Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

Several participating studies are members of the CHARGE and ENGAGE consortia. We acknowledge funding from the following organizations: the Academy of Finland (104781, 117797, 120315, 121584, 126925, 129269, 129494, 129680, 213506); Affymetrix for genotyping services (N02-HL-6-4278); Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore; ALF/LUA Gothenburg; Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament); Amgen; AstraZeneca AB; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (241944, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 496688, 552485, 613672); Australian Research Council (DP0770096); Biocentrum Helsinki; Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center (DK46200); British Diabetes Association; British Heart Foundation (PG/02/128); British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, Oxford; CamStrad; Cancer Research UK; Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research; Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government (CZB/4/279); Council of Health of the Academy of Finland; DIAB Core project of the German Network of Diabetes; Diabetes UK; Donald W. Reynolds Foundation; Emil and Vera Cornell Foundation; Erasmus MC; Estonian Government (SF0180142s08); European Commission (201413, ECOGENE:205419, BBMRI:212111, OPENGENE:245536, ENGAGE:HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, EURODIA:LSHG-CT-2004-518153, EU/WLRT-2001-01254, HEALTH-F2-2008-ENGAGE, HEALTH-F4-2007-201550, LSH-2006-037593, LSHG-CT-2006-018947, LSHG-CT-2006-01947, Procardis:LSHM-CT-2007-037273, POLYGENE:LSHC-CT-2005, QLG1-CT-2000-01643, QLG2-CT-2002-01254, DG XII, Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship); Eve Appeal; Finnish Ministry of Education; Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation; Finnish Diabetes Research Society; Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; Finnish Medical Society; Finska Läkaresällskapet; Folkhälsan Research Foundation; Fondation LeDucq; Foundation for Life and Health in Finland; Foundation for Strategic Research; GEN-AU-Programme ‘GOLD’; Genetic Association Information Network; German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology (01 AK 803 A-H, 01 IG 07015 G); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01GS0831); German Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports; German Ministry of Cultural Affairs; German Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; German National Genome Research Net (01GS0823, 01ZZ0103, 01ZZ0403, 01ZZ9603, 03ZIK012); German Research Council (KFO-152); GlaxoSmithKline; Göteborg Medical Society; Gyllenberg Foundation; Helmholtz Center Munich; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (U01 DK062418); Karolinska Institute; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Lundberg Foundation; March of Dimes (6-FY-09-507); MC Health; Medical Research Council UK (G0000649, G0000934, G0500539, G0600331, G0601261, G9521010D, PrevMetSyn); Microarray Core Facility of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (B27); Mid-Atlantic Nutrition and Obesity Research Center of Maryland (P30 DK072488); Ministry of Health and Department of Educational Assistance (South Tyrol, Italy); Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia (216-1080315-0302); Montreal Heart Institute Foundation; Närpes Health Care Foundation; National Cancer Institute; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre; National Institutes of Health (263-MA-410953, AA014041, AA07535, AA10248, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, CA047988, CA49449, CA50385, CA65725, CA67262, CA87969, DA12854, DK062370, DK063491, DK072193, DK079466, DK080145, DK58845, HG002651, HG005214, HG005581, HL043851, HL084729, HL69757, HL71981, K08-AR055688, K23-DK080145, K99-HL094535, M01-RR00425, MH084698, N01-AG12100, N01-AG12109, N01-HC15103, N01-HC25195, N01-HC35129, N01-HC45133, N01-HC55015, N01-HC55016, N01-HC55018–N01-HC55022, N01-HC55222, N01-HC75150, N01-HC85079–N01-HC85086, N01-HG65403, R01-AG031890, R01 CA104021, R01-DK068336, R01-DK073490, R01-DK075681, R01-DK075787, R01-HL086694, R01-HL087641, R01-HL087647, R01-HL087652, R01-HL087676, R01-HL087679, R01-HL087700, R01-HL088119, R01-HL59367, R01-MH059160, R01-MH59565, R01-MH59566, R01-MH59571, R01-MH59586, R01-MH59587, R01-MH59588, R01-MH60870, R01-MH60879, R01-MH61675, R01-MH63706, R01-MH67257, R01-MH79469, R01-MH81800, RL1-MH083268, T32-HG00040, U01-CA098233, U01-GM074518, U01-HG004399, U01-HG004402, U01-HL080295, U01-HL084756, U01-HL72515, U01-MH79469, U01-MH79470, U54-RR020278, UL1-RR025005, Z01-AG00675, Z01-AG007380, Z01-HG000024; contract HHSN268200625226C; ADA Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship; Pew Scholarship for the Biomedical Sciences); Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (050-060-810); Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (investment number 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012); Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (10-000-1002); Netherlands Scientific Organization (904-61-090, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 400-05-717, Center for Medical Systems Biology (NOW