Diabetic neuropathies: clinical manifestations and current treatment options (original) (raw)
Caputo GM et al. (1994) Assessment and management of foot disease in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med331: 854–860 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vinik E et al. (2005) The development and validation of the Norfolk QOL-DN, a new measure of patients' perception of the effects of diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Technol Ther7: 497–508 PubMed Google Scholar
Vinik AI (2004) Advances in diabetes for the millennium: new treatments for diabetic neuropathies. MedGenMed6 (3 Suppl): 13 PubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Boulton A et al. (2004) Diabetic somatic neuropathies. Diabetes Care27: 1458–1486 PubMed Google Scholar
Dyck PJ (2003) Severity and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy. In Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy, 170–175 (Eds Gries FA et al.) Stuttgart: Thieme Google Scholar
Thomas PK (1997) Classification, differential diagnosis and staging of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes46 (Suppl 2): S54–S57 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Boulton AJ et al. (2005) Position statement: diabetic neuropathies. Diabetes Care28: 956–962 PubMed Google Scholar
Vinik A and Mehrabyan A (2004) Diabetic neuropathies. Med Clin North Am88: 947–999 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Oyibo SO et al. (2002) The relationship between blood glucose excursions and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study. Diabet Med19: 870–873 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Tesfaye S et al. (1996) Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycemic control (insulin neuritis). Diabetologia39: 329–335 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sinnreich M et al. (2005) Diabetic neuropathies. Classification, clinical features, and pathophysiological basis. Neurologist11: 63–79 PubMed Google Scholar
Harris M et al. (1993) Symptoms of sensory neuropathy in adults with NIDDM in the US population. Diabetes Care16: 1446–1452 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Singleton JR et al. (2001) Painful sensory polyneuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance. Muscle Nerve24: 1225–1228 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Singleton JR et al. (2001) Increased prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with painful sensory neuropathy. Diabetes Care24: 1448–1453 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sumner C et al. (2003) The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Neurology60: 108–111 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Cavanagh PR et al. (1993) Ulceration, unsteadiness, and uncertainty: the biomechanical consequences of diabetes mellitus. J Biomech26 (Suppl 1): 23–40 PubMed Google Scholar
Katoulis EC et al. (1997) Gait abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care20: 1904–1907 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Dyck PJ et al. (1993) The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Neurology43: 817–824 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Dyck PJ (1988) Detection, characterization and staging of polyneuropathy: assessed in diabetics. Muscle Nerve11: 21–32 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vinik AI et al. (1995) Quantitative measurement of cutaneous perception in diabetic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve18: 574–584 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Abbott CA et al. (2002) The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort. Diabet Med19: 377–384 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Dyck PJ et al. (1997) Approaches to improve epidemiological studies of diabetic neuropathy: insights from the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Diabetes46 (Suppl 2): S5–S8 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Yarnitsky D and Sprecher E (1994) Thermal testing: normative data and repeatability for various test algorithms. J Neurol Sci125: 39–45 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Anonymous (1988) Consensus Statement. Report and recommendations of the San Antonio conference on diabetic neuropathy. American Diabetes Association American Academy of Neurology. Diabetes Care11: 592–597
Anonymous (1995) Peripheral Nerve Society. Diabetic polyneuropathy in controlled clinical trials: consensus report of the Peripheral Nerve Society. Ann Neurol38: 478–482
Partanen J et al. (1995) Natural history of peripheral neuropathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med333: 89–94 CASPubMed Google Scholar
DCCT Research Group (1995) The effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the development and progression of neuropathy. Ann Intern Med122: 561–568
Vinik A et al. (2004) Focal entrapment neuropathies in diabetes. Diabetes Care27: 1783–1788 PubMed Google Scholar
Kennedy WR et al. (1996) Quantitation of epidermal nerves in diabetic neuropathy. Neurology47: 1042–1048 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Polydefkis M et al. (2001) Skin biopsy as a tool to assess distal small fiber innervation in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Technol Ther3: 23–28 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Pittenger G et al. (2004) Intraepidermal nerve fibers are indicators of small fiber neuropathy in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Diabetes Care27: 1974–1979 PubMed Google Scholar
Vileikyte L et al. (2003) The development and validation of a neuropathy- and foot ulcer-specific quality of life instrument. Diabetes Care26: 2549–2555 PubMed Google Scholar
Maser RE et al. (2003) The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care26: 1895–1901 PubMed Google Scholar
Ziegler D et al. (1992) The epidemiology of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Multicenter Study Group. J Diabetes Complications6: 49–57 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vinik AI et al. (2003) Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care26: 1553–1579 PubMed Google Scholar
Ziegler D and Gries FA (1997) α-Lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes46 (Suppl 2): S62–S66 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Athyros VG et al. (1998) Long-term effect of converting enzyme inhibition on circadian sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Acta Cardiol53: 201–209 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Gaede P et al. (1999) Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: the Steno type 2 randomized study. Lancet353: 617–622 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Wilbourn AJ (1999) Diabetic entrapment and compression neuropathies. In Diabetic Neuropathy, 481–508 (Eds Dyck PJ and Thomas PK) Philadelphia: Saunders Google Scholar
