Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the last glacial period (original) (raw)
References
Sarmiento, J. L. & Toggweiler, R. Anew model for the role of the oceans in determining atmospheric p CO 2 Nature308, 621–624 (1984). ADSCAS Google Scholar
Siegenthaler, U. & Wenk, T. Rapid atmospheric CO2variations and ocean circulation. Nature308, 624–626 (1984). ADSCAS Google Scholar
Knox, F. & McElroy, M. B. Changes in atmospheric CO2: Influence of the marine biota at high latitude. J. Geophys. Res.89, 4629–4637 (1984). Google Scholar
Toggweiler, R. & Sarmiento, J. L. in The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations Archean to Present (eds Sundquist, E. T. & Broecker, W. S.) 163–184 (Vol. 32, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., Am. Geophys. Union, Washington DC, (1985)). Google Scholar
Wenk, T. & Siegenthaler, U. in The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations Archean to Present (eds Sundquist, E. T. & Broecker, W. S.) 185–194 (Vol. 32, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., Am. Geophys. Union, Washington DC, (1985)). Google Scholar
Knox-Ennever, F. & McElroy, M. B. in The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations Archean to Present (eds Sundquist, E. T. & Broecker, W. S.) 154–162 (Vol. 32, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., Am. Geophys. Union, Washington DC, (1985)). Google Scholar
Kumar, N. et al. Increased biological productivity and export production in the glacial southern ocean. Nature378, 675–680 (1995). ADSCAS Google Scholar
Altabet, M. A. et al. Seasonal and depth-related changes in the source of sinking particles in the North Atlantic detected using 15N/14N ratios. Nature354, 136–139 (1991). ADS Google Scholar
Francois, R., Altabet, M. A. & Burckle, L. D. Glacial to interglacial changes in surface nitrate utilization in the Indian sector of the southern ocean as recorded by sediment δ15N. Paleoceanography7, 589–606 (1992). Google Scholar
Altabet, M. A. & Francois, R. Sedimentary nitrogen isotopic ratio as a recorder for surface ocean nitrate utilization. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles8, 103–116 (1994). Google Scholar
Altabet, M. A. & Francois, R. in Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean's Role in Global Change (eds Zahn, R., Pedersen, T. F., Kaminski, M. & Labeyrie, L. D.) 281–306 (Vol. 17, NATO AST Ser. I, Springer, Berlin, (1994)). Google Scholar
Mortlock, R. A. et al. Evidence for lower productivity in the Antarctic Ocean during the last glaciation. Nature351, 220–223 (1991). ADS Google Scholar
Charles, C. D. et al. Biogenic opal in southern ocean sediments over the last 450,000 years: Implications for surface water chemistry and circulation. Paleoceanography6, 697–728 (1991). Google Scholar
Bareille, G. et al. Biogenic silica accumulation rate during the Holocene in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Mar. Chem.35, 537–551 (1991). Google Scholar
Suman, D. O. & Bacon, M. P. Variations in Holocene sedimentation in the North American basin determined from 230Th measurements. Deep-Sea Res.36, 869–878 (1989). Google Scholar
Francois, R., Bacon, M. P. & Suman, D. O. Thorium-230 profiling in deep-sea sediments: High-resolution records of flux and dissolution of carbonate in the equatorial Atlantic during the last 24,000 years. Paleoceanography5, 761–787 (1990). Google Scholar
Kumar, N. et al. 231Pa/230Th ratios in sediments as a proxy for the past changes in southern ocean productivity. Nature362, 45–48 (1993). ADSCAS Google Scholar
van Bennekom, A. J. et al. Primary productivity and the silica cycle in the southern ocean (Atlantic sector). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.67, 19–30 (1988). Google Scholar
Frank, M. Reconstruction of late Quaternary environmental conditions applying the natural radionuclides 230Th, 10Be, 231Pa and 238U: A study of deep-sea sediments from the eastern sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system.Thesis, Heidelberg Univ.((1995)).
Burckle, L. H. Diatom distribution and paleoceanographic reconstruction in the southern ocean: Implications for late Quaternary paleoceanography. Mar. Micropaleontol.9, 241–261 (1984). Google Scholar
Morley, J. J. Variations in high-latitude oceanographic fronts in the southern Indian Ocean: An estimation based on faunal changes. Paleoceanography4, 547–554 (1989). Google Scholar
Sullivan, C. W. et al. Distribution of phytoplankton blooms in the southern ocean. Science262, 1832–1837 (1993). Google Scholar
Bacon, M. P. Tracers of chemical scavenging in the ocean: boundary effects and large scale chemical fractionation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A320, 187–200 (1988). Google Scholar
Anderson, R. F. et al. Boundary scavenging in the Pacific Ocean: a comparison of 10Be and 231Pa. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.96, 287–304 (1990). Google Scholar
Yu, E.-F. Variations in the particulate flux of 230Th and 231Pa and paleoceanographic applications of the 231Pa/230Th ratio.Thesis, WHOI-MIT((1994)).
Walter, H.-J., Rutgers van der Loeff, M. M. & Hoeltzen, H. Enhanced scavenging of 231Pa relative to 230Th in the south Atlantic south of the Polar Front: Implications for the use of the 231Pa/230Th ratio as a paleoproductivity proxy. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.149, 85–100 (1997). Google Scholar
Yu, E.-F., Francois, R. & Bacon, M. P. Similar rates of modern and last-glacial ocean thermohaline circulation inferred from radiochemical data. Nature379, 689–694 (1996). ADSCAS Google Scholar
Klinkhammer, G. & Palmer, M. R. Uranium in the oceans, where it goes and why. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta55, 1799–1806 (1991). Google Scholar
Bareille, G. et al. Glacial-Interglacial changes in the accumulation rates of major biogenic components in southern Indian Ocean sediments. J. Mar. Syst. (in the press).
Dymond, J., Suess, E. & Lyle, M. Barium in deep-sea sediment: A geochemical indicator of paleoproductivity. Paleoceanography7, 163–181 (1992). Google Scholar
Francois, R. et al. Biogenic Ba fluxes to the deep-sea: Implications for the paleoproductivity reconstruction. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles9, 289–303 (1995). Google Scholar
Nurnberg, C. C. Bariumfluss und sedimentation im sudlichen Sudatlantik-Hinweise auf produktivitatsanderungen im Quartar.Thesis, Kiel Univ.((1995)).
Sigman, D. M. et al. in _ASLO, Aquatic Sci. Meeting Abstr._Santa Fe, New Mexico, 304 ((1997)). Google Scholar
Sigman, D. M. The role of biological production in Pleistocene atmospheric carbon dioxide variations and the nitrogen isotope dynamics of the Southern Ocean.Thesis, WHOI-MIT((1997)).
GEOSECS Sections and Profiles (National Science Foundation, WashingtonD, (1982)).
Sigman, D. M. et al. Diatom microfossil nitrogen isotopic composition supports the hypothesis of higher nitrate utilization in the glacial southern ocean. Eos78, S190 (1997). Google Scholar
Shemesh, A. et al. Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the glacial southern ocean. Science262, 407–410 (1993). Google Scholar
Morley, J. J. & Hays, J. D. Oceanographic conditions associated with the high abundance of radiolarian Cyclodophora davisiana. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.66, 63–72 (1983). Google Scholar
Yang, J. & Honjo, S. J. Modeling the near-freezing dichothermal layer in the sea of Okhotsk and its interannual variations. J. Geophys. Res.101, 16421–16433 (1996). Google Scholar
Kohfeld, K. E., Fairbanks, R. G., Smith, S. L., Walsh, I. D. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral coiling) as paleoceanographic tracers in polar oceans: Evidence from Northeast Water Polynya plankton tows, sediment traps and surface sediments. Paleoceanography11, 679–700 (1996). Google Scholar
Charles, C. D. & Fairbanks, R. G. in Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic (eds Bleil, U. & Thiede, J.) 519–538 (Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, (1990)). Google Scholar
Sigman, D. & McCorkle, D. Comparing the closed and open system effects of changes in low latitude biological production using a reservoir model of the ocean carbon cycle. Eos75, 367 (1994). Google Scholar
Keir, R. S. On the late Pleistocene ocean geochemistry and circulation. Paleoceanography3, 413–445 (1988). Google Scholar
Lynch-Stieglitz, J., van Geen, A. & Fairbanks, R. G. Interocean exchange of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water: Evidence from Subantarctic Cd/Ca and carbon isotope measurements. Paleoceanography11, 191–202 (1996). Google Scholar
Michel, E. et al. Could deep Subantarctic convection feed the world deep basins during the last glacial maximum? Paleoceanography10, 927–942 (1995). Google Scholar
Kellogg, T. B. Glacial-Interglacial changes in global deepwater circulation. Paleoceanography2, 259–271 (1987). Google Scholar
McCorkle, D. C. et al. Evidence of a dissolution effect on benthic foraminiferal shell chemistry: δ13C, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Sr/Ca results from the Ontong Java Plateau. Paleoceanography10, 699–714 (1995). Google Scholar
Howard, W. R. & Prell, W. L. Late Quaternary CaCO3production and preservation in the Southern Ocean: Implications for oceanic and atmospheric carbon cycling. Paleoceanography9, 453–482 (1994). Google Scholar
Bareille, G. Flux sedimentaires: paléproductivité et paléocirculation de l'Océan Austral au cours des 150,000 dernières années.Thesis, Univ. Bordeaux((1994)).