Dual-gated bilayer graphene hot-electron bolometer (original) (raw)

References

  1. Castro Neto, A. H., Guinea, F., Peres, N. M. R., Novoselov, K. S. & Geim, A. K. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109–162 (2009).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  2. Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J. W. & Hone, J. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321, 385–388 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  3. Chen, J-H., Jang, C., Xiao, S., Ishigami, M. & Fuhrer, M. S. Intrinsic and extrinsic performance limits of graphene devices on SiO2 . Nature Nanotech. 3, 206–209 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  4. Bolotin, K. I. et al. Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene. Solid State Commun. 146, 351–355 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  5. Du, X., Skachko, I., Barker, A. & Andrei, E. Y. Approaching ballistic transport in suspended graphene. Nature Nanotech. 3, 491–495 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  6. Dean, C. R. et al. Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics. Nature Nanotech. 5, 722–726 (2010).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  7. Wallace, P. R. The band theory of graphite. Phys. Rev. 71, 622–634 (1947).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  8. Novoselov, K. et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197–200 (2005).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  9. Zhang, Y., Tan, Y., Stormer, H. & Kim, P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene. Nature 438, 201–204 (2005).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  10. Nair, R. R. et al. Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene. Science 320, 1308 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  11. Mak, K. F., Sfeirb, M. Y., Misewich, J. A. & Heinz, T. F. The evolution of electronic structure in few-layer graphene revealed by optical spectroscopy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14999–15004 (2010).
    Article Google Scholar
  12. Gabor, N. M. et al. Hot carrier-assisted intrinsic photoresponse in graphene. Science 334, 648–652 (2011).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  13. Kalugin, N. G. et al. Graphene-based quantum Hall effect infrared photodetector operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 013504 (2011).
    Article Google Scholar
  14. Viljas, J. K. & Heikkilä, T. T. Electron–phonon heat transfer in monolayer and bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 81, 245404 (2010).
    Article Google Scholar
  15. Oostinga, J. B., Heersche, H. B., Liu, X. L., Morpurgo, A. F. & Vandersypen, L. M. K. Gate-induced insulating state in bilayer graphene devices. Nature Mater. 7, 151–157 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  16. Zhou, K. & Zhu, J. Transport in gapped bilayer graphene: the role of potential fluctuations. Phys. Rev. B 82, 081407(R) (2010).
    Article Google Scholar
  17. Taychatanapat, T. & Jarillo-Herrero, P. Electronic transport in dual-gated bilayer graphene at large displacement fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 166601 (2010).
    Article Google Scholar
  18. Yan, J. & Fuhrer, M. S. Charge transport in dual gated bilayer graphene with Corbino geometry. Nano Lett. 10, 4521–4525 (2010).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  19. Zhang, Y. et al. Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene. Nature 459, 820–823 (2009).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  20. Mak, K. F., Lui, C. H., Shan, J. & Heinz, T. F. Observation of an electric-field-induced band gap in bilayer graphene by infrared spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 256405 (2009).
    Article Google Scholar
  21. Lemme, M. C. et al. Gate-activated photoresponse in a graphene p–n junction. Nano Lett. 11, 4134–4137 (2011).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  22. Park, J., Ahn, Y. H. & Ruiz-Vargas, C. Imaging of photocurrent generation and collection in single-layer graphene. Nano Lett. 9, 1742–1746 (2009).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  23. Xia, F. N., Mueller, T., Lin, Y. M., Valdes-Garcia, A. & Avouris, P. Ultrafast graphene photodetector. Nature Nanotech. 4, 839–843 (2009).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  24. Mueller, T., Xia, F. & Avouris, P. Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications. Nature Photon. 4, 297–301 (2010).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  25. Xu, X. D., Gabor, N. M., Alden, J. S., van der Zande, A. M. & McEuen, P. L. Photo-thermoelectric effect at a graphene interface junction. Nano Lett. 10, 562–566 (2010).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  26. Skidmore, J. T., Gildemeister, J., Lee, A. T., Myers, M. J. & Richards, P. L. Superconducting bolometer for far-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 469–471 (2003).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  27. Richards, P. L. & McCreight, C. R. Infrared detectors for astrophysics. Phys. Today 58, 41–47 (February 2005).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  28. Tse, W-K., Hwang, E. H. & Das Sarma, S. Ballistic hot electron transport in graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 023128 (2008).
