Markedness (original) (raw)
'Markedness' refers to the tendency of languages to show a preference for particular structures or sounds. This bias towards 'marked' elements is consistent within and across languages, and tells us a great deal about what languages can and cannot do. This pioneering study presents a groundbreaking theory of markedness in phonology. De Lacy argues that markedness is part of our linguistic competence, and is determined by three conflicting mechanisms in the brain: (a) pressure to preserve marked sounds ('preservation'), (b) pressure to turn marked sounds into unmarked sounds ('reduction'), and (c) a mechanism allowing the distinction between marked and unmarked sounds to be collapsed ('conflation'). He shows that due to these mechanisms, markedness occurs only when preservation is irrelevant. Drawing on examples of phenomena such as epenthesis, neutralisation, assimilation, vowel reduction and sonority-driven stress, Markedness offers an important insight into this essential concept in the understanding of human language.
Review of the hardback:'In this extraordinarily detailed and empirically rich work, framed within Optimality Theory, de Lacy argues that substantive featural markedness is part of linguistic competence.'
Source: Phonology
Review of the hardback:'… de Lacy's theory is the first that provides a comprehensive and coherent framework for inquiring into formal markedness. Once the notion of markedness is defined in such an explicit way, it is easier to examine more of its effects empirically and find its proper formal expression in a theory of grammar.'
Tanaka Shin-ichi - University of Tokyo
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