Patterns of temporal change in single morphological characters of a Miocene stickleback fish | Paleobiology | Cambridge Core (original) (raw)
Abstract
Patterns of temporal variation of six characters in a Miocene stickleback (Gasterosteus doryssus) are presented. Most pairs of characters tend to be correlated, but these correlations account for only about 26% of the observed variation, and thus the characters are studied separately. All character state frequencies exhibit temporal heterogeneity, and their means have temporal trends. Regardless of these overall trends, reversals of the trends cause end members of four time series not to differ significantly from each other. We argue that most observed temporal variation represents intrapopulation evolutionary change. Although most time series have somewhat stepped patterns, complete stasis is absent. Gradual variation is predominant, and in one case is nearly linear, but very rapid evolutionary bursts are also seen. The most rapid stratigraphic change appears to represent a local extinction, followed by recolonization by a differentiated population, but another episode of rapid change probably represents evolution in situ by means of standard neo-Darwinian mechanisms, without involvement of “macromutations” or true saltation. The irregular patterns and great magnitude of phenotypic change that are observed indicate that conventional paleontological samples may miss important evolutionary phenomena and are not comparable to shorter-term evolution in extant populations.
Information
Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society
Access options
Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)
Article purchase
Temporarily unavailable
References
Alberch, P. 1983. Morphological variation in the Neotropical salamander genus Bolitoglossa. Evolution. 37:906–919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Axelrod, D. I. 1956. Mio-Pliocene floras from west-central Nevada. Univ. California Publ. Geol. Sci. 33:1–321.Google Scholar
Behrensmeyer, A. K. 1982. Time resolution in fluvial vertebrate assemblages. Paleobiology. 8:211–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. A. 1974. Reduction and loss of the pelvic girdle in Gasterosteus (Pisces): a case of parallel evolution. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty. Contrib. Sci. 257:1–36.Google Scholar
Bell, M. A. 1976. Evolution of phenotypic diversity in Gasterosteus aculeatus superspecies on the Pacific coast of North America. Syst. Zool. 25:211–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. A. 1984a. Evolutionary phenetics and genetics: the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and related species. Pp. 431–528. In: Turner, B. J., ed. Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes. Plenum; New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. A. 1984b. Gigantism in threespine sticklebacks: implications for causation of body size evolution. Copeia. 1984:530–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. A., Francis, R. C., and Havens, A. C. 1985. Pelvic reduction and its directional asymmetry in threespine sticklebacks from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska. Copeia. 1985:437–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. A. and Haglund, T. R. 1982. Fine-scale temporal variation of the Miocene stickleback Gasterosteus doryssus. Paleobiology. 8:282–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berggren, W. A. and Casey, R. E. 1983. Introduction to the symposium on the tempo and mode of evolution from micropaleontological data. Paleobiology. 9:326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, C. E. 1979. Biology of Fishes. 514 pp. Saunders; Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Bookstein, F. L., Gingerich, P. D., and Kluge, A. G. 1978. Hierarchical linear modeling of the tempo and mode of evolution. Paleobiology. 4:120–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, R. N. 1979. Sticklebacks [Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), and Pungitius pungitius (L.)] in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Hebridean Nat. 3:8–15.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, B., Lande, R., and Slatkin, M. 1982. A neo-Darwinian commentary on macroevolution. Evolution. 36:474–498.Google ScholarPubMed
Dingus, L. and Sadler, P. M. 1982. The effects of stratigraphic completeness on estimates of evolutionary rates. Syst. Zool. 31:400–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, W. J. 1977. BMDP-77. Biomedical Computer Programs P-series. 880 pp. Univ. California Press; Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. and Gould, S. J. 1972. Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. Pp. 82–115. In: Schopf, T. J. M., ed. Models in Paleobiology. Freeman, Cooper; San Francisco.Google Scholar
