A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Chadian Authorities (Ministère de l'Education Nationale de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Université de N'djaména, CNAR). We extend gratitude for their support to the French Ministries, Ministère Français de l'Education Nationale (Faculté des Sciences, Université de Poitiers), Ministère de la Recherche (CNRS), Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (Direction de la Coopération Scientifique, Universitaire et de Recherche, Paris, and SCAC Ambassade de France à N'djaména), to the Région Poitou-Charentes, the Département de la Vienne, the Association pour le Prix scientifique Philip Morris, and also to the Armée Française (MAM and Epervier) for logistic support. For giving us the opportunity to work with their collections, we are grateful to the National Museum of Ethiopia, the National Museum of Kenya, the Peabody Museum and Harvard University, the Institute of Human Origins and the University of California. Special thanks to Scanner-IRM Poitou Charentes (P. Chartier and F. Perrin), for industrial scanner to EMPA (A. Flisch Ing. HTL) and to Multimedia Laboratorium-Computer Department, University of Zurich-Irchel (P. Stucki). Many thanks to all our colleagues and friends for their help and discussion, and particularly to F. Clark Howell, A. Garaudel, Y. Haile-Selassie, D. Johanson, W. Kimbel, M. G. Leakey, D. Lieberman, R. Macchiarelli, M. Pickford, B. Senut, G. Suwa, T. White and Lubaka. We especially thank all the other MPFT members who joined us for the field missions, and V. Bellefet, S. Riffaut and J.-C. Bertrand for technical support. We are most grateful to G. Florent for administrative guidance. We dedicate this article to J. D. Clark. All authors are members of the MPFT.

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Faculté des Sciences et CNRS UMR 6046, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers Cedex, France
   Michel Brunet, Franck Guy, Andossa Likius, Cécile Blondel, Jean-Renaud Boisserie, Louis De Bonis, Pierre Fronty, Thomas Lehmann, Fabrice Lihoreau, Gildas Merceron, Guy Mouchelin, Olga Otero, Xavier Valentin, Patrick Vignaud & Laurent Viriot
2. Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, 11 Divinity Avenue, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
   Franck Guy & David Pilbeam
3. Université de N'Djaména, BP 1117, N'Djaména, Tchad
   Hassane Taisso Mackaye & Andossa Likius
4. Centre National d'Appui à la Recherche, BP 1228, N'Djaména, Tchad
   Djimdoumalbaye Ahounta, Alain Beauvilain, Gongdibé Fanone & Adoum Mahamat
5. Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, CNRS UMR 5554, Université de Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
   Hervé Bocherens & Jean Sudre
6. Collège de France, 3 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
   Yves Coppens
7. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle et CNRS UMR 8569, rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
   Jean Dejax, Christiane Denys, Véra Eisenmann, Jean-Claude Rage & Pascal Tassy
8. Centre de Géochimie de la Surface, CNRS UMR 7517, Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg, France
   Philippe Duringer & Mathieu Schuster
9. Centre National de Recherche Scientifique UPR 2147, 44 rue de l'Amiral Mouchez, 75014, Paris, France
   Denis Geraads
10. Centres des Sciences de la Terre, CNRS UMR 5125, Université Claude Bernard, 27-43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
    Antoine Louchart
11. Museo de Ciencias Naturales, C/Guttierez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, España
    Pablo Pelaez Campomanes
12. Anthropologisches Institut/Multimedia Laboratorium, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurer Str. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
    Marcia Ponce De Leon & Christoph Zollikofer
13. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Poitiers, rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
    Michel Sapanet
14. Centre National de Recherche Scientifique UMR 162, et Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, Cedex 05, France
    Antoine Zazzo

Authors

1. Michel Brunet
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2. Franck Guy
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3. David Pilbeam
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4. Hassane Taisso Mackaye
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5. Andossa Likius
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6. Djimdoumalbaye Ahounta
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7. Alain Beauvilain
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8. Cécile Blondel
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9. Hervé Bocherens
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10. Jean-Renaud Boisserie
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11. Louis De Bonis
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12. Yves Coppens
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13. Jean Dejax
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14. Christiane Denys
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15. Philippe Duringer
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16. Véra Eisenmann
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17. Gongdibé Fanone
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18. Pierre Fronty
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19. Denis Geraads
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20. Thomas Lehmann
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21. Fabrice Lihoreau
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22. Antoine Louchart
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23. Adoum Mahamat
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24. Gildas Merceron
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25. Guy Mouchelin
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26. Olga Otero
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27. Pablo Pelaez Campomanes
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28. Marcia Ponce De Leon
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29. Jean-Claude Rage
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30. Michel Sapanet
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31. Mathieu Schuster
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32. Jean Sudre
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33. Pascal Tassy
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34. Xavier Valentin
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35. Patrick Vignaud
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36. Laurent Viriot
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37. Antoine Zazzo
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38. Christoph Zollikofer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence toMichel Brunet.

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

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Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D. et al. A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa.Nature 418, 145–151 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00879

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• Received: 13 March 2002
• Accepted: 27 May 2002
• Issue Date: 11 July 2002
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00879