Genomics), SPI 56-464-1419) ; NIA Intramural Research Program; Nordic Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics; Novo Nordisk Foundation; Ollqvist Foundation; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Perklén Foundation; Petrus and Augusta Hedlunds Foundation; Queensland Institute of Medical Research; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015); Royal Swedish Academy of Science; Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A305:188); Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation; Sigrid Juselius Foundation; Social Insurance Institution of Finland; Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; South Tyrolean Sparkasse Foundation; Stockholm County Council (560183); Support for Science Funding programme; Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation; Swedish Cancer Society; Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Medical Research Council (K2007-66X-20270-01-3, 8691); Swedish National Cancer Institute; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Society of Medicine; Swiss National Science Foundation (33CSCO-122661); Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg’s Foundation; Vandervell Foundation; Västra Götaland Foundation; Wellcome Trust (072960, 075491, 079557, 079895, 083270, 068545/Z/02, 076113/B/04/Z, 076113/C/04/Z, 076113/C/04/Z, 077016/Z/05/Z, 081682/Z/06/Z, 084183/Z/07/Z, 085301/Z/08/Z, 086596/Z/08/Z, 091746/Z/10/Z; Wellcome Trust Research Career Development Fellowship); Western Australian Genetic Epidemiology Resource and the Western Australian DNA Bank (both National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Enabling Facilities). A detailed list of acknowledgements by study is given in the Supplementary Information.

Author information

Author notes

1. Hana Lango Allen, Karol Estrada, Guillaume Lettre, Sonja I. Berndt, Michael N. Weedon, Fernando Rivadeneira, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Kari Stefansson, Timothy M. Frayling and Joel N. Hirschhorn: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

1. Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
   Hana Lango Allen, Michael N. Weedon, Andrew R. Wood, John R. B. Perry, Andrew T. Hattersley & Timothy M. Frayling
2. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
   Karol Estrada, Fernando Rivadeneira, Yurii S. Aulchenko, Najaf Amin, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Albert Hofman, Cornelia M. van Duijn & André G. Uitterlinden
3. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
   Karol Estrada, Fernando Rivadeneira, M. Carola Zillikens, Marjolein J. Peters, Joyce B. J. van Meurs & André G. Uitterlinden
4. Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
   Karol Estrada, Fernando Rivadeneira, Yurii S. Aulchenko, Marjolein J. Peters, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Albert Hofman, Cornelia M. van Duijn & André G. Uitterlinden
5. Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, H1T 1C8, Québec, Canada
   Guillaume Lettre, Ken Sin Lo, Gabrielle Boucher & John D. Rioux
6. Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
   Guillaume Lettre & John D. Rioux
7. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
   Sonja I. Berndt, Ju-Hyun Park, Jianxin Shi, Stephen J. Chanock & Nilanjan Chatterjee
8. Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, Michigan, USA
   Cristen J. Willer, Anne U. Jackson, Robert J. Weyant, Heather M. Stringham, Michael Boehnke & Gonçalo R. Abecasis
9. Boston, 02115, Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts, USA
   Sailaja Vedantam, Cameron Palmer, Elizabeth L. Altmaier, Rany M. Salem, Michael C. Turchin & Joel N. Hirschhorn
10. Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA
    Sailaja Vedantam, Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Cameron Palmer, Elizabeth L. Altmaier, Rany M. Salem, Michael C. Turchin & Joel N. Hirschhorn
11. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA
    Soumya Raychaudhuri, Ayellet V. Segrè, Benjamin F. Voight, Kristin G. Ardlie & Sekar Kathiresan
12. Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Soumya Raychaudhuri
13. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
    Teresa Ferreira, Joshua C. Randall, Reedik Mägi, Inga Prokopenko, Nigel W. Rayner, Neil R. Robertson, Andrew P. Morris, John F. Peden, Martin Farrall, Hugh Watkins, Mark I. McCarthy & Cecilia M. Lindgren
14. Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA
    Ayellet V. Segrè, Benjamin F. Voight, Shaun Purcell & Sekar Kathiresan
15. Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA
    Ayellet V. Segrè & Benjamin F. Voight
16. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA
    Elizabeth K. Speliotes & Lee M. Kaplan
17. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
    Eleanor Wheeler, Nicole Soranzo, Elin Grundberg, Panos Deloukas, Inês Barroso, Willem H. Ouwehand & Leena Peltonen
18. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
    Nicole Soranzo, Massimo Mangino & Timothy D. Spector
19. Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 4006, Queensland, Australia
    Jian Yang & Peter M. Visscher
20. deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
