Apc modulates embryonic stem-cell differentiation by controlling the dosage of β-catenin signaling (original) (raw)

• Cadigan, K.M. & Nusse, R. Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development. Genes Dev. 11, 3286–3305 (1997).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Seidensticker, M.J. & Behrens, J. Biochemical interactions in the wnt pathway. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1495, 168–182 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Polakis, P. Wnt signaling and cancer. Genes Dev. 14, 1837–1851 (2000).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kinzler, K.W. & Vogelstein, B. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell 87, 159–170 (1996).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fodde, R., Smits, R. & Clevers, H. APC, signal transduction and genetic instability in colorectal cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 1, 55–67 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Fodde, R. & Smits, R. Disease model: familial adenomatous polyposis. Trends Mol. Med. 7, 369–373 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Su, L.K. et al. Multiple intestinal neoplasia caused by a mutation in the murine homolog of the APC gene. Science 256, 668–670 (1992).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Moser, A.R. et al. Homozygosity for the Min allele of Apc results in disruption of mouse development prior to gastrulation. Dev. Dyn. 203, 422–433 (1995).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Smits, R. et al. Apc1638T: a mouse model delineating critical domains of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein involved in tumorigenesis and development. Genes Dev. 13, 1309–1321 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Fodde, R. et al. A targeted chain-termination mutation in the mouse Apc gene results in multiple intestinal tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 8969–8973 (1994).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Smits, R. et al. Apc1638N: a mouse model for familial adenomatous polyposis-associated desmoid tumors and cutaneous cysts. Gastroenterology 114, 275–283 (1998).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fodde, R. & Khan, P.M. Genotype–phenotype correlations at the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Crit. Rev. Oncog. 6, 291–303 (1995).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Korinek, V. et al. Depletion of epithelial stem-cell compartments in the small intestine of mice lacking Tcf-4. Nature Genet. 19, 379–383 (1998).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Boman, B.M., Fields, J.Z., Bonham-Carter, O. & Runquist, O.A. Computer modeling implicates stem cell overproduction in colon cancer initiation. Cancer Res. 61, 8408–8411 (2001).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Korinek, V. et al. Constitutive transcriptional activation by a β-catenin–Tcf complex in _APC_−/− colon carcinoma. Science 275, 1784–1787 (1997).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Stevens, L.C. The biology of teratomas. Adv. Morphog. 6, 1–31 (1967).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hay, E.D. & Zuk, A. Transformations between epithelium and mesenchyme: normal, pathological, and experimentally induced. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 26, 678–690 (1995).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Friedrich, G. & Soriano, P. Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: a genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice. Genes Dev. 5, 1513–1523 (1991).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Tanaka, S., Kunath, T., Hadjantonakis, A.K., Nagy, A. & Rossant, J. Promotion of trophoblast stem cell proliferation by FGF4. Science 282, 2072–2075 (1998).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rudnicki, M.A. & McBurney, M.W. Cell culture methods and induction of differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cell lines. in Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach (ed. Robertson, E.) 19–50 (IRL, Oxford, UK, 1987).
  Google Scholar
• Kim, K., Pang, K.M., Evans, M. & Hay, E.D. Overexpression of β-catenin induces apoptosis independent of its transactivation function with LEF-1 or the involvement of major G1 cell cycle regulators. Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 3509–3523 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Harada, N. et al. Intestinal polyposis in mice with a dominant stable mutation of the β-catenin gene. EMBO J. 18, 5931–5942 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Urist, M.R. Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 150, 893–899 (1965).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Wozney, J.M. et al. Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities. Science 242, 1528–1534 (1988).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hollnagel, A., Oehlmann, V., Heymer, J., Ruther, U. & Nordheim, A. Id genes are direct targets of bone morphogenetic protein induction in embryonic stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19838–19845 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hu, G., Lee, H., Price, S.M., Shen, M.M. & Abate-Shen, C. Msx homeobox genes inhibit differentiation through upregulation of cyclin D1. Development 128, 2373–2384 (2001).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Chen, J. et al. Microarray analysis of Tbx2-directed gene expression: a possible role in osteogenesis. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 177, 43–54 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yamada, M., Revelli, J.P., Eichele, G., Barron, M. & Schwartz, R.J. Expression of chick Tbx-2, Tbx-3, and Tbx-5 genes during early heart development: evidence for BMP2 induction of Tbx2. Dev. Biol. 228, 95–105 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Monaghan, A.P. et al. Dickkopf genes are co-ordinately expressed in mesodermal lineages. Mech. Dev. 87, 45–56 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fodde, R. et al. Mutations in the APC tumour suppressor gene cause chromosomal instability. Nature Cell Biol. 3, 433–438 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Morin, P.J. et al. Activation of β-catenin–Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in β-catenin or APC. Science 275, 1787–1790 (1997).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lamlum, H. et al. The type of somatic mutation at APC in familial adenomatous polyposis is determined by the site of the germline mutation: a new facet to Knudson's 'two-hit' hypothesis. Nature Med. 5, 1071–1075 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Smits, R. et al. Somatic Apc mutations are selected upon their capacity to inactivate the β-catenin downregulating activity. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 29, 229–239 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Shih, I.M. et al. Top-down morphogenesis of colorectal tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 2640–2645 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Moser, A.R., Dove, W.F., Roth, K.A. & Gordon, J.I. The Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia) mutation: its effect on gut epithelial cell differentiation and interaction with a modifier system. J. Cell Biol. 116, 1517–1526 (1992).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Ryo, A., Nakamura, M., Wulf, G., Liou, Y.C. & Lu, K.P. Pin1 regulates turnover and subcellular localization of β-catenin by inhibiting its interaction with APC. Nature Cell Biol. 3, 793–801 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar