Autoinhibition by an internal nuclear localization signal revealed by the crystal structure of mammalian importin α (original) (raw)
Cole, C.N. & Hammel, C.M. Nucleocytoplasmic transport: driving and directing transport. Curr. Biol. 8, R368–R372 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gorlich, D. Transport into and out of the nucleus. EMBO J. 17, 2721–2727 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Imamoto, N., Kamei, Y. & Yoneda, Y. Nuclear transport factors: function, behavior and interaction. Eur. J. Histochem.42, 9– 20 (1998). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Izaurralde, E. & Adam, S. Transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. RNA4, 351 –364 (1998). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Mattaj, I.W. & Englmeier, L. Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the soluble phase. Annu. Rev. Biochem.67, 265 –306 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Melchior, F. & Gerace, L. Two-way trafficking with Ran. Trends Cell Biol.8, 175–179 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Moroianu, J. Distinct nuclear import and export pathways mediated by members of the karyopherin beta family. Cell. Biochem. 70, 231– 239 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ohno, M., Fornerod, M. & Mattaj, I.W. Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the last 200 nanometers. Cell92, 327–336 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Pemberton, L.F., Blobel, G. & Rosenblum, J.S. Transport routes through the nuclear pore complex. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10, 392– 399 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Weis, K. Importins and exportins: how to get in and out of the nucleus. Trends Biochem. Sci. 23, 185–189 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wozniak, R.W., Rout, M.P. & Aitchison, J.D. Karyopherins and kissing cousins. Trends Cell Biol.8, 184–188 ( 1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dingwall, C. & Laskey, R.A. Nuclear targeting sequences — a consensus? Trends Biochem. Sci.16, 478 –481 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gorlich, D., Henklein, P., Laskey, R.A. & Hartmann, E. A 41 amino acid motif in importin-alpha confers binding to importin-beta and hence transit into the nucleus. EMBO J.15, 1810–1817 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Weis, K., Ryder, U. & Lamond, A.I. The conserved amino-terminal domain of hSRP1 alpha is essential for nuclear protein import. EMBO J.15, 1818–1825 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Moroianu, J., Blobel, G. & Radu, A. The binding site of karyopherins alpha for karyopherin beta overlaps with a nuclear localization sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA93, 6572–6576 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Peifer, M., Berg, S. & Reynolds, A.B. A repeating amino acid motif shared by proteins with diverse cellular roles. Cell76, 789– 791 (1996). Article Google Scholar
Huber, A.H., Nelson, W.J. & Weis, W.I. Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin. Cell90, 871– 882 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Andrade, M.A. & Bork, P. HEAT repeats in the Huntington's disease protein. Nat. Genet.11, 115– 116 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Malik, H.S., Eickbush, T.H. & Goldfarb, D.S. Evolutionary specialization of the nuclear targeting apparatus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA94, 13738–13742 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Conti, E., Uy, M., Leighton, L., Blobel, G. & Kuriyan, J. Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localization signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherins alpha. Cell94, 193–204 ( 1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kobe, B. et al. Giant protein kinases: domain interactions and structural basis of autoregulation. EMBO J.15, 6810– 6821 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kussel, P. & Frasch, M. Yeast Srp1, a nuclear protein related to Drosophila and mouse pendulin, is required for normal migration, division, and integrity of nuclei during mitosis. Mol. Gen. Genet.248, 351–363 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kobe, B. & Deisenhofer, J. A structural basis of the interactions between leucine-rich repeats and protein ligands. Nature374, 183–186 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Barden, J.A., Sehgal, P. & Kemp, B.E. Structure of the pseudosubstrate recognition site of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1292, 106–112 ( 1996). Article Google Scholar
Kissinger, C.R. et al. Crystal structures of human calcineurin and the human FKBP12–FK506–calcineurin complex. Nature378, 641– 644 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Khan, A.R. & James, M.N.G. Molecular mechanisms for the conversion of zymogens to active proteolytic enzymes. Protein Sci.7, 815–836 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kobe, B. et al. Structural basis of autoregulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Nature Struct. Biol. in the press (1999 ).
Huber, J. et al. Snurportin1, an m3G-cap-specific nuclear import receptor with a novel domain structure. EMBO J.17, 4114 –4126 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Boche, I. & Fanning, E. Nucleocytoplasmic recycling of the nuclear localization signal receptors alpha subunit in vivo is dependent on a nuclear export signal, energy, and RCC1. J. Cell Biol.139, 313–325 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nigg, E.A. Nucleocytoplasmic transport: signals, mechanisms and regulation. Nature386, 779–787 ( 1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Makkerh, J.P.S., Dingwall, C. & Laskey, R.A. Comparative mutagenesis of nuclear localization signals reveals the importance of neutral and acidic amino acids. Curr. Biol.6, 1025–1027 ( 1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jans, D.A. & Hubner, S. Regulation of protein transport to the nucleus: central role of phosphorylation. Physiol. Rev.76, 651–685 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hubner, S., Xiao, C.Y. & Jans, D.A. The protein kinase CK2 site (Ser111/112) enhances recognition of the simian virus 40 large T-antigen nuclear localization sequence by importin. J. Biol. Chem.272, 17191– 17195 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ruediger, R., Hentz, M., Fait, J., Mumby, M. & Walter, G. Molecular model of the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: interaction with other subunits and tumor antigens. J. Virol.68, 123–129 ( 1994). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Tiganis, T., Flint, A.J., Adam, S.A. & Tonks, N.K. Association of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase with nuclear import factor p97. J. Biol. Chem.272, 21548–21557 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Henderson, B.R. & Percipalle, P. Interactions between HIV Rev and nuclear import and export factors: the Rev nuclear localisation signal mediates specific binding to human importin-beta. J. Mol. Biol.274, 693–707 ( 1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jones, E.Y. MHC class I and class II structures. Curr. Opin. Immunol.9, 75–79 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Teh, T., Tiganis, T. & Kobe, B. Crystallization of importin α, the nuclear import receptor. Acta Crystallogr.DD55, 561–536 (1999). CAS Google Scholar
Otwinowski, Z. & Minor, W. Processing of x-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode. Methods Enzymol.276, 307–326 ( 1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jones, T.A., Bergdoll, M. & Kjeldgaard, M. In Crystallographic and modeling methods in molecular design (eds Bugg, C.E. & Ealick, S.E.) 189– 195 (Springer-Verlag, New York; 1990). Book Google Scholar
DeLano, W.L. & Brünger, A.T. The direct rotation function: rotational Patterson correlation search applied to molecular replacement. Acta Crystallogr. D51, 740– 748 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Brünger, A.T. Free R value: a novel statistical quantity for assessing the accuracy of crystal structures. Nature355, 472– 475 (1992). Article Google Scholar
Lamzin, V.S. & Wilson, K.S. Automated refinement of protein models. Acta Crystallogr. D49, 129– 147 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Laskowski, R.A., MacArthur, M.W., Moss, D.S. & Thornton, J.M. PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr.26, 283– 291 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nicholls, A., Sharp, K.A. & Honig, B. Protein folding and association: insights from the interfacial and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons. Proteins11, 281–296 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kraulis, P. MOLSCRIPT: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr.24, 946 –950 (1991). Article Google Scholar
Merritt, E.A. & Murphy, M.E.P. Raster3D Version 2—a program for photorealistic molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr. D50, 869–873 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Esnouf, R.M. An extensively modified version of MolScript that includes greatly enhanced coloring capabilities. J. Mol. Graph.15, 133–138 (1997). Google Scholar
Lawrence, M.C. & Colman, P.M. Shape complementarity at protein/protein interfaces. J. Mol. Biol.234, 946–950 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wallace, A.C., Laskowski, R.A. & Thornton, J.M. LIGPLOT: a program to generate schematic diagrams of protein ligand interactions. Protein Eng.8, 127–134 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Chelsky, D., Ralph, R. & Jonak, G. Sequence requirements for synthetic peptide-mediated translocation to the nucleus. Mol. Cell. Biol.9, 2487 –2492 (1989). ArticleCAS Google Scholar