    Daniel Gudbjartsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, G. Bragi Walters, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir & Kari Stefansson
21. Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts, USA
    Nancy L. Heard-Costa & Larry D. Atwood
22. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Lu Qi, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Frank B. Hu & David J. Hunter
23. Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Lu Qi, Frank B. Hu & David J. Hunter
24. Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
    Albert Vernon Smith, Thor Aspelund, Gudny Eiriksdottir & Vilmundur Gudnason
25. University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
    Albert Vernon Smith, Thor Aspelund & Vilmundur Gudnason
26. McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, H3A 1A4, Québec, Canada
    Tomi Pastinen, Elin Grundberg, Tony Kwan & Dominique J. Verlaan
27. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3G 1A4, Québec, Canada
    Tomi Pastinen, Elin Grundberg, Tony Kwan & Dominique J. Verlaan
28. Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3G 1A4, Québec, Canada
    Tomi Pastinen
29. Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA
    Liming Liang
30. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
    Iris M. Heid & Thomas W. Winkler
31. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
    Iris M. Heid, Eva Albrecht, Martina Müller, Thomas Illig, Christian Gieger & H.-Erich Wichmann
32. MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
    Jian’an Luan, Jing Hua Zhao, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Nicholas J. Wareham & Ruth J. F. Loos
33. Faculty of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
    Michael E. Goddard
34. Department of Primary Industries, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
    Michael E. Goddard
35. Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, SE-75185, Sweden
    Åsa Johansson, Wilmar Igl & Ulf Gyllensten
36. Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, N-7489, Norway
    Åsa Johansson
37. Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, 63110, Missouri, USA
    Mary F. Feitosa, Shamika Ketkar, Michael A. Province & Ingrid B. Borecki
38. Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50410, Estonia
    Tõnu Esko, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Helene Alavere, Mari Nelis & Andres Metspalu
39. Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
    Tõnu Esko, Mari Nelis & Andres Metspalu
40. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
    Tõnu Esko, Mari Nelis & Andres Metspalu
41. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
    Toby Johnson, Zoltán Kutalik, Jacques S. Beckmann, Sven Bergmann & Carlo Rivolta
42. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
    Toby Johnson, Zoltán Kutalik & Sven Bergmann
43. Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,
    Toby Johnson
44. Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,
    Toby Johnson, Mark J. Caulfield & Patricia B. Munroe
45. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Peter Kraft, Frank B. Hu & David J. Hunter
46. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Peter Kraft
47. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
    Inga Prokopenko, Nigel W. Rayner, Neil R. Robertson, Mark I. McCarthy & Cecilia M. Lindgren
48. Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, 35806, Alabama, USA
    Devin Absher
49. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
    Florian Ernst
50. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
    Nicole L. Glazer
51. MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
    Caroline Hayward, Veronique Vitart, Alan F. Wright & Igor Rudan
52. Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
    Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Eco J. C. Geus, Gonneke Willemsen & Dorret I. Boomsma
53. Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA
    Kevin B. Jacobs
54. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA
    Joshua W. Knowles, Themistocles L. Assimes & Thomas Quertermous
55. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27514, North Carolina, USA
    Keri L. Monda & Kari E. North
56. Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
    Ozren Polasek, Ivana Kolcic & Lina Zgaga
57. Gen-Info Ltd, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
    Ozren Polasek
58. Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
    Michael Preuss & Inke R. König
59. Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
    Jonathan P. Tyrer
60. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
    Fredrik Wiklund, Henrik Grönberg, Per Hall & Erik Ingelsson
61. Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina, USA
    Jianfeng Xu
62. Neurogenetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 4006, Queensland, Australia
    Dale R. Nyholt
63. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
    Niina Pellikka, Markus Perola, Ida Surakka, Johannes Kettunen, Elisabeth Widen, Samuli Ripatti, Jaakko Kaprio & Leena Peltonen
64. Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
    Niina Pellikka, Markus Perola, Ida Surakka, Johannes Kettunen, Samuli Ripatti & Leena Peltonen
65. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA
    Tushar Bhangale
66. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA
    Daniel I. Chasman & Paul M. Ridker
67. Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Daniel I. Chasman, Lee M. Kaplan & Paul M. Ridker
68. Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Constance Chen
69. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
    Lachlan Coin, Ulla Sovio, Paul Elliott & Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
70. Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
    Matthew N. Cooper, Robert W. Lawrence, Jennie Hui & Lyle J. Palmer
71. Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases and University of Bath, Bath, BA1 1RL, UK
    Anna L. Dixon
72. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, Maryland, USA
    Quince Gibson, Shen Haiqing, Alan R. Shuldiner & Jeffrey R. O’Connell
73. Genetics Department, Rosetta Inpharmatics, a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., Seattle, 98109, Washington, USA
    Ke Hao
74. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
    M. Juhani Junttila & Heikki V. Huikuri
75. MGH Weight Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA
    Lee M. Kaplan
76. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 93405, California, USA
    Douglas F. Levinson
77. Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
    Mattias Lorentzon, Liesbeth Vandenput & Claes Ohlsson
78. Departments of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA
    Barbara McKnight & Alice M. Arnold
79. Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, 81377, Germany
    Martina Müller
80. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Munich, 81377, Germany
    Martina Müller & H.-Erich Wichmann
81. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts, USA
    Julius Suh Ngwa, Charles C. White & L. Adrienne Cupples
82. The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA
    Shaun Purcell & Leena Peltonen
83. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Shaun Purcell
84. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
    Suzanne Rafelt & Nilesh J. Samani
85. Department of Medicine, University of Milan, Surgery and Dentistry, Milan, 20139, Italy
    Erika Salvi & Daniele Cusi
86. KOS Genetic Srl, Milan, 20123, Italy
    Erika Salvi
87. Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia del CNR, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.,
    Serena Sanna, Andrea Maschio, Antonella Mulas & Manuela Uda
88. Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
    John R. Thompson & Nilesh J. Samani
89. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
    John R. Thompson
90. Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
    Andreas Ziegler
91. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
    Peter Almgren & Leif C. Groop
92. Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
    Anthony J. Balmforth & Alistair S. Hall
93. Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK.,
    Harry Campbell, Sarah H. Wild & James F. Wilson
94. Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
    Lorena Citterio & Laura Zagato
95. Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano/Bozen, 39100, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
    Alessandro De Grandi, Andrew A. Hicks, Irene Pichler & Peter P. Pramstaller
96. British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
    Anna Dominiczak
97. Northshore University Healthsystem, Evanston, 60201, Illinois, USA
    Jubao Duan, Alan R. Sanders & Pablo V. Gejman
98. Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal D’investigacio Medica and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
    Roberto Elosua
99. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
    Johan G. Eriksson
100. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
     Johan G. Eriksson & Eero Kajantie
101. Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, 00280, Finland
     Johan G. Eriksson
102. Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
     Johan G. Eriksson
103. Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, 65130, Finland
     Johan G. Eriksson
104. Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA
     Nelson B. Freimer
105. Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Center, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
     Nicola Glorioso
106. Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
     Anna-Liisa Hartikainen & Anneli Pouta
107. Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
     Aki S. Havulinna, Seppo Koskinen & Veikko Salomaa
108. Department of Molecular Genetics, PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
     Jennie Hui & John P. Beilby
109. Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation Inc., Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
     Jennie Hui, John P. Beilby, Arthur W. Musk & Lyle J. Palmer
110. Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Population Studies Unit, Turku, 20720, Finland
     Antti Jula
111. Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
     Markku Koiranen & Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
112. Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
