HIV-1 Nef mediates lymphocyte chemotaxis and activation by infected macrophages (original) (raw)

• Gartner, S. et al. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection. Science 233, 215–219 (1986).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wiley, C.A., Schrier, R.D., Nelson, J.A., Lampert, P.W. & Oldstone, M.B.A. Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 7089–7093 (1986).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Koenig, S. et al. Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy. Science 233, 1089–1093 (1986).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Orenstein, J.M., Fox, C. & Wahl, S.M. Macrophages as a source of HIV during opportunistic infections. Science 276, 1857–1861 ( 1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Veazey, R.S. et al. The gastrointestinal tract as a major site of CD4+ T cell depletion and viral replication in SIV infection. Science 280, 427–431 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Alkhatib, G. et al. CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science 272, 1955–1958 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Deng, H. et al. Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature 381, 661–666 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Choe, H. et al. The β-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. Cell 85, 1135 –1148 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Dragic, T. et al. HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature 381, 667–673 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Doranz, B.J. et al. A dual-tropic primary HIV-1 isolate that uses fusin and the βchemokine receptors CKR-5, CKR-3, and CKR-2b as fusion cofactors. Cell 85, 1149–1158 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Liu, R. et al. Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 86, 367–377 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wu, L. et al. CCR5 levels and expression pattern correlate with infectability by macrophage-tropic HIV-1, in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 185, 1681–1691 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wolfs, T.F.W., Zwart, G., Bakker, M. & Goudsmit, J. HIV-1 genomic RNA diversification following sexual and parenteral virus transmission. Virology 189, 103–110 ( 1992).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Keet, I.P.M. et al. Predictors of rapid progression to AIDS in HIV-1 seroconverters. AIDS 7, 51–57 (1993).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zhu, T. et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 in patients with primary infection. Science 261, 1179– 1181 (1993).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Lewis, P.F. & Emerman, M. Passage through mitosis is required for oncoretroviruses but not for the human immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 68, 510–516 ( 1994).
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Roe, T., Reynolds, T.C., Yu, G. & Brown, P.O. Integration of murine leukemia virus DNA depends on mitosis. EMBO J. 12, 2099–2108 (1993).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Weinberg, J.B., Matthews, T.J., Cullen, B.R. & Malim, M.H. Productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of nonproliferating human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 174, 1477– 1482 (1991).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Heinzinger, N. et al. The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7311– 7315 (1994).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Fletcher, T.M. et al. Nuclear import and cell cycle arrest functions of the HIV-1 Vpr protein are encoded by two separate genes in HIV-2/SIMSM. EMBO J. 15, 6155–6165 ( 1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Gallay, P., Hope, T., Chin, D. & Trono, D. HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9825–9830 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Vodicka, M.A., Koepp, D.M., Silver, P.A. & Emerman, M. HIV-1 Vpr interacts with the nuclear transport pathway to promote macrophage infection. Genes Dev. 12, 175– 185 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hirsch, V.M. et al. Vpx is required for dissemination and pathogenesis of SIV SM PBj: evidence of macrophage-dependent viral amplification. Nature Med. 4, 1401–1408 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Gruber, M.F., Weih, K.A., Boone, E.J., Smith, P.D. & Clouse, K.A. Endogenous macrophage CSF production is associated with viral replication in HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. J. Immunol. 154, 5528– 5535 (1995).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Naldini, L. et al. In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral vector. Science 272, 263–267 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• van Kooten, C. & Banchereau, J. Functions of CD40 on B cells, dendritic cells and other cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9, 330–337 ( 1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Alderson, M.R. et al. CD40 expression by human monocytes: regulation by cytokines and activation of monocytes by the ligand for CD40. J. Exp. Med. 178, 669–674 ( 1993).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zack, J.A. The role of the cell cycle in HIV-1 infection. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 374, 27–31 ( 1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sasseville, V.G. et al. Chemokine expression in simian immunodeficiency virus-induced AIDS encephalitis. Am. J. Pathol. 149, 1459 –1467 (1996).
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Kestler III, H.W. et al. Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS. Cell 65, 651–662 (1991).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Deacon, N.J. et al. Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients. Science 270, 988–991 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kirchhoff, F., Greenough, T.C., Brettler, D.B., Sullivan, J.L. & Desrosiers, R.C. Brief report: absence of intact nef sequences in a long-term survivor with nonprogressive HIV-1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 228– 232 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Garcia, J.V. & Miller, A.D. Serine phosphorylation independent downregulation of cell-surface CD4 by Nef. Nature 350 , 508–511 (1991).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Collins, K.L., Chen, B.K., Kalams, S.A., Walker, B.D. & Baltimore, D. HIV-1 Nef protein protects infected primary cells against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nature 391, 397–401 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Stevenson, M. Pathway to understanding AIDS. Nature Struct. Biol. 3, 303–306 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Dairaghi, D.J. et al. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta induces migration and activation of human thymocytes. Blood 91, 2905–2913 (1998).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Neote, K., DiGregorio, D., Mak, J.Y., Horuk, R. & Schall, T.J. Molecular cloning, functional expression, and signaling characteristics of a C-C chemokine receptor. Cell 72, 415–425 ( 1993).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Taub, D.D., Conlon, K., Lloyd, A.R., Oppenheim, J.J. & Kelvin, D.J. Preferential migration of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta. Science 260, 355–358 (1993).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ullum, H. et al. Production of β-chemokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Evidence that high levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β are associated with a decreased risk of HIV disease progression. J. Infect. Dis. 177, 331–336 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Esser, R., Glienke, W., von Briesen, H., Rubsamen-Waigmann, H. & Andreesen, R. Differential regulation of proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines in human macrophages after infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Blood 88, 3474–3481 (1996).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Zou, W. et al. Early cytokine and chemokine gene expression in lymph nodes of macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus is predictive of disease outcome and vaccine efficacy. J. Virol. 71, 1227 –1236 (1997).
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Schmidtmayerova, H. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection alters chemokine β peptide expression in human monocytes: implications for recruitment of leukocytes into brain and lymph nodes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 700–704 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Canque, B. et al. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha is induced by human immunodeficiency virus infection of monocyte-derived macrophages. Blood 87, 2011–2019 ( 1996).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Cocchi, F. et al. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T Cells. Science 270, 1811–1815 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Jansson, M. et al. Sensitivity to inhibition by beta-chemokines correlates with biological phenotypes of primary HIV-1 isolates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 15382–15387 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kalter, D.C. et al. Enhanced HIV replication in macrophage colony-stimulating factor-treated monocytes. J. Immunol. 146, 298–306 (1991).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• van Kooten, C. & Banchereau, J. Immune regulation by CD40-CD40-l interactions. Front. Biosci. 2, d1–d11 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wahl, L.M. et al. Isolation of human mononuclear cell subsets by counterflow centrifugal elutriation. Cell. Immunol. 85, 373–383 (1984).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zhou, L.J. & Tedder, T.F. A distinct pattern of cytokine gene expression by human CD83+ blood dendritic cells. Blood 86, 3295–3301 (1995).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• McKnight, A. et al. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus fusion by a monoclonal antibody to a coreceptor (CXCR-4) is both cell type and virus strain dependent. J. Virol. 71, 1692–1696 (1997).
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• McGrory, W.J., Bautista, D.S. & Graham, F.L. A simple technique for the rescue of early region I mutations into infectious human adenovirus type 5. Virology 163, 614–617 (1988).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hitt, M., Bett, A.J., Addison, C.L., Prevec, L. & Graham, F.L. Techniques for human adenovirus vector construction and characterization. Methods Mol. Genet. 7, 13–30 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar