Multiple populations of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank V. Cornelius and R. Giacomantonio for their support in producing and reviewing this manuscript; S. Uk and E.S. Phelps for their contributions in the Cambodian studies; and T. Anderson for helpful review comments. The sequencing, genotyping and analysis components of this study were supported by the Wellcome Trust through core funding of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (098051), core funding of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (090532/Z/09/Z) and a Strategic Award (090770/Z/09/Z) and the MRC through the MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health (G0600718) and an MRC Professorship to D.P.K. (G19/9). Other parts of this study were partly supported by the Wellcome Trust; the MRC; the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health; and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Scholarship (55005502) to A.A.D. P.R. is a staff member of the World Health Organization; he alone is responsible for the views expressed in this publication, and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the World Health Organization.

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Author notes

  1. Youry Se: Deceased.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    Olivo Miotto, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Kirk A Rockett, Lucas Amenga-Etego, Oliver Koch, Alistair Miles, Chris I Newbold, Chris C A Spencer & Dominic P Kwiatkowski
  2. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
    Olivo Miotto, Mallika Imwong, François Nosten, Nicholas P Day, Nicholas J White & Arjen M Dondorp
  3. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
    Olivo Miotto, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Magnus Manske, Bronwyn MacInnis, Susana Campino, Kirk A Rockett, Daniel Alcock, Eleanor Drury, Mandy Sanders, Gareth Maslen, Valentin Ruano-Rubio, Dushyanth Jyothi, Samuel O Oyola, Julian C Rayner, Chris I Newbold, Matthew Berriman & Dominic P Kwiatkowski
  4. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Kirk A Rockett, Christina Hubbart, Valentin Ruano-Rubio, Alistair Miles, John O'Brien, Chris C A Spencer, Gilean McVean & Dominic P Kwiatkowski
  5. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Chanaki Amaratunga, Pharath Lim, Jennifer M Anderson, Xin-zhuan Su & Rick M Fairhurst
  6. National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    Pharath Lim, Seila Suon, Sokunthea Sreng, Socheat Duong, Chea Nguon & Char Meng Chuor
  7. Department of Immunology and Medicine, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
    David Saunders, Mark M Fukuda & Delia Bethell
  8. USAMC-AFRIMS, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    Youry Se & Chantap Lon
  9. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
    Mark M Fukuda
  10. Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana
    Lucas Amenga-Etego, Abraham V O Hodgson & Victor Asoala
  11. Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
    Mallika Imwong
  12. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Shannon Takala-Harrison & Christopher V Plowe
  13. Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
    François Nosten
  14. Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    François Nosten, Christiane Dolecek, Tran Tinh Hien, Maciej F Boni, Nicholas P Day, Nicholas J White & Arjen M Dondorp
  15. Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    Pascal Ringwald
  16. Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
    Frédéric Ariey
  17. Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
    Christiane Dolecek, Tran Tinh Hien, Maciej F Boni & Cao Quang Thai
  18. MRC Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
    Alfred Amambua-Ngwa & David J Conway
  19. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    David J Conway
  20. Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
    Abdoulaye A Djimdé & Ogobara K Doumbo
  21. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l'Ouést, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
    Issaka Zongo & Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
  22. Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
    Sarah Auburn
  23. Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    Chris Gamble
  24. Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    Chris I Newbold

Authors

  1. Olivo Miotto
  2. Jacob Almagro-Garcia
  3. Magnus Manske
  4. Bronwyn MacInnis
  5. Susana Campino
  6. Kirk A Rockett
  7. Chanaki Amaratunga
  8. Pharath Lim
  9. Seila Suon
  10. Sokunthea Sreng
  11. Jennifer M Anderson
  12. Socheat Duong
  13. Chea Nguon
  14. Char Meng Chuor
  15. David Saunders
  16. Youry Se
  17. Chantap Lon
  18. Mark M Fukuda
  19. Lucas Amenga-Etego
  20. Abraham V O Hodgson
  21. Victor Asoala
  22. Mallika Imwong
  23. Shannon Takala-Harrison
  24. François Nosten
  25. Xin-zhuan Su
  26. Pascal Ringwald
  27. Frédéric Ariey
  28. Christiane Dolecek
  29. Tran Tinh Hien
  30. Maciej F Boni
  31. Cao Quang Thai
  32. Alfred Amambua-Ngwa
  33. David J Conway
  34. Abdoulaye A Djimdé
  35. Ogobara K Doumbo
  36. Issaka Zongo
  37. Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
  38. Daniel Alcock
  39. Eleanor Drury
  40. Sarah Auburn
  41. Oliver Koch
  42. Mandy Sanders
  43. Christina Hubbart
  44. Gareth Maslen
  45. Valentin Ruano-Rubio
  46. Dushyanth Jyothi
  47. Alistair Miles
  48. John O'Brien
  49. Chris Gamble
  50. Samuel O Oyola
  51. Julian C Rayner
  52. Chris I Newbold
  53. Matthew Berriman
  54. Chris C A Spencer
  55. Gilean McVean
  56. Nicholas P Day
  57. Nicholas J White
  58. Delia Bethell
  59. Arjen M Dondorp
  60. Christopher V Plowe
  61. Rick M Fairhurst
  62. Dominic P Kwiatkowski

Contributions

S.C., C.A., P.L., S. Suon, S. Sreng, J.M.A., S.D., C.N., C.M.C., D.S., Y.S., C.L., M.M.F., L.A.-E., A.V.O.H., V.A., M.I., F.N., X.S., P.R., F.A., C.D., T.T.H., M.F.B., C.Q.T., A.A.-N., D.J.C., A.A.D., O.K.D., I.Z., J.-B.O., S.A., N.P.D., N.J.W., D.B., A.M.D., C.V.P. and R.M.F. carried out field and laboratory studies to obtain P. falciparum samples for sequencing. C.A., P.L., S. Suon, S. Sreng, J.M.A., S.D., C.N., C.M.C., D.S., Y.S., C.L., M.M.F., F.N., X.S., P.R., F.A., N.J.W., D.B., A.M.D., C.V.P. and R.M.F. carried out clinical studies to obtain ART phenotype data. S.C., D.A., E.D., M.S., S.A., O.K., S.O.O., B.M., C.I.N. and M.B. developed and implemented methods for sample processing and sequencing library preparation. O.M., J.A.-G., M.M., G. Maslen, V.R.-R., D.J. and A.M. developed software for data management and visualization. K.A.R., C.H., D.A. and M.M. carried out validation experiments. C.V.P., S.T.-H., G. McVean and R.M.F. contributed to development of the project. B.M., M.B., C.I.N. and J.C.R. provided project management and oversight. O.M., J.A.-G., M.M., J.O., C.G. and C.C.A.S. carried out data analyses. D.P.K., O.M. and J.A.-G. wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence toDominic P Kwiatkowski.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Miotto, O., Almagro-Garcia, J., Manske, M. et al. Multiple populations of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia.Nat Genet 45, 648–655 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2624

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