Intestinal immune homeostasis is regulated by the crosstalk between epithelial cells and dendritic cells (original) (raw)

References

  1. Nagler-Anderson, C. Man the barrier! Strategic defences in the intestinal mucosa. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 1, 59–67 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  2. Neutra, M.R., Mantis, N.J. & Kraehenbuhl, J.P. Collaboration of epithelial cells with organized mucosal lymphoid tissues. Nat. Immunol. 2, 1004–1009 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  3. Rescigno, M. et al. Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nat. Immunol. 2, 361–367 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  4. Niess, J.H. et al. CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance. Science 307, 254–258 (2005).
    CAS Google Scholar
  5. Rescigno, M. Dendritic cells and the complexity of microbial infection. Trends Microbiol. 10, 425–461 (2002).
    CAS Google Scholar
  6. Iwasaki, A. & Medzhitov, R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat. Immunol. 5, 987–995 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  7. Akira, S. & Takeda, K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 499–511 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  8. Bilsborough, J. & Viney, J.L. Gastrointestinal dendritic cells play a role in immunity, tolerance, and disease. Gastroenterology 127, 300–309 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  9. Alpan, O., Rudomen, G. & Matzinger, P. The role of dendritic cells, B cells, and M cells in gut-oriented immune responses. J. Immunol. 166, 4843–4852 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  10. Akbari, O., DeKruyff, R.H. & Umetsu, D.T. Pulmonary dendritic cells producing IL-10 mediate tolerance induced by respiratory exposure to antigen. Nat. Immunol. 2, 725–731 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  11. Iwasaki, A. & Kelsall, B.L. Localization of distinct Peyer's patch dendritic cell subsets and their recruitment by chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α, MIP-3β, and secondary lymphoid organ chemokine. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1381–1394 (2000).
    CAS Google Scholar
  12. Iwasaki, A. & Kelsall, B.L. Unique functions of CD11b+, CD8α+, and double-negative Peyer's patch dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 166, 4884–4890 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  13. Sato, A. et al. CD11b+ Peyer's patch dendritic cells secrete IL-6 and induce IgA secretion from naive B cells. J. Immunol. 171, 3684–3690 (2003).
    CAS Google Scholar
  14. Zhang, M. et al. Splenic stroma drives mature dendritic cells to differentiate into regulatory dendritic cells. Nat. Immunol. 5, 1124–1133 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  15. McWilliam, A.S. et al. Dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli. J. Exp. Med. 184, 2429–2432 (1996).
    CAS Google Scholar
  16. Trinchieri, G., Pflanz, S. & Kastelein, R.A. The IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines: new players in the regulation of T cell responses. Immunity 19, 641–644 (2003).
    CAS Google Scholar
  17. Reche, P.A. et al. Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin preferentially stimulates myeloid cells. J. Immunol. 167, 336–343 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  18. Soumelis, V. et al. Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nat. Immunol. 3, 673–680 (2002).
    CAS Google Scholar
  19. Soumelis, V. & Liu, Y.J. Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin: a novel epithelial cell-derived cytokine and a potential key player in the induction of allergic inflammation. Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 25, 325–333 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  20. Gilliet, M. et al. Human dendritic cells activated by TSLP and CD40L induce proallergic cytotoxic T cells. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1059–1063 (2003).
    CAS Google Scholar
  21. Watanabe, N. et al. Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes dendritic cell–mediated CD4+ T cell homeostatic expansion. Nat. Immunol. 5, 426–434 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  22. Rimoldi, M., Chieppa, M., Vulcano, M., Allavena, P. & Rescigno, M. Intestinal epithelial cells control DC function. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1029, 66–74 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  23. Bouma, G. & Strober, W. The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3, 521–533 (2003).
    CAS Google Scholar
  24. Mowat, A.M. Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3, 331–341 (2003).
    CAS Google Scholar
  25. Anjuere, F. et al. Transcutaneous immunization with cholera toxin B subunit adjuvant suppresses IgE antibody responses via selective induction of Th1 immune responses. J. Immunol. 170, 1586–1592 (2003).
    CAS Google Scholar
  26. Macpherson, A.J. et al. A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria. Science 288, 2222–2226 (2000).
    CAS Google Scholar
  27. Macpherson, A.J. & Uhr, T. Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria. Science 303, 1662–1665 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  28. Jang, M.H. et al. Intestinal villous M cells: an antigen entry site in the mucosal epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 6110–6115 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  29. Mastroeni, P. & Menager, N. Development of acquired immunity to Salmonella. J. Med. Microbiol. 52, 453–459 (2003).
    CAS Google Scholar
  30. Hess, J., Ladel, C., Miko, D. & Kaufmann, S.H. Salmonella typhimurium aroA- infection in gene-targeted immunodeficient mice: major role of CD4+ TCR-αβ cells and IFN-γ in bacterial clearance independent of intracellular location. J. Immunol. 156, 3321–3326 (1996).
    CAS Google Scholar
  31. George, A. Generation of gamma interferon responses in murine Peyer's patches following oral immunization. Infect. Immun. 64, 4606–4611 (1996).
    CAS Google Scholar
  32. Liesenfeld, O., Kosek, J.C. & Suzuki, Y. Gamma interferon induces Fas-dependent apoptosis of Peyer's patch T cells in mice following peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Infect. Immun. 65, 4682–4689 (1997).
    CAS Google Scholar
  33. Vossenkamper, A. et al. Both IL-12 and IL-18 contribute to small intestinal Th1-type immunopathology following oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii, but IL-12 is dominant over IL-18 in parasite control. Eur. J. Immunol. 34, 3197–3207 (2004).
    Google Scholar
  34. Sierro, F. et al. Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 13722–13727 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  35. Vanbervliet, B. et al. Sequential involvement of CCR2 and CCR6 ligands for immature dendritic cell recruitment: possible role at inflamed epithelial surfaces. Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 231–242 (2002).
    CAS Google Scholar
  36. Dieu-Nosjean, M.C. et al. Macrophage inflammatory protein 3α is expressed at inflamed epithelial surfaces and is the most potent chemokine known in attracting Langerhans cell precursors. J. Exp. Med. 192, 705–718 (2000).
    CAS Google Scholar
  37. Eckmann, L. & Kagnoff, M.F. Cytokines in host defense against Salmonella. Microbes Infect. 3, 1191–1200 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  38. Neish, A.S. et al. Prokaryotic regulation of epithelial responses by inhibition of IkappaB-alpha ubiquitination. Science 289, 1560–1563 (2000).
    CAS Google Scholar
  39. Kelly, D. et al. Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-γ and RelA. Nat. Immunol. 5, 104–112 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  40. Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S. & Medzhitov, R. Recognition of commensal microflora by Toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 118, 229–241 (2004).
    CAS Google Scholar
  41. Sallusto, F. & Lanzavecchia, A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor α. J. Exp. Med. 179, 1109–1118 (1994).
    CAS Google Scholar
  42. Whither RNAi? Nat. Cell Biol. 5, 489–490 (2003).

Download references