Recuperation of nitrogen cycling in Amazonian forests following agricultural abandonment (original) (raw)

References

  1. Vitousek, P. M. Litterfall, nutrient cycling, and nutrient limitations in tropical forests. Ecology 65, 285–298 (1984)
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  2. Walker, T. W. & Syers, J. K. The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis. Geoderma 15, 1–19 (1976)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  3. Hedin, L. O., Vitousek, P. M. & Matson, P. A. Nutrient losses over four million years of tropical forest development. Ecology 84, 2231–2255 (2003)
    Article Google Scholar
  4. Reich, P. B. & Okeksyn, J. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 101, 11001–11006 (2004)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  5. McGroddy, M. E., Daufresne, T. & Hedin, L. Scaling of C:N:P stoichiometry in forests worldwide: implications of terrestrial redfield-type ratios. Ecology 85, 2390–2401 (2004)
    Article Google Scholar
  6. INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais). Monitoramento Ambiental da Amazônia por Satélite. 〈http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/apresentacao_prodes.ppt〉 (2004)
  7. Hirsch, A. I., Little, W. S., Houghton, R. A., Scott, N. A. & White, J. D. The net carbon flux due to deforestation and forest re-growth in the Brazilian Amazon: analysis using a process-based model. Glob. Change Biol. 10, 908–924 (2004)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  8. McGrath, D. A., Smith, C. K., Gholz, H. L. & de Assis Oliveira, F. Effects of land-use change on soil nutrient dynamics in Amazônia. Ecosystems 4, 625–645 (2001)
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  9. Vieira, I. C. G., de Paiva Salomăo, R., de Araujo Rosa, N., Nepstad, D. C. & Roma, J. C. Renascimento da floresta no rastro da agricultura. (The rebirth of the forest in the wake of agriculture.). Cięncia Hoje 20, 38–45 (1996)
    Google Scholar
  10. Nepstad, D. C., Moutinho, P. & Markewitz, D. in Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin and its Role in a Changing World (eds McClain, M. E., Victoria, R. L. & Richey, J. E.) 139–155 (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 2001)
    Google Scholar
  11. Davidson, E. A. et al. in Ecosystems and Land Use Change. Geophysical Monograph Series 153 (eds DeFries, R., Asner, G. & Houghton R.) 147–158 (American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, 2004a)
    Book Google Scholar
  12. Dias-Filho, M., Davidson, E. A. & Carvalho, C. in The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin (eds McClain, M. E., Victoria, R. L. & Richey, J. E.) 84–105 (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 2001)
    Google Scholar
  13. Kauffman, J. B., Cummings, D. L., Ward, D. E. & Babbitt, R. Fire in the Brazilian Amazon: biomass, nutrient pools, and losses in slashed primary forests. Oecologia 104, 397–409 (1995)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  14. Davidson, E. A., Keller, M., Erickson, H. E., Verchot, L. V. & Veldkamp, E. Testing a conceptual model of soil emissions of nitrous and nitric oxides. Bioscience 50, 667–680 (2000)
    Article Google Scholar
  15. Keller, M., Veldkamp, E., Weitz, A. M. & Reiners, W. A. Effect of pasture age on soil trace-gas emissions from a deforested area of Costa Rica. Nature 365, 244–246 (1993)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  16. Melillo, J. M. et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from forests and pastures of various ages in the Brazilian Amazon. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 34,179–34,188 (2001)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  17. Verchot, L. V. et al. Land use change and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen oxide emissions from soils in eastern Amazonia. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 13, 31–46 (1999)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  18. Vieira, I. C. G. et al. Classifying successional forests using Landsat spectral properties and ecological characteristics in eastern Amazonia. Remote Sens. Environ. 87, 470–481 (2003)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  19. Martinelli, L. A. et al. Nitrogen stable isotopic composition of leaves and soil: Tropical versus temperate forests. Biogeochemistry 46, 45–65 (1999)
    CAS Google Scholar
  20. Amundson, R. et al. Global patterns of the isotopic composition of soil and plant nitrogen. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 17, 1031 (2003)
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  21. Vitousek, P. M., Gosz, J. R., Grier, C. C., Melillo, J. M. & Reiners, W. A. A comparative analysis of potential nitrification and nitrate mobility in forest ecosystems. Ecol. Monogr. 52, 155–177 (1982)
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  22. Markewitz, D., Davidson, E. A., Moutinho, P. & Nepstad, D. C. Nutrient loss and redistribution after forest clearing on a highly weathered soil in Amazonia. Ecol. Appl. 14, S177–S199 (2004)
    Article Google Scholar
  23. Zarin, D. J. et al. Legacy of fire slows carbon accumulation in Amazonian forest regrowth. Front. Ecol. Environ. 3, 365–369 (2005)
    Article Google Scholar
  24. Davidson, E. A. et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of biomass growth in a tropical secondary forest. Ecol. Appl. 14, S150–S163 (2004b)
    Article Google Scholar
  25. Gehring, C., Denich, M., Kanashiro, M. & Vlek, P. L. G. Response of secondary vegetation in Eastern Amazonia to relaxed nutrient availability constraints. Biogeochemistry 45, 223–241 (1999)
    Google Scholar
  26. Keller, M. & Reiners, W. A. Soil–atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and methane under secondary succession of pasture to forest in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 8, 399–409 (1994)
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  27. Erickson, H., Keller, M. & Davidson, E. Nitrogen oxide fluxes and nitrogen cycling during post-agricultural succession and forest fertilization in the humid tropics. Ecosystems 4, 67–84 (2001)
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  28. Gehring, C. Biological nitrogen fixation in secondary regrowth and mature rainforest of central Amazonia. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 111, 237–252 (2005)
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  29. Vitousek, P. M. et al. Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation. Biogeochemistry 57, 1–45 (2002)
    Article Google Scholar

Download references