Ras activation in human breast cancer (original) (raw)

References

  1. Barbacid M: Ras genes. Annu Rev Biochem 56: 779–827, 1987
    Google Scholar
  2. Bos JL: Ras oncogenes in human cancer: A review. Cancer Res 49: 4682–4689, 1989
    Google Scholar
  3. Dickson RB, Gottardis MM, Merlino GT: Molecular insights into breast cancer from transgenic mouse models. BioEssays 13: 591–596, 1991
    Google Scholar
  4. Slamon D, Clark G, Wong S, Levin W, Ulirich A, McGuire W: Human breast cancer: Correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 235: 177–182, 1987
    Google Scholar
  5. Lacroix H, Iglehart JD, Skinner MA, Kraus MH: Overexpression of _erb_B-2 or EGF receptor proteins present in early stage mammary carcinoma is detected simultaneously in matched primary tumors and regional metastases. Oncogene 4: 145–151, 1989
    Google Scholar
  6. Clark GJ, Der CJ: Aberrant function of the Ras signal transduction pathway in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 35: 133–144, 1995
    Google Scholar
  7. Klijn J, Bems P, Schmitiz P, Foekens J: The clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in human breast cancer: A review on 5232 patients. Endocrine Rev 13: 3–17, 1992
    Google Scholar
  8. Sainbury JR, Farndon JR, Needham GK, Malcolm AJ, Harris AJ: Epiderrnal-growth-factor receptor status as predictor of early recurrence of death from breast cancer. Lancet i 1398–1402, 1987
    Google Scholar
  9. Newby JC, Hern RP, Leek RD, Smith IE, Harris AL, Dowseff M: Immunohistochemical assay for epidermal growth factor receptor on paraffin-embedded sections: validation against ligand-binding assay and clincal relevance in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 71: 1237–1242, 1995
    Google Scholar
  10. Earp SH, Dawson TL, Li XO, Yu H: Heterodimerization and functional interaction between EGF receptor family members: A new signaling paradigm with implications for breast cancer research. Breast Cancer Res Treat 35: 115–132, 1995
    Google Scholar
  11. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones L, Holt J, Wong S, Keith D, Levin W, Stuart S, Udove J, Ullrich A, Press M: Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 244: 707–712, 1989
    Google Scholar
  12. Iglehart JD, Kraus MH, Langton BC, Huper G, Kems BJ, Marks JR: Increased _erb_B-2 gene copies and expression in multiple stages of breast cancer. Cancer Res 50: 6701–6707, 1990
    Google Scholar
  13. Moscatello DK, Holgado-Madruga M, Godwin AK, Ramirez G, Gunn G, Zoltick PW, Biegel JA, Hayes RL, Wong AJ: Frequent expression of a mutant epidermal growth factor receptor in multiple human tumors. Cancer Res 55: 5536–5539, 1995
    Google Scholar
  14. Kacinski BM: CSF-1 and its receptor in ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer. Ann Med 27: 79–85, 1995
    Google Scholar
  15. Kacinski BM, Scata KA, Carter D, Yee LD, Sapi E, King BL, Chambers SK, Jones MA, Pirro MH, Stanley BR, Rohrschneider LR: FMS (CSF-1 receptor) and CSF-1 transcripts and protein are expressed by human breast carcinomas in vivo and in vitro. Oncogene 6: 941–952, 1991
    Google Scholar
  16. Sivaraman VS, Wang H, Nuovo GJ, Malbon CC: Hyperexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase in human breast cancer. J Clin Invest 99: 1478–1483, 1997
    Google Scholar
  17. Marshall M: Ras target proteins in eukaryotic cells. FASEB J 9: 1311–1318, 1995
    Google Scholar
  18. Lacal JC, Carnero A: Regulation of Ras proteins and their involvement in signal transduction pathways (Review). Oncol Rep 1: 677–693, 1994
    Google Scholar
  19. Rowinsky EK, Windle JJ, von Hoff DD: Ras protein farnesyltransferase: a strategic target for anticancer therapeutic development. J Clin Oncol 17: 3631–3652, 1999
    Google Scholar
  20. Kohl NE, Wilson FR, Mosser SD, Giuliani B, DeSolms SJ, Conner MW, Anthony NJ, Holtz WJ, Gomez RP, Lee T-J, Smith RL, Graham SL, Hartman GD, Gibbs JB, Oliff A: Protein famesyltransferase inhibitors block the growth of _ras-_dependent tumors in nude mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9141–9145, 1994
    Google Scholar
