Evolution of the Spindlin Gene in Birds: Independent Cessation of the Recombination of Sex Chromosomes at the Spindlin Locus in Neognathous Birds and Tinamous, a Palaeognathous Avian Family (original) (raw)

References

• Ansart, H.A., N. Takagi & M. Sasaki, 1988. Morphological differentiation of sex chromosomes in three species of ratite birds. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 47: 185–188.
  Google Scholar
• Barnes, W.M., 1994. PCR amplification of up to 35-kb DNA with high fidelity and high yield from lambda bacteriophage templates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2216–2220.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Blanck, A., B. Gluck, Wartbichler, S. Bender, M. Poll & A. Brandl, 1997. Activity of restriction enzymes in a PCR mix. Biochemica (Boehringer) 3: 25.
  Google Scholar
• Bull, J.J., 1983. Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, CA.
  Google Scholar
• Burch, J.B.E., D.L. Davis & N.B. Haas, 1993. Chicken repeat 1 elements contain a pol-like open reading frame and belong to the non-long terminal repeat class of retroposons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 8199–8203.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Caspers, G.J., J. Wattel & W.W. de Jong, 1994. Alpha A-crystallin sequences group tinamou with ratites. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11: 711–713.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Charlesworth, B., 1991. The evolution of sex chromosomes. Science 251: 1030–1033.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Cooper, A. & D. Penny, 1997. Mass survival of birds across the cretaceous-tertiary boundary: molecular evidence. Science 275: 1109–1113.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Cooper, A., C. Laluesa-Fox, S. Anderson A. Rambaut, J. Austin & R. Ward, 2001. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two extinct moas clarify ratite evolution. Nature 409: 704–707.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Cracraft, J. & D.P. Mindell, 1989. The early history of modern birds: a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence, pp 389–403 in The Hierarchy of Life, edited by B. Fernholm, K. Brenner & H. Jornvall. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  Google Scholar
• de Kloet, S.R., 2001a. Loss of the gene for the alpha subunit of ATP synthase (ATP5W1) from theWchromosome of the African grey parrot (Psittacus eritacus). J. Mol. Evol. 53: 135–143.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• de Kloet, S.R., 2001b. Development of a CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphics Sequence) assay for sex identification of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Mol. Ecol. Notes 1: 273–275.
  Google Scholar
• de Kloet, S.R., 2002. Molecular sex identification of tinamous with PCR using primers derived from the spindlin gene. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2: 465–466.
  Google Scholar
• Dvorak, J., J.L. Halverson, P. Gulick, K.A. Rauen, U.K. Abbott, B.J. Kelly & F.T. Schultz, 1992. cDNA cloning of a Z-and W-linked gene in gallinaceous birds. J. Hered. 83: 22–25.
  Google Scholar
• Edwards, S.V., B. Fertil, A. Giron & P.J. Deschavanne, 2001. A genomic schism in birds revealed by phylogenetic analysis of DNA strings. Syst. Biol. 51: 599–613.
  Google Scholar
• Ellegren, H., 1996. First gene on the avian Wchromosome (CHD1) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 1377: 1635–1641.
  Google Scholar
• Ellegren, H., 2000. Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes and their role in sex determination. Trends Ecol. 15: 188–192.
  Google Scholar
• Ellegren, H. & A. Carmichael, 2001. Multiple and independent cessation of recombination between avian sex chromosomes. Genetics 158: 325–331.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Fridolfsson, A.-K., H.H. Cheng, N.G. Copeland, N.A. Jenkins, H.C. Liu, T. Raudseep, T.M. Woodage, B. Chowdary, J. Halverson & H. Ellegren, 1998. Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes from an ancestral pair of autosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 8147–8152.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Garcia-Moreno, J. & D.P. Mindell, 2000. Rooting a phylogeny with homologous genes on opposite sex chromosomes (gametologs): a case study using avian CHD. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 1826–1832.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Grantham, R., 1974. Amino acid difference formula to help explain protein evolution. Science 185: 862–864.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Griffiths, R., S. Daan & C. Dijkstra, 1996. Sex identification in birds using two CHD1 genes. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 1374: 1251–1256.
  Google Scholar
• Griffiths, R., M.C. Double, K. Or & R.J.G. Dawson, 1998. A DNA test to sex most birds. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1071–1075.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Gustincich, S., G. Manfioletti, C. Del Sal, C. Schneider & P.C. Carnici, 1991. A fast method for high-quality genomic DNA extraction from whole human blood. Biotechniques 11: 298–302.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Haddrath, O. & A.J. Baker, 2001. Complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences of extinct birds: ratite phylogenetics and the vicariance biogeography hypothesis. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 268: 939–945.
