Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

This work was conducted as part of TCGA, a project of the National Cancer Institute and National Human Genome Research Institute. This work was conducted as part of the Slim Initiative for Genomic Medicine, a joint US–Mexico project founded by the Carlos Slim Health Institute. Support to D.A.G. and S.A.R. was through the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services) project ES065073 (principal investigator M. Resnick).

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Author notes

1. Michael S. Lawrence, Petar Stojanov and Paz Polak: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

1. The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02141, Massachusetts, USA
   Michael S. Lawrence, Petar Stojanov, Paz Polak, Gregory V. Kryukov, Kristian Cibulskis, Andrey Sivachenko, Scott L. Carter, Chip Stewart, Craig H. Mermel, Adam Kiezun, Peter S. Hammerman, Aaron McKenna, Yotam Drier, Lihua Zou, Alex H. Ramos, Trevor J. Pugh, Nicolas Stransky, Elena Helman, Jaegil Kim, Carrie Sougnez, Lauren Ambrogio, Elizabeth Nickerson, Erica Shefler, Maria L. Cortés, Daniel Auclair, Gordon Saksena, Douglas Voet, Michael Noble, Daniel DiCara, Pei Lin, Lee Lichtenstein, David I. Heiman, Timothy Fennell, Marcin Imielinski, Bryan Hernandez, Eran Hodis, Sylvan Baca, Austin M. Dulak, Jens Lohr, Dan-Avi Landau, Amnon Koren, Steven A. McCarroll, Robert Onofrio, Melissa Parkin, Wendy Winckler, Kristin Ardlie, Stacey B. Gabriel, Kimberly Stegmaier, Adam J. Bass, Levi A. Garraway, Matthew Meyerson, Todd R. Golub, Shamil Sunyaev, Eric S. Lander & Gad Getz
2. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA
   Petar Stojanov, Peter S. Hammerman, Trevor J. Pugh, Eran Hodis, Sylvan Baca, Austin M. Dulak, Jens Lohr, Dan-Avi Landau, Catherine J. Wu, Ryan S. Lee, Brian Crompton, Charles W. M. Roberts, Kimberly Stegmaier, Adam J. Bass, Levi A. Garraway, Matthew Meyerson & Todd R. Golub
3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
   Paz Polak, Gregory V. Kryukov, Yotam Drier, Trevor J. Pugh, Catherine J. Wu, Amnon Koren, Steven A. McCarroll, Ryan S. Lee, Charles W. M. Roberts, Adam J. Bass, Levi A. Garraway, Matthew Meyerson, Todd R. Golub, Shamil Sunyaev & Eric S. Lander
4. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
   Paz Polak, Gregory V. Kryukov & Shamil Sunyaev
5. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA
   Craig H. Mermel, Yotam Drier, Marcin Imielinski & Gad Getz
6. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA ,
   Steven A. Roberts & Dmitry A. Gordenin
7. Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA
   Aaron McKenna
8. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, 20815, Maryland, USA
   Yotam Drier & Todd R. Golub
9. Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA
   Nicolas Stransky
10. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA
    Elena Helman & Eric S. Lander
11. Department of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, 06510, Connecticut, USA
    Dan-Avi Landau
12. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico ,
    Jorge Melendez-Zajgla & Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
13. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain,
    Jaume Mora
14. Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
    Ryan S. Lee, Brian Crompton, Charles W. M. Roberts & Kimberly Stegmaier
15. Children’s Hospital, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA
    Jaclyn A. Biegel

Authors

1. Michael S. Lawrence
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2. Petar Stojanov
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3. Paz Polak
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4. Gregory V. Kryukov
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5. Kristian Cibulskis
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6. Andrey Sivachenko
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7. Scott L. Carter
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8. Chip Stewart
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9. Craig H. Mermel
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10. Steven A. Roberts
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11. Adam Kiezun
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12. Peter S. Hammerman
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13. Aaron McKenna
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14. Yotam Drier
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15. Lihua Zou
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16. Alex H. Ramos
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17. Trevor J. Pugh
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18. Nicolas Stransky
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19. Elena Helman
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20. Jaegil Kim
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21. Carrie Sougnez
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22. Lauren Ambrogio
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23. Elizabeth Nickerson
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24. Erica Shefler
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25. Maria L. Cortés
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26. Daniel Auclair
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27. Gordon Saksena
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28. Douglas Voet
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29. Michael Noble
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30. Daniel DiCara
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31. Pei Lin
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32. Lee Lichtenstein
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33. David I. Heiman
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34. Timothy Fennell
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35. Marcin Imielinski
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36. Bryan Hernandez
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37. Eran Hodis
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38. Sylvan Baca
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39. Austin M. Dulak
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40. Jens Lohr
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41. Dan-Avi Landau
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42. Catherine J. Wu
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43. Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
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44. Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
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45. Amnon Koren
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46. Steven A. McCarroll
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47. Jaume Mora
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48. Ryan S. Lee
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49. Brian Crompton
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50. Robert Onofrio
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51. Melissa Parkin
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52. Wendy Winckler
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53. Kristin Ardlie
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54. Stacey B. Gabriel
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55. Charles W. M. Roberts
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56. Jaclyn A. Biegel
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57. Kimberly Stegmaier
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58. Adam J. Bass
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59. Levi A. Garraway
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60. Matthew Meyerson
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61. Todd R. Golub
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62. Dmitry A. Gordenin
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63. Shamil Sunyaev
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64. Eric S. Lander
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65. Gad Getz
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Contributions

G.G., E.S.L., S.S., D.A.G., T.R.G., M.M., L.A.G., A.J.B., K.S., J.A.B., C.W.M.R., S.B.G., C.J.W., S.A.M., J.M.-Z. and A.H.-M. conceived the project and provided leadership. C.So., L.A., E.N., E.S., M.L.C., D.A., W.W. and K.A. provided project management. W.W., K.A., T.F., R.O. and M.P. planned and carried out DNA sequencing and genetic analysis. T.F., D.V., G.S., M.N., D.D., P.L., L.L. and D.I.H. developed and engineered software to support the project. M.S.L., P.S., P.P., G.V.K., K.C., A.S., S.L.C., C.St., C.H.M., S.A.R., A.Ki., P.S.H., A.M., Y.D., L.Z., A.H.R., T.J.P., N.S., E.H., J.K., M.I., B.H., E.H., S.B., A.M.D., J.L., D.-A.L., C.J.W., J.M.-Z., A.H.-M., A.Ko., S.A.M., R.S.L., J.M., B.C., A.J.B. and D.A.G. analysed the data and contributed to scientific discussions. M.S.L., P.S., P.P., E.S.L. and G.G. wrote the paper.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toEric S. Lander or Gad Getz.

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A patent application has been filed relating to this work.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

This file contains Supplementary Figures 1-11, Supplementary Methods 0-3, legends for Supplementary Tables 1-7 (see separate excel file for Supplementary Tables) and additional references. (PDF 1974 kb)

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Lawrence, M., Stojanov, P., Polak, P. et al. Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes.Nature 499, 214–218 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12213

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• Received: 14 June 2012
• Accepted: 22 April 2013
• Published: 16 June 2013
• Issue Date: 11 July 2013
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12213