  21. Nagasu T, Yoshimatsu K, Rowell C, Lewis MD, Garcia AM: Inhibition of human tumor xenograft growth by treatment with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor B956. Cancer Res 55: 5310–5314, 1995
    Google Scholar
  22. Kohl NE, Omer CA, Conner MW, Anthony NJ, Davide JP, DeSolms SJ, Giuliani EA, Gomez RP, Graham SL, Hamilton K, Handt LK, Hartman GD, Koblan KS, Kral AM, Miller PJ, Mosser SD, O'Neill TJ, Rands B, Schaber MD, Gibbs JB, Oliff A: Inhibition of famesyltransferase induces regression of mammary and salivary carcinomas in Ras transgenic mice. Nature Medicine 1: 792–797, 1995
    Google Scholar
  23. Coffey MC, Strong JE, Forsyth PA, Lee PWK: Reovirus therapy of tumors with activated Ras pathway. Science 282: 1332–1334, 1998
    Google Scholar
  24. Scheele JS, Rhee JM, Boss GR: Determination of absolute amounts of GDP and GTP bound to Ras in mammalian cells: Comparison of parental and Ras-overproducing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 1097–1100, 1995
    Google Scholar
  25. Guha A, Lau N, Huvar I, Gutmann D, Provias J, Pawson T, Boss G: Ras-GTP levels are elevated in human NF1 peripheral nerve tumors. Oncogene 12: 507–513, 1996
    Google Scholar
  26. Guha A, Feldkamp M, Lau N, Huvar I, Boss G, Pawson T: Proliferation of human malignant astrocytomas is dependent on Ras activation. Oncogene 15: 2755–2765, 1997
    Google Scholar
  27. Prigent SA, Nagane M, Lin H, Huvar I, Boss GR, Feramisco JR, Cavenee WK, Su Huang H-J: Enhanced tumorigenic behavior of glioblastoma cells expressing a truncated EGF receptor is mediated through the Ras-Shc-Grb2 pathway. J Biol Chem 271: 25639–25645, 1996
    Google Scholar
  28. Hattori S, Clanton DJ, Satoh T, Nakamura S, Kaziro Y, Kawakita M, Shih TY: Neutralizing monoclonal antibody against ras oncogene product p21 which impairs guanine nucleotide exchange. Mol Cell Biol 7: 1999–2002, 1987
    Google Scholar
  29. Suhasini M, Li H, Lohmann SM, Boss GR, Pilz RB: Cyclic-GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the Ras/mitogenactivated protein kinase pathway. Mol Cell Biol 18: 6983–6994, 1998
    Google Scholar
  30. Jiang W, Kahn SM, Ouillem JG, Lu S-H, Weinstein TB: Rapid detection of ras oncogenes in human tumors: applications to colon, esophageal, and gastric cancer. Oncogene 4: 923–928, 1989
    Google Scholar
  31. Brunk C, Jones K, James T: Assay for nanogram quantities of DNA in cellular homogenates. Anal Biochem 92: 497–500, 1979
    Google Scholar
  32. Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254, 1976
    Google Scholar
  33. Koffa M, Malamou-Mitsi V, Agnantis NJ, Spandidos DA: Mutational activation of K-ras oncogene in human breast tumors. Int J Oncology 4: 573–576, 1994
    Google Scholar
  34. Capella G, Cronauer-Mitra S, Peinado MA, Perucho M: Frequency and spectrum of mutations at codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras gene in human tumors. Env Health Persp 93: 125–131, 1991
    Google Scholar
  35. Rohan TE, Hartwick W, Miller AB, Kandel RA: Immunohistochemical detection of c-erbB-2 and p53 in benign breast disease and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 90: 1262–1269, 1998
    Google Scholar
  36. Chan S, Antoniucci D, Fok K, Alajoki M, Harkins R, Thompson S, Wada G: Heregulin activation of extracellular acidification in mammary carcinoma cells is associated with expression of HER2 and HER3. J Biol Chem 270: 22608–22613, 1995
    Google Scholar
  37. Mixan B, Cohen BD, Bacus SS, Fell HP, Siegall CB: Betacellulin-Pseudomonas toxin fusion proteins bind but are not cytotoxic to cells expressing HER4; correlation of EGFR for cytotoxic activity. Oncogene 16: 1209–1215, 1998
    Google Scholar
  38. Alimandi M, Wang L-M, Bottaro D, Lee C-C, Kuo A, Frankel M, Fedi P, Tang C, Lippman M, Pierce JH: Epidermal growth factor and betacellulin mediate signal transduction through coexpressed ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors. EMBO J 16: 5608–5617, 1997
    Google Scholar
  39. Pozzatti R, Muschel R, Williams J, Padmanabhan R, Howard B, Liotta LA, Khoury G: Primary rat embryo cells transformed by one or two oncogenes show different metastatic potentials. Science 232: 223–227, 1986
    Google Scholar
  40. Der CJ, Finkel T, Cooper GM: Biological and biochemical properties of human ras H genes mutated at codon 61. Cell 44: 167–176, 1986
    Google Scholar
  41. Shirasawa S, Furuse M, Yokoyama N, Sasauuki T: Altered growth of human colon cancer cell lines disrupted at activated Ki-ras. Science 260: 85–88, 1993
    Google Scholar
  42. Pellegata NS, Sessa F, Renault Beal: K-ras and p53 gene mutations in pancreatic cancer: ductal and nonductal tumors progress through different genetic lesions. Cancer Res 54: 1556–1562, 1994
    Google Scholar
  43. Stevenson LE, Ravichandran KS, Frackelton AR, Jr.: Shc dominant negative disrupts cell cycle progression in both G0-G1 and G2-M of ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells. Cell Growth Dif 10: 61–71, 1999
    Google Scholar
  44. Karunagaran D, Tzahar E, Beerli RR, Chen X, Graus-Porta D, Ratzkin BJ, Seger R, Hynes NE, Yarden Y: ErbB-2 is a common auxiliary subunit of NDF and EGF receptors: implications for breast cancer. EMBO J 15: 254–264, 1996
    Google Scholar
  45. Carraway K, Cantley L: A neu acquaintance for erbB3 and erbB4: A role for receptor heterodimerization in growth signaling. Cell 78: 5–8, 1994
    Google Scholar
  46. KIapper LN, Glathe S, Vaisman N, Hynes NE, Andrews GC, Sela M, Yarden Y: The ErbB-2/HER2 oncoprotein of human carcinomas may function solely as a shared coreceptor for multiple stroma-derived growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 4995–5000, 1999
    Google Scholar
  47. Buday L, Downward J: Epidermal growth factor regulates the exchange rate of guanine nucleotides on p21ras in fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 13: 1903–1910, 1993
    Google Scholar
  48. Sasaoka T, Langlois W, Leitner J, Draznin B, Olefsky J: The signaling pathway coupling epidermal growth factor receptors to activation of p21ras. J Biol Chem 269: 32621–3265, 1994
    Google Scholar
  49. Riese DJ, Kim ED, Elenius K, Buckley S, Klagsbrun M, Plowman GD, Stem DF: The epidermal growth factor receptor couples transforming growth factor-α, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like factor, and amphiregulin to neu, erbB-3, and erbB-4. J Biol Chem 271: 20047–20052, 1996
    Google Scholar
  50. Beerli RR, Hynes NE: Epidermal growth factor-related peptides activate distinct subsets of erbB receptors and differ in their biological activities. J Biol Chem 271: 6071–6076, 1996
    Google Scholar
  51. Kraus M, Issing W, Miki T, Popescu N, Aaronson S: Isolation and characterization of ERBB3, a third member of the ERBB/epidermal growth factor receptor family: Evidence for overexpression in a subset of human mammary tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 9193–9197, 1989
    Google Scholar
  52. Kraus M, Fedi P, Starks V, Muraro R, Aaronson S: Demonstration of ligand-dependent signaling by the erbB-3 tyrosine kinase and its constitutive activation in human breast tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 2900–2904, 1993
    Google Scholar
  53. Sawyer L, Hues I, Page M, Crompton M, Dean C: Two erbB-4 transcripts are expressed in normal breast and in most breast cancers. Oncogene 17: 919–924, 1998
    Google Scholar
  54. Baselga J, Tripathy D, Mendelsohn J, Baughman S, Benz CC, Dantis L, Sklarin NT, Seidman AD, Hudis CA, Moore J, Rosen PP, Twaddell T, Henderson ICa, Norton L: Phase II study of weekly intravenous recombinant humanized antip185-HER2 monoclonal antibody in patients with HER2/neuoverexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 14: 737–744, 1996
    Google Scholar
  55. Lebowitz PF, Davide JP, Prendergast GC: Evidence that farnesyltransrase inhibitors suppress ras transformation by interfering with Rho activity. Mol Cell Biol 1513: 6613–6622, 1995
    Google Scholar
  56. Lebowitz PF, Casey PJ, Prendergast GC, Thissen JA: Farnesyltransferase inhibitors alter the prenylation and growth-stimulating flinction of RhoB. J Biol Chem 272: 15591–15594, 1997
    Google Scholar

Download references