     Peter Kovacs
113. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 90220, Oulu, Finland
     Jaana Laitinen
114. Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
     Jianjun Liu
115. Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
     Marja-Liisa Lokki
116. Croatian Centre for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
     Ana Marusic & Igor Rudan
117. Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
     Thomas Meitinger
118. Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
     Thomas Meitinger
119. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8N 3Z5, Ontario, Canada
     Guillaume Paré
120. Amgen, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA
     Alex N. Parker
121. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Level 6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,
     John F. Peden, Martin Farrall & Hugh Watkins
122. Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
     Astrid Petersmann
123. Department of Public Health, Finnish Twin Cohort Study, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
     Kirsi H. Pietiläinen & Jaakko Kaprio
124. Department of Psychiatry, Obesity Research unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
     Kirsi H. Pietiläinen & Aila Rissanen
125. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, 90101, Finland
     Anneli Pouta & Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
126. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
     Martin Ridderstråle & Olle Melander
127. Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, 90048, California, USA
     Jerome I. Rotter & Talin Haritunians
128. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
     Jennifer G. Sambrook & Willem H. Ouwehand
129. NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
     Jennifer G. Sambrook & Willem H. Ouwehand
130. Institut für Community Medicine, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
     Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Wolfgang Hoffman & Henry Völzke
131. Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
     Juha Sinisalo & Markku S. Nieminen
132. Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
     Jan H. Smit & Brenda W. Penninx
133. Department of Physiatrics, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, 96101, Finland
     Paavo Zitting
134. Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
     Martin Farrall
135. Department of Social Medicine, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
     Wendy L. McArdle
136. Comprehensive Cancer Center East, Nijmegen, 6501 BG, The Netherlands
     Katja K. Aben & Lambertus Kiemeney
137. Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
     Jacques S. Beckmann
138. School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
     John P. Beilby
139. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, California, USA
     Richard N. Bergman
140. National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
     Francis S. Collins
141. Department of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
     Martin den Heijer
142. Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
     Anders Hamsten
143. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, 94612, California, USA
     Carlos Iribarren
144. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94107, California, USA
     Carlos Iribarren
145. Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33520, Finland
     Mika Kähönen
146. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
     Jaakko Kaprio
147. Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA
     Sekar Kathiresan
148. Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, 01702, Massachusetts, USA
     Sekar Kathiresan & Christopher J. O’Donnell
149. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
     Sekar Kathiresan
150. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
     Lambertus Kiemeney
151. Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
     Lambertus Kiemeney
152. Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
     Thomas Kocher
153. Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
     Lenore J. Launer & Tamara B. Harris
154. Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33520, Finland
     Terho Lehtimäki
155. Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, Mississippi, USA
     Tom H. Mosley Jr
156. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
     Arthur W. Musk
157. National, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, 01702, Massachusetts, USA
     Christopher J. O’Donnell
158. Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
     Ben Oostra
159. University of Turku and the Department of Clinical Physiology, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
     Olli Raitakari
160. Universität zu Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik II, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
     Heribert Schunkert & Jeanette Erdmann
161. Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, 21201, Maryland, USA
     Alan R. Shuldiner
162. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
     David S. Siscovick
163. Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA
     David S. Siscovick
164. Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
     Michael Stumvoll & Anke Tönjes
165. LIFE Study Centre, University of Leipzig, Leipzig,, Germany
     Michael Stumvoll
166. Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16–18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,
     Anke Tönjes
167. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
     Jaakko Tuomilehto
168. Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
     Jaakko Tuomilehto
169. South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, 60220, Finland
     Jaakko Tuomilehto
170. Department of Human Genetics and Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
     Gert-Jan van Ommen
171. Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
     Jorma Viikari
172. Department of Psychiatry and Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, 63108, Missouri, USA
     Andrew C. Heath
173. Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 4006, Queensland, Australia
     Nicholas G. Martin
174. Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 4006, Queensland, Australia
     Grant W. Montgomery
175. Division of Biostatistics,Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, 63110, Missouri, USA
     Michael A. Province & Ingrid B. Borecki
176. Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
     Manfred Kayser
177. Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, Seattle, 98115, Washington, USA
     Alice M. Arnold
178. Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
     Eric Boerwinkle
179. Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
     Christian Hengstenberg
180. Regensburg University Medical Center, Innere Medizin II, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
     Christian Hengstenberg
181. Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, Paris 91057, France.,
     G. Mark Lathrop
182. Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology and Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, Kiel, 24105, Germany
     Stefan Schreiber
183. Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, 19406, Pennsylvania, USA
     Dawn Waterworth & Vincent Mooser
184. University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
     Inês Barroso
185. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, North Carolina, USA
     Karen L. Mohlke
186. Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, 01702, Massachusetts, USA
     Caroline S. Fox
187. New York University Medical Center, New York, 10016, New York, USA
     Richard B. Hayes
188. Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
     Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
189. Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
     Brenda W. Penninx
190. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
     Brenda W. Penninx
191. Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
     Peter P. Pramstaller
192. Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
     Peter P. Pramstaller
193. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, New York, USA
     Robert C. Kaplan
194. Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27514, North Carolina, USA
     Kari E. North
195. Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21224, Maryland, USA
     David Schlessinger
196. Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
     David P. Strachan
197. Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, 81377, Germany
     H.-Erich Wichmann
198. Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, 94025, California, USA
     Eric E. Schadt
199. Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, 98109, Washington, USA
     Eric E. Schadt
200. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 101, Iceland
     Unnur Thorsteinsdottir & Kari Stefansson
201. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
     Leena Peltonen
202. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
     Mark I. McCarthy
203. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
     Joel N. Hirschhorn

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Contributions

This work was done under the auspices of the Genetic Investigation of ANthropocentric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Author contributions and roles are listed in the Supplementary Information.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toMichael N. Weedon, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Kari Stefansson, Timothy M. Frayling or Joel N. Hirschhorn.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

This file contains Supplementary Methods, additional references, Supplementary Tables 1-13, Supplementary Figures 1-3 with legends, Supplementary Methods Tables 1-3 and Supplementary Notes comprising author contributions and acknowledgments. (PDF 6588 kb)

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Lango Allen, H., Estrada, K., Lettre, G. et al. Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.Nature 467, 832–838 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09410

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• Received: 23 April 2010
• Accepted: 28 July 2010
• Published: 29 September 2010
• Issue Date: 14 October 2010
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09410