A tumor-homing peptide with a targeting specificity related to lymphatic vessels (original) (raw)

References

  1. Hanahan, D. & Folkman, J. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 86, 353–364 (1996).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  2. Ruoslahti, E. Specialization of tumour vasculature. Nature Rev. Cancer 2, 83–90 (2002).
    Article Google Scholar
  3. Arap, W., Pasqualini, R. & Ruoslahti, E. Cancer treatment by targeted drug delivery to tumor vasculature in a mouse model. Science 279, 377–380 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  4. Porkka, K., Laakkonen, P., Hoffman, J.A., Bernasconi, M. & Ruoslahti, E. A fragment of the HMGN2 protein homes to the nuclei of tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (in the press).
  5. Hoffman, J.A., Laakkonen, P., Porkka, K., Bernasconi, M. & Ruoslahti, E. In vivo and ex vivo selections using phage-displayed libraries. in Phage Display: A Practical Approach (eds. Clackson, T. & Lowman, H.) (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, in the press).
  6. Oliver, G. & Detmar, M. The rediscovery of the lymphatic system: old and new insights into the development and biological function of the lymphatic vasculature. Genes Dev. 16, 773–783 (2002).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  7. Makinen, T. et al. Isolated lymphatic endothelial cells transduce growth, survival and migratory signals via the VEGF-C/D receptor VEGFR-3. EMBO J. 20, 4762–4773 (2001).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  8. Chang, Y.S. et al. Mosaic blood vessels in tumors: frequency of cancer cells in contact with flowing blood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA 97, 14608–14613 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  9. Jackson, D.G., Prevo, R., Clasper, S. & Banerji, S. LYVE-1, the lymphatic system and tumor lymphangiogenesis. Trends Immunol. 22, 317–321 (2001).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  10. Prevo, R., Banerji, S., Ferguson, D.J., Clasper, S. & Jackson, D.G. Mouse LYVE-1 is an endocytic receptor for hyaluronan in lymphatic endothelium. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 19420–19430 (2001).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  11. Breiteneder-Geleff, S. et al. Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: Podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium. Am. J. Pathol. 154, 385–394 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  12. Kubo, H. et al. Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in maintenance of integrity of endothelial cell lining during tumor angiogenesis. Blood 96, 546–553 (2000).
    CAS Google Scholar
  13. Stacker, S.A. et al. VEGF-D promotes the metastatic spread of tumor cells via the lymphatics. Nature Med. 7, 186–191 (2001).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  14. Skobe, M. et al. Induction of tumor lymphangiogenesis by VEGF-C promotes breast cancer metastasis. Nature Med. 7, 192–198 (2001).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  15. Beasley, N.J.P. et al. Intratumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res. 62, 1315–1320 (2002).
    CAS Google Scholar
  16. Mandriota, S.J. et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C-mediated lymphangiogenesis promotes tumour metastasis. EMBO J. 20, 672–682 (2001).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  17. Leu, A.J., Berk, D.A., Lymboussaki, A., Alitalo, K. & Jain, R.K. Absence of functional lymphatics within a murine sarcoma: a molecular and functional evaluation. Cancer Res. 60, 4324–4327 (2000).
    CAS Google Scholar
  18. Karpanen, T. et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes tumor lymphangiogenesis and intralymphatic tumor growth. Cancer Res. 61, 1786–1790 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  19. Carreira, C.M. et al. LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymph vessels: Expression in normal liver blood sinusoids and down-regulation in human liver cancer and cirrhosis. Cancer Res. 61, 8079–8084 (2001).
    CAS Google Scholar
  20. Valtola, R. et al. VEGFR-3 and its ligand VEGF-C are associated with angiogenesis in breast cancer. Am. J. Pathol. 154, 1381–1390 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  21. Maniotis, A.J. et al. Vascular channel formation by human melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro: Vasculogenic mimicry. Am. J. Pathol. 155, 739–752 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  22. Brooks, P.C. et al. Integrin αvβ3 antagonists promote tumor regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood vessels. Cell 79, 1157–1164 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  23. St Croix, B. et al. Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium. Science 289, 1197–202 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  24. Smith, G.P. & Scott, J.K. Libraries of peptides and proteins displayed on filamentous phage. Methods Enzymol. 217, 228–257 (1993).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  25. Wender, P.A. et al. The design, synthesis, and evaluation of molecules that enable or enhance cellular uptake: peptoid molecular transporters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 13003–13008 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar

Download references