Bioturbators enhance ecosystem function through complex biogeochemical interactions (original) (raw)

References

  1. Tilman, D. The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general principles. Ecology 80, 1455–1474 (1999)
    Google Scholar
  2. Naeem, S., Thompson, L., Lawler, S., Lawton, J. & Woodfin, R. Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature 368, 734–736 (1994)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  3. Tilman, D., Wedin, D. & Knops, J. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature 379, 718–720 (1996)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  4. Hector, A. et al. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science 295, 639–640 (1999)
    Article Google Scholar
  5. Naeem, S., Loreau, M. & Inchausti, P. in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (eds Loreau, M., Naeem, S. & Inchausti, P.) 3–11 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2002)
    Google Scholar
  6. Huston, M. & McBride, A. in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (eds Loreau, M., Naeem, S. & Inchausti, P.) 47–60 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2002)
    Google Scholar
  7. Tilman, D., Knops, J., Wedin, D. & Reich, P. in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (eds Loreau, M., Naeem, S. & Inchausti, P.) 21–35 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2002)
    Google Scholar
  8. Hector, A., Loreau, M. & Schmid, B. in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (eds Loreau, M., Naeem, S. & Inchausti, P.) 36–46 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2002)
    Google Scholar
  9. Tilman, D. et al. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science 294, 843–845 (2001)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  10. Polis, G. Stability is woven by complex webs. Nature 395, 744–745 (1998)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  11. Michener, W. et al. Defining and unraveling biocomplexity. Bioscience 51, 1018–1023 (2001)
    Article Google Scholar
  12. Raffaelli, D. et al. in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (eds Loreau, M., Naeem, S. & Inchausti, P.) 147–154 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2002)
    Google Scholar
  13. Thrush, S. F. et al. Disturbance of the marine benthic habitat by commercial fishing: Impacts at the scale of the fishery. Ecol. Appl. 8, 866–879 (1998)
    Article Google Scholar
  14. Jennings, S., Pinnegar, J. K., Polunin, N. V. C. & Warr, K. J. Impacts of trawling disturbance on the trophic structure of benthic invertebrate communities. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 213, 127–142 (2001)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  15. Snelgrove, P. et al. The importance of marine sediment biodiversity in ecosystem processes. Ambio 26, 578–583 (1997)
    Google Scholar
  16. Bolam, S., Fernandes, T. & Huxham, M. Diversity, biomass, and ecosystem processes in the marine benthos. Ecol. Monogr. 72, 599–615 (2002)
    Article Google Scholar
  17. Thrush, S. F. & Dayton, P. K. Disturbance to marine benthic habitats by trawling and dredging — implications for marine biodiversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33, 449–473 (2002)
    Article Google Scholar
  18. Herman, P., Middleburg, J., VandeKoppel, J. & Heip, C. Ecology of estuarine benthos. Adv. Ecol. Res. 29, 165–231 (1999)
    Google Scholar
  19. Thrush, S., Hewitt, J., Gibbs, M., Lundquist, C. & Norkko, A. Functional role of large organisms in intertidal communities: community effects and ecosystem function. Ecology (submitted)
  20. Ghiold, J. Species distributions of irregular echinoids. Biol. Oceanogr. 6, 79–162 (1989)
    Google Scholar
  21. Long, B. G., Poiner, I. R. & Wassenberg, T. J. Distribution, biomass and community structure of megabenthos of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 129, 127–139 (1995)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  22. Thompson, B., Tsukada, D. & Laughlin, J. Megabenthic assemblages of coastal shelves, slopes, and basins off southern California. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 92, 25–42 (1993)
    Google Scholar
  23. Lohrer, A. M., Thrush, S. F., Hunt, L., Hancock, N. & Lundquist, C. J. Rapid reworking of subtidal sediments by burrowing spatangoid urchins. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. (submitted)
  24. Valiela, I. Marine Ecological Processes (Springer, New York, 1995)
    Book Google Scholar
  25. Clark, K. R. & Gorley, R. N. Primer version 5 (Primer-E, Plymouth, UK, 2001)
  26. Falkowski, P. & Kiefer, D. A. Chlorophyll a fluorescence in phytoplankton: relationship to photosynthesis and biomass. J. Plankt. Res. 7, 715–731 (1985)
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  27. Gray, J. S. Marine biodiversity: patterns, threats and conservation needs. Biodivers. Conserv. 6, 153–175 (1997)
    Article Google Scholar
  28. Daan, R. & Mulder, M. On the short-term and long-term impact of drilling activities in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53, 1036–1044 (1996)
    Article Google Scholar
  29. Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M. & Kremling, F. Methods of Seawater Analysis (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983)
    Google Scholar
  30. Sartory, D. P. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Chlorophyll a in Freshwater Phytoplankton (Technical Report TR 115, Hydrological Research Institute, Department of Environmental Affairs, Pretoria, South Africa, 1982)
    Google Scholar

Download references