Watanabe K et al. (1990) Characteristics of cranial nerve palsies in diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract10: 19–27 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Perkins B et al. (2002) Carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care25: 565–569 PubMed Google Scholar
Dyck PJ and Windebank AJ (2002) Diabetic and nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy: new insights into pathophysiology and treatment. Muscle Nerve25: 477–491 PubMed Google Scholar
Sharma K et al. (2002) Demyelinating neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Arch Neurol59: 758–765 PubMed Google Scholar
Krendel DA et al. (1997) Autoimmune diabetic neuropathy. Neurol Clin15: 959–971 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Ayyar DR and Sharma KR (2004) Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep4: 409–412 PubMed Google Scholar
DCCT Research Group (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med329: 977–986
UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998) Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ317: 703–713
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet352: 854–865
Gaede P et al. (2003) Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med348: 383–393 PubMed Google Scholar
Tesfaye S et al. (2005) Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med352: 341–350 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Ziegler D et al. (2004) Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in relation to the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care27: 2178–2183 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vincent AM et al. (2004) Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Endocr Rev25: 612–628 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Bril V and Buchanan RA (2004) Aldose reductase inhibition by AS-3201 in sural nerve from patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care27: 2369–2375 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Keen H et al. (1993) Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with γ-linolenic acid. The γ-Linolenic Acid Multicenter Trial Group. Diabetes Care16: 8–15 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Ziegler D et al. (2004) Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant α-lipoic acid: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med21: 114–121 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vinik A et al. (2005) Sural sensory nerve action potential identifies diabetic peripheral neuropathy responders to therapy. Muscle Nerve32: 619–625 PubMed Google Scholar
Vinik A et al. (2005) Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with protein kinase CB inhibitor ruboxistaurin mesylate during a 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Ther27: 1164–1180 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vinik AI (1999) Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) with recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF). In National Diabetes Association, 59th Scientific Sessions: 1999, June 19–22; San Diego, CA, 48: 0232:A54 Google Scholar
Rivard A et al. (1999) Rescue of diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis by intramuscular gene therapy with adeno-VEGF. Am J Pathol154: 355–363 CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Milicevic Z et al. (1997) Anti-ganglioside GM1 antibody and distal symmetric “diabetic polyneuropathy” with dominant motor features. Diabetologia40: 1364–1365 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vinik AI et al. (2005) Antibodies to neuronal structures: innocent bystanders or neurotoxins? Diabetes Care28: 2067–2072 PubMed Google Scholar
Granberg V et al. (2005) Autoantibodies to autonomic nerves associated with cardiac and peripheral autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care28: 1959–1964 PubMed Google Scholar
Krendel DA et al. (1995) Successful treatment of neuropathies in patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Neurol52: 1053–1061 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Rains C and Bryson HM (1995) Topical capsaicin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis. Drugs Aging7: 317–328 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Goldstein DJ et al. (2005) Duloxetine vs. placebo in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain116: 109–118 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Rosenstock J et al. (2004) Pregabalin for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain110: 628–638 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Said G et al. (1998) Uncommon early-onset neuropathy in diabetic patients. J Neurol245: 61–68 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Harati Y et al. (1998) Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Neurology50: 1842–1846 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Dworkin RH et al. (2003) Advances in neuropathic pain: diagnosis, mechanisms, and treatment recommendations. Arch Neurol60: 1524–1534 PubMed Google Scholar
Sindrup S et al. (1990) The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine is effective in treatment of diabetic neuropathy symptoms. Pain42: 135–144 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Goldstein DJ et al. (2005) Duloxetine vs. placebo in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain116: 109–118 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Backonja M et al. (1998) Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA280: 1831–1836 CASPubMed Google Scholar
DeToledo JC et al. (1997) Changes in body weight with chronic, high-dose gabapentin therapy. Ther Drug Monit19: 394–396 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Raskin P et al. (2004) Topiramate vs placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy: analgesic and metabolic effects. Neurology63: 865–873 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vinik A (2005) Use of antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab90: 4936–4945 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Cavanagh PR et al. (1992) Problems with gait and posture in neuropathic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med9: 469–474 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Liu-Ambrose T et al. (2004) Resistance and agility training reduce fall risk in women aged 75 to 85 with low bone mass: a 6-month randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc52: 657–665 PubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Jude EB et al. (2001) Biphosphonates in the treatment of Charcot neuroarthropathy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Diabetologia44: 2032–2037 CASPubMed Google Scholar