Parallel evolution of virulence in pathogenic Escherichia coli (original) (raw)

References

  1. Guttman, D. S. & Dykhuizen, D. E. Clonal divergence in Escherichia coli as a result of recombination, not mutation. Science 266, 1380–1383 (1994).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  2. Milkman, R. in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology 2nd edn (eds Neidhardt, F. C. et al.) 2663–2684 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 1996).
    Google Scholar
  3. Lawrence, J. G. & Ochman, H. Molecular archaeology of the Escherichia coli genome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 9413–9417 ( 1998).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  4. Nataro, J. P. & Kaper, J. B. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11, 142– 201 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  5. Whittam, T. S. et al. Clonal relationships among Escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis and infantile diarrhea. Infect. Immun. 61, 1619–1629 ( 1993).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  6. Jakobsen, I. B. & Easteal, S. A program for calculating and displaying compatibility matrices as an aid in determining reticulate evolution in molecular sequences. CABIOS 12, 291–295 (1996).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  7. Wang, F. S., Whittam, T. S. & Selander, R. K. Evolutionary genetics of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (icd) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. J. Bacteriol. 179, 6551– 6559 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  8. Bandelt, H. J. & Dress, A. W. M. Split decomposition: a new and useful approach to phylogenetic analysis of distance data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1, 242–252 (1992).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  9. Dopazo, J., Dress, A. & von Haeseler, A. Split decomposition: a technique to analyze viral evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10320– 10324 (1993).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  10. Holmes, E. C., Urwin, R. & Maiden, M. C. The influence of recombination on the population structure and evolution of the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 741–749 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  11. Takezaki, N., Rzhetsky, A. & Nei, M. Phylogenetic test of the molecular clock and linearized trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12, 823– 833 (1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  12. Li, W.-H. Molecular Evolution (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Masschusetts, 1997).
    Google Scholar
  13. Feng, P., Lampel, K. A., Karch, H. & Whittam, T. S. Genetic and phenotypic changes in the emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Infect. Dis. 177, 1750–1753 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  14. Karch, H. in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains (eds Kaper, J. B. & O'Brien, A. D.) 183–194 (ASM, Washington DC, 1998).
    Google Scholar
  15. Newland, J. W. & Neill, R. J. DNA probes for Shiga-like toxins I and II and for toxin-converting bacteriophages. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26, 1292–1297 (1988).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  16. Schmidt, H., Beutin, L. & Karch, H. Molecular analysis of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL 933. Infect. Immun. 63, 1055–1061 (1995).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  17. Schmidt, H. & Karch, H. Enterohemolytic phenotypes and genotypes of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111 strains from patients with diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 2364–2367 ( 1996).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  18. Boyd, E. F. & Hartl, D. L. Chromosomal regions specific to pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli have a phylogenetically clustered distribution. J. Bacteriol. 180, 1159– 1165 (1998).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  19. Wieler, L. H., McDaniel, T. K., Whittam, T. S. & Kaper, J. B. Insertion site of the locus of enterocyte effacement in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli differs in relation to the clonal phylogeny of strains. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 156, 49–53 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  20. Sperandio, V. et al. Characterization of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in different enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 164, 133–139 ( 1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  21. McGraw, E. A., Li, J., Selander, R. K. & Whittam, T. S. Molecular evolution and mosaic structure of α, β, and γ intimins of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Mol. Evol. Biol. 16, 12–22 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  22. LeClerc, J. E., Li, B., Payne, W. L. & Cebula, T. A. High mutation frequencies among Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens. Science 274, 1208–1211 (1996).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  23. Karaolis, D. K., Somara, S., Maneval, D. R., Jr., Johnson, J. A. & Kaper, J. B. A bacteriophage encoding a pathogenicity island, a type-IV pilus and a phage receptor in cholera bacteria. Nature 399, 375–379 (1999).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  24. Whittam, T. S. in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains (eds Kaper, J. B. & O'Brien, A. D.) 195– 209 (ASM, Washington DC, 1998).
    Google Scholar
  25. Reid, S. D., Betting, D. J. & Whittam, T. S. Molecular detection and identification of intimin alleles in pathogenic Escherichia coli by multiplex PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 2719–2722 (1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  26. Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4673–4680 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  27. Huson, D. H. SplitsTree: analyzing and visualizing evolutionary data. Bioinformatics 14, 68–73 ( 1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  28. Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M. MEGA: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis, version 1.0. (Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ. Park, Pennsylvannia, 1993).
    Google Scholar
  29. Felsenstein, J. PHYLIP—Phylogeny inference package (version 3.2). Cladistics 5, 164–166 ( 1989).
    Google Scholar

Download references