The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate (original) (raw)

References

  1. Manabe, S. & Wetherald, R. T. J. atmos. Sci. 24, 241–259 (1967).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  2. Raval, A. & Ramanathan, V. Nature 342, 758–761 (1989).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  3. Chahine, M. T. Eos 73, 9, 13–14 (1992).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  4. World Climate Research Programme Scientific Plan for the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment, WCRP-40 (WCRP, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990).
  5. National Research Council Global Change in the Geosphere-Biosphere, 91 (National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1986).
  6. Bolin, B., Döös, B. R., Jäger, J. & Warrick, R. A. (eds) The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change and Ecosystems (Wiley, New York, 1986).
  7. Arking, A. Bull. Am. met. Soc. 71, 795–813 (1991).
    Article Google Scholar
  8. Mitchell, J. F. B., Senior, C. A. & Ingram, W. J. Nature 341, 132–134 (1989).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  9. Schneider, S. H. J. atmos. Sci. 29, 1413–1422 (1972).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  10. Wetherald, R. T. & Manabe, S. J. atmos. Sci. 45, 1397–1415 (1988).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  11. Hansen, J. et al. Climate Process and Climate Sensitivity, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 29 (eds Hansen, J. E. & Takahashi, T.) 130–163 (Am. geophys. Un., Washington DC, 1984).
    Google Scholar
  12. Somerville, R. C. & Remer, L. A. J. geophys. Res. 89, 9668–9672 (1984).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  13. Roeckner, E., Schlese, U., Biercamp, J. & Loewe, P. Nature 329, 138–140 (1987).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  14. Charlock, T. P. Tellus 34, 245–254 (1982).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  15. Mooney, H. A., Vitousek, P. M. & Matson, P. A. Science 238, 926–932 (1987).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  16. Wigley, T. M. L. Nature 349, 503–506 (1991).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  17. Charlson, R. J. et al. Science 255, 423–430 (1992).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  18. Penner, J. E., Dickinson, R. E. & O'Neill, C. A. Science 256, 1432–1434 (1992).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  19. Ramanathan, V. & Collins, W. Nature 351, 27–32 (1991).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  20. Wallace, J. M. Nature 357, 230–231 (1992).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  21. Fu, R., Del Genio, A. D., Rossow, W. B. & Liu, W. T. Nature 358, 394–397 (1992).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  22. Susskind, J., Rosenfield, J., Reuter, D. & Chahine, M. T. J. geophys. Res. 89, 4677–4697 (1984).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  23. Chahine, M. T. J. atmos. Sci. 39, 159–170 (1982).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  24. Lindzen, R. S. Bull. Am. met. Soc. 71, 288–299 (1990).
    Article Google Scholar
  25. Rind, D. et al. Nature 349, 500–503 (1991).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  26. Barnett, T. P., Haskins, R. & Chahine, M. Adv. Space Res. 11, (3)37–(3)44 (1991).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  27. Elliot, W. P. & Gaffen, D. J. Bull. Am. met. Soc. 72, 1507–1520 (1991).
    Article Google Scholar
  28. Kaplan, L. D., Chahine, M. T., Susskind, J. & Searl, J. E. Appl. Optics 16, 322–325 (1977).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  29. Rasmusson, E. M., Ropelewski, C. F. & Halpert, M. S. in Tropical Rainfall Measurements (eds Theon, J. & Fugono, N.) 13–25 (Deepak, Hampton Virginia, 1988).
    Google Scholar
  30. Madden, R. A. & Julian, P. R. J. atmos. Sci. 29, 1109–1123 (1972).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  31. Lau, K. M. & Chan, P. H. J. atmos. Sci. 44, 950–972 (1988).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  32. Newell, R. E. & Gould-Stewart, S. J. atmos. Sci. 38, 2789–2796 (1981).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  33. Charney, J. G. Q. Jl R. met. Soc. 101, 193–202 (1975).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  34. Simpson, J. in Earth Observations and Global Change Decision Making (eds Ginsberg, I. & Angelo, J.) 293–298 (Krieger, Malabar Florida, 1989).
