A dynamic upper atmosphere of Venus as revealed by VIRTIS on Venus Express (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the work of the entire Venus Express team of ESA and Astrium, who allowed these data to be obtained. This work is supported by the national space agencies CNES and ASI, and by SFTC in the UK. J.C.G. thanks the FNRS and the PRODEX-ESA program for funding.

Author Contributions P.D. and G.P. have coordinated the work as Principal Investigators of VIRTIS. J.C.G. contributed to the O2 model, L.Z. to the O2 data selection, and M.A.L.-V. to the CO2 model. A.S.-L. and R.H. contributed to the dynamics calculation for Fig. 3. All authors contributed equally to the planning of the work, instrumental calibration and data calibration. F.W.T. and B.B. helped to finalize the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France , Meudon
    P. Drossart, B. Bézard, T. Encrenaz, S. Erard, T. Fouchet & D. Luz
  2. INAF-IASF,, Meudon
    G. Piccioni & M. Zambelli
  3. INAF-IFSI, 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy , Rome
    A. Adriani, G. Bellucci, A. Coradini & V. Formisano
  4. LPAP-Université de Liège, 5 Avenue de Cointe, B-4000 Liège, Belgium , Liège
    J. C. Gérard
  5. Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC), 50 Camino Bajo de Huetor, 18008 Granada, Spain , Granada
    M. A. Lopez-Valverde
  6. Universidad del Pais Vasco, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, Física Aplicada I, C/Alda. Urquijo s/n 48013, Bilbao, Spain , Bilbao
    A. Sanchez-Lavega & R. Hueso
  7. Space Research Institute (IKI), Profsouznaya 84/32, Moscow, Russia , Moscow
    L. Zasova, N. I. Ignatiev & A. V. Rodin
  8. Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK , Oxford
    F. W. Taylor, P. Irwin & C. Tsang
  9. CISAS Università di Padova, 1 via Venezia, I-35131 Padova, Italy , Padova
    F. Angrilli
  10. German Aerospace Center (DLR), 2 Rutherfordstraße, 12489 Berlin-Adlershof, Germany , Berlin-Adlershof
    G. Arnold, J. Benkhoff, R. Haus & J. Helbert
  11. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA , California
    K. H. Baines & R. W. Carlson
  12. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, batiment 121, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
    J. P. Bibring & Y. Langevin
  13. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Lecce, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy, Lecce
    A. Blanco, S. Fonti & V. Orofino
  14. Centrum Badan Kosmicznych Pan (CBK), 00716 Warszawa, Bartycka 18A, Poland , Warszawa
    M. I. Blecka
  15. AMDLSPACE, 33 Via Giovanni Angelini, 00149 Rome, Italy , Rome
    A. Di Lellis
  16. Dynamique Terrestre et Planétaire, CNRS UMR5562, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, 31400 Toulouse, France , Toulouse
    R. Garcia
  17. Laboratoire de Météeorologie Dynamique, UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France , Paris cedex
    S. Lebonnois
  18. Universita d’Annunzio, 42 Viale Pindaro, 65127 Pescara, Italy , Pescara
    L. Marinangeli
  19. Lisbon Astronomical Observatory, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisbon, Portugal , Lisbon
    D. Luz & M. C. Roos-Serote
  20. Politecnico di Milano, 26 Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy , Milano
    B. Saggin
  21. University of Amsterdam, 403 Kruislaan, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands , Amsterdam
    D. M. Stam
  22. Max-Planck Institute for Aeronomy, 2 Max-Planck-Strasse, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany , Katlenburg-Lindau
    D. Titov
  23. Dipartimento di Fisica, University of l’Aquila, 10 Via Vetoio, 67010 Coppito l'Aquila, Italy, Coppito l'Aquila
    G. Visconti
  24. INAF-IFSI, 00133 Rome, Italy., Rome
    Eleonora Ammannito, Angelo Boccaccini & Davide Del Vento
  25. Galileo Avionica, Florence, 50013, Italy., Florence
    Alessandra Barbis, Giovanni Cherubini, Massimo Cosi, Michele Dami, Marco Di Giampietro, Alessandro Donati, Anna Fabbri, Iacopo Ficai Veltroni, Maurizio Giustizi, Alessandro Mazzoni, Giuseppe Mondello, Claudio Pasqui, Stefano Perferi, Carlo Pompei, Antonio Romano, Massimo Santoni, Adelmo Scarpelli, Enrico Suetta, Fabio Tarchi & Nazzareno Tonetti
  26. DLR, 12489 Berlin, Germany., Berlin
    Rainer Berlin, Juergen Kachlicki, Gisbert Peter, Natalie Russ & Bernd Ulmer
  27. Università di Padova, 35131, Italy., Padova
    Carlo Bettanini
  28. INAF-IASF, 00133 Rome, Italy., Rome
    Fabrizio Nuccilli & Federico Tosi
  29. IAS Orsay, 91405, France., Orsay
    Guillaume Bonnello, Brigitte Gondet & Alain Soufflot
  30. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, France., Paris
    Marc Bouyé, Olivier Dupuis, Agnès Fave, Katia Garceran, Yamina Ghomchi, Yann Hello, Florence Henry, Gerard Huntzinger, René Knoll, Driss Kouach, Riccardo Melchiorri, Jérôme Parisot, Alain Piacentino, Jean-Michel Réess, Jean-Pierre Rivet, Alain Sémery & Douchane Stefanovitch
  31. ASI Rome, 00198, Italy., Rome
    Fabrizio Capaccioni, Alejandro Cardesin, Sylvie Espinasse & Gianrico Filacchione
  32. Techno System Developments, Naples, 80078, Italy., Naples
    Francesco Carraro, Maurizio De Nino & Francesco Monti
  33. Kayser Threde, Munich, 81379, Germany., Munich
    Stefan Hofer & Christian Neumann

Authors

  1. P. Drossart
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  2. G. Piccioni
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  3. J. C. Gérard
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  4. M. A. Lopez-Valverde
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  5. A. Sanchez-Lavega
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  6. L. Zasova
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  7. R. Hueso
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  8. F. W. Taylor
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  9. B. Bézard
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  10. A. Adriani
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  11. F. Angrilli
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  12. G. Arnold
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  13. K. H. Baines
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  14. G. Bellucci
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  15. J. Benkhoff
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  16. J. P. Bibring
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  17. A. Blanco
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  18. M. I. Blecka
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  19. R. W. Carlson
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  20. A. Coradini
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  21. A. Di Lellis
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  22. T. Encrenaz
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  23. S. Erard
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  24. S. Fonti
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  25. V. Formisano
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  26. T. Fouchet
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  27. R. Garcia
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  28. R. Haus
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  29. J. Helbert
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  30. N. I. Ignatiev
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  31. P. Irwin
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  32. Y. Langevin
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  33. S. Lebonnois
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  34. D. Luz
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  35. L. Marinangeli
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  36. V. Orofino
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  37. A. V. Rodin
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  38. M. C. Roos-Serote
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  39. B. Saggin
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  40. D. M. Stam
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  41. D. Titov
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  42. G. Visconti
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  43. M. Zambelli
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  44. C. Tsang
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the VIRTIS-Venus Express Technical Team

Corresponding author

Correspondence toP. Drossart.

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Drossart, P., Piccioni, G., Gérard, J. et al. A dynamic upper atmosphere of Venus as revealed by VIRTIS on Venus Express.Nature 450, 641–645 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06140

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