From neuroimaging to neuroethics (original) (raw)
- Letters to Editor
- Published: 01 March 2003
Nature Neuroscience volume 6, page 205 (2003) Cite this article
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To the editor
To advance awareness of ethical issues in the neurosciences1,2,3, we studied historical and emerging trends in neuroimaging, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a model. Functional MRI has had a significant impact on the neurosciences in the past decade given its wide availability, unprecedented coupling of spatial resolution and safety, and application to a broad range of normative and clinical neurobehavioral phenomena4. Over time, the terrain of fMRI studies has expanded from examination of basic sensorimotor and cognitive processes to topics that more directly relate to human motivation, reasoning and social attitudes. Here we provide empirical validation of these trends and explore what issues they portend for the future.
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Figure 1: FMRI studies in the peer-reviewed literature from 1991 to 2001.

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Figure 2

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References
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Acknowledgements
Biostatistician P. Schraedley-Desmond, The Greenwall Foundation, Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program.
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Authors and Affiliations
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics & Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305-5748, California, USA
Judy Illes & Matthew P. Kirschen - Program in Neuroscience, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305-5748, California, USA
Matthew P. Kirschen - Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305-5748, California, USA
John D.E. Gabrieli
Authors
- Judy Illes
- Matthew P. Kirschen
- John D.E. Gabrieli
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Correspondence toJudy Illes.
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Illes, J., Kirschen, M. & Gabrieli, J. From neuroimaging to neuroethics.Nat Neurosci 6, 205 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0303-205
- Issue date: 01 March 2003
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0303-205