Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity (original) (raw)

Nature volume 421, pages 530–533 (2003) Cite this article

Abstract

Human population size and growth rate are often considered important drivers of biodiversity loss1,2,3,4,5,6, whereas household dynamics are usually neglected. Aggregate demographic statistics may mask substantial changes in the size and number of households, and their effects on biodiversity. Household dynamics influence per capita consumption7,8 and thus biodiversity through, for example, consumption of wood for fuel9, habitat alteration for home building and associated activities10,11,12, and greenhouse gas emissions13. Here we report that growth in household numbers globally, and particularly in countries with biodiversity hotspots (areas rich in endemic species and threatened by human activities14), was more rapid than aggregate population growth between 1985 and 2000. Even when population size declined, the number of households increased substantially. Had the average household size (that is, the number of occupants) remained static, there would have been 155 million fewer households in hotspot countries in 2000. Reduction in average household size alone will add a projected 233 million additional households to hotspot countries during the period 2000–15. Rapid increase in household numbers, often manifested as urban sprawl, and resultant higher per capita resource consumption in smaller households15,16,17,18,19 pose serious challenges to biodiversity conservation.

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Figure 1: Household dynamics in 76 hotspot countries (HC) and 65 non-hotspot countries (NHC).

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. Eagle, W. Falcon, M. Feldman, N. Keilman, H. Mooney, R. Naylor, S. Pimm, K. Seto and S. Tuljapurkar for their constructive comments on earlier drafts; P. Langhammer and N. Myers for providing lists of hotspot countries; E. Laurent for technical assistance in producing figures; J. Baca, R. Cincotta, W. Lutz and A. McMillan for providing some references; G. Clarke for providing the housing data of India River County, Florida; and W. W. Taylor and Q. Wang for logistical and moral support. Funding for this project was provided to J.L. by the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award and Biocomplexity in the Environment Program) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
    Jianguo Liu
  2. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
    Gretchen C. Daily, Paul R. Ehrlich & Gary W. Luck

Authors

  1. Jianguo Liu
  2. Gretchen C. Daily
  3. Paul R. Ehrlich
  4. Gary W. Luck

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Correspondence toJianguo Liu.

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Liu, J., Daily, G., Ehrlich, P. et al. Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity.Nature 421, 530–533 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01359

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