Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis (original) (raw)
References
Zohary, D. & Hopf, M. Domestication of Plants in the Old World, 3rd edn (Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, 2000) Google Scholar
Nadel, D. Ohalo II—A 23,000-Year-Old Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers' Camp on the Shore of the Sea of Galilee (Catalogue No. 20, Hecht Museum, Univ. Haifa, Haifa, 2002) Google Scholar
Nadel, D. & Werker, E. The oldest ever brush hut plant remains from Ohalo II, Jordan Valley, Israel. Antiquity73, 755–764 (1999) Article Google Scholar
Nadel, D., Carmi, I. & Segal, D. Radiocarbon dating of Ohalo II: Archaeological and methodological implications. J. Archaeol. Sci.22, 811–822 (1995) Article Google Scholar
Kislev, M. E., Nadel, D. & Carmi, I. Epipaleolithic (19,000 bp) cereal and fruit diet at Ohalo II, Sea of Galilee, Israel. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol.73, 161–166 (1992) Article Google Scholar
Weiss, E., Kislev, M. E., Simchoni, O. & Nadel, D. Small-grained wild grasses as staple foods at the 23,000 year old site of Ohalo II, Israel. Econ. Bot. (in the press)
Piperno, D. R., Ranere, A. J., Holst, I. & Hansell, P. Starch grains reveal early root crop horticulture in the Panamanian tropical forest. Nature407, 894–897 (2000) ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Pearsall, D. M., Chandler-Ezell, K. & Zeidler, J. A. Maize in ancient Ecuador: Results of residue analysis of stone tools from the Real Alto site. J. Archaeol. Sci.31, 423–442 (2004) Article Google Scholar
Palmer, C. Milk and cereals; identifying food and food identity among Fellahin and Bedouin in Jordan. Levant34, 173–195 (2002) Article Google Scholar
Hobbs, J. J. Bedouin Life in the Egyptian Wilderness (Univ. of Texas Press, Austin, 1992) Google Scholar
Nicolaisem, J. Ecology and Culture of the Pastoral Tuareg (Copenhagen National Museum, Copenhagen, 1963) Google Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A. et al. Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.76, 266–273 (2002) Article Google Scholar
Foster-Powell, K., Holt, S. H. & Brand-Miller, J. C. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.76, 5–56 (2002) ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Stahl, A. in Foraging and Farming (eds Harris, D. R. & Hillman, G. C.) 171–194 (Unwin Hyman, London, 1989) Google Scholar
Wright, K. Ground-Stone tools and hunter-gatherer subsistence in southwest Asia: Implications for the transition to farming. Am. Antiq.59, 238–263 (1994) Article Google Scholar
Kuhn, S. L. & Stiner, M. C. in Hunter-Gatherers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (eds Painter-Brick, C., Layton, R. H. & Rowley-Conwy, P.) 99–142 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2001) Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. & Kislev, M. E. in Foraging and Farming: The Evolution of Plant Exploitation (eds Harris, D. R. & Hillman, G. C.) 633–642 (Unwin Hyman, London, 1989) Google Scholar
Flannery, K. V. in The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals (eds Ucko, P. J. & Dimbleby, G. W.) 73–100 (Duckworth, London, 1969) Google Scholar
Hawkes, K., O'Connell, J. F. & Rogers, L. The behavioral ecology of modern hunter-gatherers, and human evolution. Trends Ecol. Evol.12, 29–32 (1997) ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kennett, D. & Winterhalder, B. in Foraging Theory and the Transition to Agriculture (eds Kennett, D. & Winterhalder, B.) (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, in the press)
Weiss, E., Wetterstrom, W., Nadel, D. & Bar-Yosef, O. The broad spectrum revolution revisited: Evidence from plant remains. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101, 9551–9555 (2004) ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. From sedentary foragers to village hierarchies: The emergence of social institutions. Proc. Br. Acad.110, 1–38 (2001) Google Scholar
Reichert, E. T. The Differentiation and Specificity of Starches in Relation to Genera, Species, Etc. (Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, 1913) Google Scholar
Seidemann, J. Starke Atlas (Paul Parey, Berlin, 1966) Google Scholar
Cortello, A. R. & Pochettino, M. L. Starch grain analysis as a microscopic identification feature in the identification of plant material. Econ. Bot.48, 171–181 (1994) Article Google Scholar
Perry, L. Starch analyses reveal the multiple functions of quartz ‘manioc’ grater flakes from the Orinoco Basin, Venezuela. Interciencia27, 635–639 (2002) Google Scholar
Piperno, D. R. & Holst, I. The presence of starch grains on prehistoric stone tools from the lowland Neotropics: Indications of early tuber use and agriculture in Panama. J. Archaeol. Sci.25, 765–776 (1998) Article Google Scholar
Torrence, R., Wright, R. & Conway, R. Identification of starch granules using image analysis and multivariate techniques. J. Archaeol. Sci.31, 519–532 (2004) Article Google Scholar