Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease (original) (raw)
- News & Views
- Published: 01 September 2001
Nature Immunology volume 2, pages 762–764 (2001)Cite this article
- 4566 Accesses
- 524 Citations
- 9 Altmetric
- Metrics details
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis consists of an inflammatory and neurodegnerative phase. Better understanding of these stages has aided the development of specific therapeutic targets.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
STEAP4 expression in CNS resident cells promotes Th17 cell-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- Junjie Zhao
- , Yun Liao
- … Zizhen Kang
Journal of Neuroinflammation Open Access 20 April 2021
MicroRNA-219c-5p regulates bladder fibrosis by targeting FN1
- Bowen Liu
- , Yafei Ding
- … Jinjian Yang
BMC Urology Open Access 07 December 2020
Retinal and brain damage during multiple sclerosis course: inflammatory activity is a key factor in the first 5 years
- Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- , Magí Andorrà
- … Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina
Scientific Reports Open Access 07 August 2020
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Additional access options:
Figure 1: The two stages of the progression of MS.

The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
Bob Crimi
References
- Trapp, B. D. et al. New Engl. J. Med. 338, 278–285 (1998).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Loseff, N. A. et al. Brain 119, 701–708 (1996).
Article Google Scholar - Haines, J. L. et al. Nature Genet. 13, 469–471 (1996).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Ebers, G. C. et al. Nature Genet. 13, 472–476 (1996).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Sawcer, S. et al. Nature Genet. 13, 464–468 (1996).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Wucherpfennig, K. W. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 1114–1122 (1997).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar - Conlon, P., Oksenberg, J. R., Zhang, J. & Steinman, L. Neurobiol. Dis. 6, 149–166 (1999).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Kappos, L. et al. Nature Med. 6, 1176–1182 (2000).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Lucchinetti, C. F., Bruck, W., Rodriguez, M. & Lassmann, H. Brain Pathol. 6, 259–274 (1996).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Pitt, D., Werner, P. & Raine, C. Nature Med. 6, 67–70 (2000).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
Lawrence Steinman
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Steinman, L. Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease.Nat Immunol 2, 762–764 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0901-762
- Issue date: 01 September 2001
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0901-762