Constraining the atmospheric N2O budget from intramolecular site preference in N2O isotopomers (original) (raw)

• Houghton, J. T. et al. (eds) Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change (Cambridge University Press, 1995).
  Google Scholar
• Yoshida, N. & Matsuo, S. Nitrogen isotope ratio of atmospheric N2O as a key to the global cycle of N2O. Geochem. J. 17, 231–239 (1983).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Yoshida, N. _et al._15N/14N ratio of dissolved N 2O in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Nature 307, 442–444 (1984).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Yoshida, N. 15N-depleted N2O as a product of nitrification. Nature 335, 528–529 ( 1988).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Yoshida, N. et al. Nitrification rates and 15N abundances of N 2O and NO-3 in the western North Pacific. Nature 342, 895–897 (1989).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Yamazaki, T., Yoshida, N., Wada, E. & Matsuo, S. N2O reduction by Azotobacter vinelandii with emphasis on kinetic isotope effects. Plant Cell Physiol. 28, 263– 271 (1987).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Ueda, S., Ogura, N. & Wada, E. Nitrogen isotope ratio of groundwater N2O. Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 1449–1452 (1991).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Wahlen, M. & Yoshinari, T. Oxygen isotope ratios in N 2O from different environments. Nature 313, 780–782 (1985).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Kim, K. -R. & Craig, H. Two-isotope characterization of N 2O in the Pacific Ocean and constraints on its origin in deep water. Nature 347, 58–61 (1990).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Kim, K. -R. & Craig, H. Nitrogen-15 and oxygen-18 characteristics of nitrous oxide: A global perspective. Science 262 , 1855–1857 (1993).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Inoue, H. Y. & Mook, W. G. Equilibrium and kinetic nitrogen and oxygen isotope fractionations between dissolved and gaseous N2O. Chem. Geol. 113, 135–148 (1994).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Tanaka, N. et al. High precision mass spectrometric analysis of isotopic abundance ratios in nitrous oxide by direct injection of N2O. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 142, 163– 175 (1995).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Yoshinari, T. et al. Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of N2O from suboxic waters of the eastern tropical North Pacific and the Arabian Sea –measurement by continuous-flow isotope-ratio monitoring. Mar. Chem. 56, 253–264 ( 1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rahn, T. & Wahlen, M. Stable isotope enrichment in stratospheric nitrous oxide. Science 278, 1776– 1778 (1997).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Dore, J. E., Popp, B. N., Karl, D. M. & Sansone, F. J. A large source of atmospheric nitrous oxide from subtropical North Pacific surface waters. Nature 396, 63–66 (1998).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Thiemens, M. H. & Trogler, W. C. Nylon production: An unknown source of atmospheric nitrous oxide. Science 251, 932–934 (1991).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Cliff, S. S. & Thiemens, M. H. High-precision isotopic determination of the 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in nitrous oxide. Anal. Chem. 66 , 2791–2793 (1994).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Cliff, S. S. & Thiemens, M. H. The 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in atmospheric nitrous oxide: A mass-independent anomaly. Science 278, 1774–1776 (1997).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Cliff, S. S., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. & Thiemens, M. H. First measurement of the 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in stratospheric nitrous oxide: A mass independent anomaly. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 16171–16175 (1999).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Rahn, T., Zhang, H., Wahlen, M. & Blake, G. A. Stable isotope fractionation during ultraviolet photolysis of N2O. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 4489–4492 (1998).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Yung Y. L. & Miller, C. E. Isotopic fractionation of stratospheric nitrous oxide. Science 278, 1778– 1780 (1997).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Johnston, J. C., Cliff, S. S. & Thiemens, M. H. Measurement of multioxygen isotopic (δ18O and δ17O) fractionation factors in the stratospheric sink reactions of nitrous oxide. J. Geophys. Res. 100 , 16801–116804 (1995).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Holton, J. R. On the global exchange of mass between the stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 47, 392–395 (1990).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Kroeze, C, Mosier, A. & Bouwman, L. Closing the global N2O budget: A retrospective analysis 1500–1994. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 13, 1–8 (1999).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Zipf, E. C. & Prasad, S. S. Experimental evidence that excited ozone is a source of nitrous oxide. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 4333–4336 (1998).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Friedman, L. & Bigeleisen, J. Oxygen and nitrogen isotope effects in the decomposition of ammonium nitrate. J. Chem. Phys. 18, 1325–1331 (1950).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Begun, G. M. & Landau, L. Mass spectra and metastable transitions in isotopic nitrous oxide. J. Chem. Phys. 35, 547–551 (1961).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Richardson, W. S. & Wilson, E. B. Jr The infra-red spectrum of 15N14NO and the force constants of nitrous oxide. J. Chem. Phys. 18, 694 –696 (1950).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Toyoda, S. & Yoshida, N. Determination of nitrogen isotopomers of nitrous oxide on a modified isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 71, 4711–4718 (1999).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. & Röckmann, T. Mass spectrometry of the intra-molecular nitrogen isotope distribution of environmental nitrous oxide using fragment-ion analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13, 2028–2033 ( 1999).
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar