Galanin-1 receptor up-regulation mediates the excess colonic fluid production caused by infection with enteric pathogens (original) (raw)

References

  1. Hoyle, C.H. & Brunstock, G. Galanin-like immunoreactivity in enteric neurons of the human colon. J. Anat. 166, 23–33 (1989).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  2. Bauer, F.E. et al. Distribution and molecular heterogeneity of galanin in human, pig, guinea pig, and rat gastrointestinal tracts. Gastroenterology 91, 877–883 (1986).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  3. Hecht, G. et al. Pathogenic Escherichia coli increase Cl− secretion from intestinal epithelia by upregulating galanin-1 receptor expression. J. Clin. Invest. 104, 253–262. (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  4. Benya, R.V., Marrero, J.A., Ostrovskiy, D.A., Koutsouris, A., & Hecht, G. Human colonic epithelial cells express galanin-1 receptors which when activated cause Cl− secretion. Am. J. Physiol. 276, G64–G76 (1999).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  5. Zunjic, M., Savkovic, S.D., Koutsouris, A., & Hecht, G. Increased IL-8 expression induced by Salmonella, as compared to pathogenic E. coli, results from synergism between NF-κB and NF-IL6. Gastroenterology 112, A1128 (1997).
    Google Scholar
  6. Dyer, R.B., Collaco, C.R., Niesel, D.W., & Herzog, N.K. Shigella flexneri invasion of HeLa cells induces NF-κB DNA binding activity. Infect. Immun. 61, 4427–4433 (1993).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  7. Matkowskyj, K.A., Schonfeld, D., & Benya, R.V. Quantitative immunohistochemistry by measuring cumulative signal strength using commercially available software Photoshop and Matlab. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48, 303–311 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  8. Sacks, M. et al. Silica-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats: activation of NF-kappa B and its suppression by dexamethasone. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253, 181–184 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  9. Rosen, T. et al. Chronic antagonism of nuclear factor-kappa B activity in cytotrophoblasts by dexamethasone: a potential mechanism for antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids in human placenta. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 3647–3652 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  10. Wissink, S., van Heerde, E.C., vand der Burg, B. & van der Saag, P.T. A dual mechanism mediates repression of NF-kappa B activity by glucocorticoids. Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 355–363 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  11. Everest, P. et al. Evaluation of Salmonella typhimurium mutants in a model of experimental gastroenteritis. Infect. Immun. 67, 2815–2821. (1999).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  12. Peterson, J.W., Boldogh, I., Popov, V.L., Saini, S.S., & Chopra, A.K. Anti-inflammatory and antisecretory potential of histidine in _Salmonella_-challenged mouse small intestine. Lab. Invest. 78, 523–534. (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  13. Gallin, J.I. et al. Human neutrophil-specific granule deficiency: a model to assess the role of neutrophil-specific granules in the evolution of the inflammatory response. Blood 59, 1317–1329. (1982).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  14. Parkos, C.A., Delp, C., Arnaout, M.A., & Madara, J.L. Neutrophil migration across a cultured intestinal epithelium. Dependence on a CD11b/CD18-mediated event and enhanced efficiency in physiological direction. J. Clin. Invest. 88, 1605–1612. (1991).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  15. Lorimer, D.D. & Benya, R.V. Cloning and quantification of human galanin-1 receptor expression by mucosal cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222, 379–385 (1996).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  16. Tybulewicz, V.L.J., Crawford, C.E., Jackson, P.K., Bronson, R.T., & Mulligan, R.C. Neonatal lethality and lymphopenia in mice with a homozygous disruption of the c-abl proto-oncogene. Cell 65, 1153–1163 (1991).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  17. Davis, L., Kuehl, M. & Battey, J. Basic methods in molecular biology. (Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Connecticut 1994).
    Google Scholar
  18. Jasani, B. & Schmid, K.W. Immunocytochemistry in diagnostic histopathology. (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1993).
    Google Scholar
  19. Marrero J.A., Matkowskyj K.A., Yung K., Hecht G. & Benya, R.V. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis activates NF-κB and increases galanin-1 receptor expression. Am. J. Physiol. 278, G797–G810 (2000).
    CAS Google Scholar
  20. Waynforth, H.B. & Flecknell, P.A. Experimental and surgical technique in the rat. 1–372 (Academic Press, San Diego, California 1992).
    Google Scholar
  21. Castagliuolo, I. et al. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor is required in Clostridium difficile-induced enteritis. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 1547–1550 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar

Download references