    Google Scholar
  35. Simpson, J. in 2nd Symp. Global Change Studies, 5–10 (Am. met. Soc., Boston Massachusetts, 1991).
    Google Scholar
  36. Simpson, J., Adler, R. F. & North, G. Bull. Am. met Soc. 69, 305–331 (1988).
    Article Google Scholar
  37. Pitman, A. J., Henderson-Sellers, A. & Yang, Z.-L. Nature 346, 734–737 (1990).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  38. Boecker, W. S., Peteet, D. M. & Rind, D. Nature 315, 21–25 (1985).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  39. Dickson, R. R., Melncke, J., Malmberg, S. & Lee, A. Prog. Oceanogr. 20, 103–151 (1988).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  40. Liu, W. T. & Niiler, P. P. J. geophys. Res. 95, 9749–9753 (1990).
    Google Scholar
  41. Schmitt, R. W., Bogden, P. S. & Dorman, C. E. J. phys. Oceanogr. 19, 1208–1221 (1989).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  42. Vonder Haar, T. H. in Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, Proc. int. Radiation Symp, Lille, France (eds Lenoble, J. & Geleyn, J.-F.) 342–344 (Deepak, Hampton, Virginia, 1989).
    Google Scholar
  43. Bryden, H. L., Roemmich, D. H. & Church, J. A. Deep Sea Res. 38, 297–324 (1991).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  44. Peixoto, J. P. & Oort, A. H. in Variations of the Global Water Budget (eds Street-Perrott, A., Beran, M. & Ratcliffe, R.) 5–65 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1983).
    Book Google Scholar
  45. Stephens, G. L., Campbell, G. G. & Vonder Haar, T. H. J. geophys. Res. 86, 9739–9760 (1981).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  46. Cohen, J. & Rind, D. J. Clim. 4, 689–706 (1991).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  47. Shukla, J. & Mintz, Y. Science 215, 1498–1500 (1982).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  48. Manabe, S. Mon. Weath. Rev. 97, 739–774 (1969).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  49. Dooge, J. C. I. in Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models (ed. Eagleson, P. S.) 243–288 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982).
    Google Scholar
  50. Hansen, J. et al. Mon. Weath. Rev. 111, 609–662 (1983).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  51. Dickinson, R. E. Am. geophys. Un. Geophys. Monogr. 29, 58–72 (1984).
    Google Scholar
  52. Sellers, P. J., Mintz, Y., Sud, Y. C. & Dalcher, A. J. atmos. Sci. 43, 505–531 (1986).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  53. Moore, B. III et al. in Global Ecology (eds Rambler, E., Margulis, L. & Sagan, D.) 113–141 (Academic, Boston, Massachusetts, 1989).
    Google Scholar
  54. Dickinson, R. E., Henderson-Sellers, A., Kennedy, P. J. & Wilson, M. F. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-275 + STR (NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, 1986).
  55. Deardorff, J. W. J. geophys. Res. 83, 1889–1903 (1978).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  56. Dickinson, R. E. & Henderson-Sellers, A. Q. Jl R. met. Soc. 114, 439–462 (1988).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  57. Lean, J. & Warrilow, D. A. Nature 342, 411–413 (1989).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  58. Shukla, J., Nobre, C. & Sellers, P. Science 247, 1322–1325 (1990).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  59. Rind, D., Rosenzweig, C. & Goldberg, R. Nature 358, 119–122 (1992).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  60. Sellers, P. J., Hall, F. G., Asrar, G., Strebel, D. E. & Murphy, R. E. Bull. Am. met. Soc. 69, 22–27 (1988).
    Article Google Scholar
  61. Press, F. Opportunities in the Hydrological Sciences (foreword) (Natn. Acad. Press, Washington DC, 1991).
    Google Scholar
  62. National Research Council, Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences (Natn Acad. Press, Washington DC, 1991).

Download references