  Google Scholar
• Hedges, S.B., 1994. Molecular evidence for the origin of birds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2621–2624.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Hedges, S.B. & L.L. Poling, 1999. A molecular phylogeny of reptiles. Science 283: 998–1001.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Hoppe, B.L., B.M. Conti-Tronconi & R.M. Horton, 1992. Gelloading dyes compatible with PCR. Biotechniques 12: 679–680.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Hori, T., S. Asakawa, Y. Itoh, N. Shimizu & S. Mizuno, 2000. Wpkc1, encoding an altered form of PKCI, is conserved widely on the avian W chromosome and expressed in early female embryos: implication of its role in early female sex determination. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 3645–3660.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Huynen L., C.D. Millar & D.M. Lambert, 2002. A DNA test to sex ratite birds. Mol. Ecol. 11: 851–856.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Itoh, Y., T. Hori, H. Saitoh & S. Mizuno, 2001a. Chicken spindlin genes on W and Z chromosomes: transcriptional expression of both genes and dynamic behavior of spindlin in interphase and mitotic cells. Chromosome Res. 9: 283–299.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Itoh, Y., M. Suzuki, A. Ogawa, I. Munechika, K. Murata & S. Mizuno, 2001b. Identification of the sex of a wide range of Carinatae birds by PCR using primer sets selected from chicken EEO.6 and its related sequences. J. Hered. 92: 315–321.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Malik, H.S. & T.H. Eickbush, 1998. The RTE class of non-LTR retroposons is widely distributed in animals and is the origin of many SINEs. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15: 1123–1134.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Maniatis, T., E.F. Fritsch & J. Sambrook, 1983. Molecular Cloning; A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory. Cold Spring Harbour, New York.
  Google Scholar
• Menossi, M., N. Cremonese, L.G. Maron & P. Arruda, 2000. Making colony PCR easier by adding gel-loading buffer to the amplification reaction. Biotechniques 28: 424–426.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Ogawa, A., I. Solovei, N. Hutchison, Y. Saitoh, J. Ikeda, H. MacGregor & S. Mizuno, 1997. Molecular characterization and cytological mapping of a non-repetitive DNA sequence region from the W chromosome of chicken and its use as a universal probe for sexing carinate birds. Chromosome Res. 5: 93–101.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Ohno, S., 1967. Sex Chromosomes and Sex-linked Genes. Springer, Berlin.
  Google Scholar
• O'Neill, M., M. Binder, C. Smith, J. Andrews, K. Reed, M. Smith, C. Millar, D. Lambert & A. Sinclair, 2000. ASW: a gene with conserved avian W-linkage and female specific expression in chick embryonic gonad. Dev. Genes Evol. 219: 243–249.
  Google Scholar
• Parry, H.D. & L. Alphey, 1995. The utilization of cloned DNAs. in DNA Cloning: 1 Core Techniques, edited by D.M. Glover & B.D. Hames. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  Google Scholar
• Pigozzi, M.I. & A.J. Solari, 1997. Extreme axial equalization and wide distribution of recombination nodules in the primitive ZW pair of Rhea americana (Aves, Ratitae). Chromosome Res. 5: 421–428.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Pigozzi, M.I. & A.J. Solari, 1999. The ZW pairs of two paleognath birds from two orders show transitional W chromosome differentiation. Chromosome Res. 7: 541–551.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Sanger, F., S. Nicklen & A.R. Coulson, 1977. DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 5463–5467.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Swofford, D.L., 1998. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 4.0 b2. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, USA.
  Google Scholar
• Tajima, E. & M. Nei. 1984. Estimation of evolutionary distance between nucleotide sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 1: 269–285.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Thompsson, J.D., T.J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin & D.G. Higgins, 1997. The ClustalX interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aide by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 4876–4882.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Van Tuinen, M. & S.B. Hedges, 2001. Calibration of avian molecular clocks. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18: 206–213.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Van Tuinen, M., G.C. Sibley & S.B. Hedges, 1998. Phylogeny and biogeography of ratite birds inferred from DNA sequences of the mitochondrial ribosomal genes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15: 370–376.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Vondergon, T.L. & M. Reitman, 1994. Evolution of chicken repeat 1 (CR1) elements: evidence for ancient subfamilies and multiple progenitors. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11: 886–898.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Zon, L.I., D.M. Durfman & S.H. Orkin, 1991. The polymerase chain reaction miniprep. Biotechniques 7: 696–698.
  Google Scholar

Download references