Giles, N. 1983. The possible role of environmental calcium levels during evolution of phenotypic diversity in Outer Hebridean populations of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. J. Zool. London. 199:535–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ginzburg, L. R. and Rost, J. D. 1982. Are “punctuations” artifacts of time-scales? Nature. 296:610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1982. The meaning of punctuated equilibrium and its role in validating a hierarchical approach to macroevolution. Pp. 83–104. In: Milkman, R., ed. Perspectives on Evolution. Sinauer; Sunderland, Mass.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. and Eldredge, N. 1977. Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology. 3:115–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagen, D. W. and Blouw, D. M. 1983. Heritability of dorsal spines in the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus). Heredity. 50:275–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, D. S. 1907. The fossil fishes of California with supplementary notes on other species of extinct fishes. Bull. Univ. California Publ. Dept. Geol. 5(7):95–144.Google Scholar
Jordan, D. S. 1908. Note on a fossil stickleback fish from Nevada. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 52:117.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, M. 1982. Quantum evolution and punctuated equilibria in continuous genetic characters. Am. Nat. 119:833–848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirpichnikov, V. S. 1981. Genetic Bases of Fish Selection (Trans. Gause, G.G.). 410 pp. Springer-Verlag; New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinton, J. S. 1983. Stasis in progress: the empirical basis of macroevolution. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 14:103–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindsey, C. C. 1962. Experimental study of meristic variation in a population of three-spine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Can. J. Zool. 40:271–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maderson, P. F. A. 1982. The role of development in macroevolutionary change. Pp. 279–312. In: Bonner, J. T., ed. Evolution and Development. Springer-Verlag; New York.Google Scholar
McPhail, J. D. 1977. Inherited interpopulation differences in size at first reproduction in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Heredity. 38:53–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moodie, G. E. E. and Reimchen, T. E. 1976. Phenetic variation and habitat differences in Gasterosteus populations of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Syst. Zool. 25:49–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, J. S. 1971. Absence of the pelvic complex in ninespine stickebacks. Pungitius pungitius, collected in Ireland and Wood Buffalo National Park region, Canada, with notes on meritistic variation. Copeia. 1971:707–717.Google Scholar
Nelson, J. S. 1977. Evidence of a genetic basis for absence of the pelvic skeleton in brook stickleback, Culuea inconstans, and notes on the geographical distribution and origin of the loss. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34:1314–1320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, E. C. and Miller, R. L. 1958. Morphological Integration. 317 pp. Univ. Chicago Press; Chicago.Google Scholar
Raff, R. A. and Kaufman, T. C. 1983. Embryos, Genes, and Evolution. 395 pp. Macmillan; New York.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. and Crick, R. E. 1981. Evolution of single characters in the Jurassic ammonite Kosmoceras. Paleobiology. 7:200–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimchen, T. E. 1980. Spine deficiency and polymorphism in a population of Gasterosteus aculeatus: an adaptation to predators? Can. J. Zool. 58:1232–1244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimchen, T. E. 1983. Structural relationships between spines and lateral plates in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Evolution. 37:931–946.Google ScholarPubMed
Ruben, J. 1971. A Pliocene colubrid snake (Reptilia: Colubridae) from west-central Nevada. Paleobios. 13:1–19.Google Scholar
Sadler, P. M. 1981. Sediment accumulation rates and the completeness of stratigraphic sections. J. Geol. 89:569–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaeffer, B., Hecht, M. K., and Eldredge, N. 1972. Phylogeny and paleontology. Pp. 31–46. In: Dobzhansky, Th., Hecht, M. K., and Steere, W. C., eds. Evolutionary Biology. Appleton-Century-Crofts; New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schindel, D. E. 1980. Microstratigraphic sampling and the limits of paleontologic resolution. Paleobiology. 6:408–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schindel, D. E. 1982. Resolution analysis: a new approach to the gaps in the fossil record. Paleobiology. 8:340–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1944. Tempo and Mode in Evolution. 237 pp. Columbia Univ. Press; New York.Google Scholar
Smith, G. R. 1981. Late Cenozoic freshwater fishes of North America. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12:163–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. 1981. Biometry, the Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. 2d ed.859 pp. W. H. Freeman; San Francisco.Google Scholar
Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. 743 pp. Saunders; Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Wootton, R. J. 1976. The Biology of the Sticklebacks. 387 pp. Academic Press; New York.Google Scholar
Wootton, R. J. 1984. A Functional Biology of the Sticklebacks. 265 pp. Univ. California Press; Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar