in developing countries: an analysis of issues. Journal of Crop Improvement, 19(1/2), 137–155. Article Google Scholar
Wall, P. C., Thierfelder, C., Ngwira, A., Govaerts, B., Nyagumbo, I., & Baudron, F. (2013). Conservation agriculture in Eastern and Southern Africa. In R. A. Jat, K. L. Sahrawat, & A. H. Kassam (Eds.), Conservation agriculture: Global prospects and challenges. Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8DE: CABI. Google Scholar
Wossink, G., De Buck, A., Van Niejenhuis, J., & Haverkamp, H. (1997). Farmer perceptions of weed control techniques in sugarbeet. Agricultural Systems, 55(3), 409–423. Article Google Scholar