    Article Google Scholar
  29. Breusing, M., Ropers, C. & Elsaesser, T. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 086809 (2009).
    Article Google Scholar
  30. Lui, C. H., Mak, K. F., Shan, J. & Heinz, T. F. Ultrafast photoluminescence from graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 127404 (2010).
    Article Google Scholar
  31. Wang, H. N. et al. Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of hot optical phonons in graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 081917 (2010).
    Article Google Scholar
  32. Hale, P. J., Hornett, S. M., Moger, J., Horsell, D. W. & Hendry, E. Hot phonon decay in supported and suspended exfoliated graphene. Phys. Rev. B 83, 121404(R) (2011).
    Article Google Scholar
  33. Chatzakis, I., Yan, H., Song, D., Berciaud, S. & Heinz, T. F. Temperature dependence of the anharmonic decay of optical phonons in carbon nanotubes and graphite. Phys. Rev. B 83, 205411 (2011).
    Article Google Scholar
  34. Stephens, R. B. Low-temperature specific heat and thermal conductivity of noncrystalline dielectric solids. Phys. Rev. B 8, 2896–2905 (1973).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  35. Chen, Z., Jang, W., Bao, W., Lau, C. N. & Dames, C. Thermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 161910 (2009).
    Article Google Scholar
  36. Martin, J. et al. Observation of electron–hole puddles in graphene using a scanning single electron transistor. Nature Phys. 4, 144–148 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  37. Yan, J., Henriksen, E. A., Kim, P. & Pinczuk, A. Observation of anomalous phonon softening in bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 136804 (2008).
    Article Google Scholar
  38. Efetov, D. K. & Kim, P. Controlling electron–phonon interactions in graphene at ultrahigh carrier densities. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 256805 (2010).
    Article Google Scholar
  39. Zhang, L. M. et al. Determination of the electronic structure of bilayer graphene from infrared spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 78, 235408 (2008).
    Article Google Scholar
  40. Song, J. C. W., Reizer, M. Y. & Levitov, L. S. Supercollisions and the bottleneck for electron-lattice cooling in graphene. Preprint at http://arXiv:1111.4678v1 (2011).
  41. Richards, P. L. Bolometers for infrared and millimeter waves. J. Appl. Phys. 76, 1–24 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  42. Nishioka, N. S., Richards, P. L. & Woody, D. P. Composite bolometers for submillimeter wavelengths. Appl. Opt. 17, 1562–1567 (1978).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  43. Schwab, K., Henriksen, E. A., Worlock, J. M. & Roukes, M. L. Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance. Nature 404, 974–977 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  44. Wei, J. et al. Ultrasensitive hot-electron nanobolometers for terahertz astrophysics. Nature Nanotech. 3, 496–500 (2008).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  45. Weitz, R. T., Allen, M. T., Feldman, B. E., Martin, J. & Yacoby, A. Broken-symmetry states in doubly gated suspended bilayer graphene. Science 330, 812–816 (2010).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  46. Velasco, J. Jr et al. Transport spectroscopy of symmetry-broken insulating states in bilayer graphene. Nature Nanotech. 7, 156–160 (2012).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  47. Heersche, H. B., Jarillo-Herrero, P., Oostinga, J. B., Vandersypen, L. M. K. & Morpurgo, A. F. Bipolar supercurrent in graphene. Nature 446, 56–59 (2007).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  48. Engel, M. et al. Light–matter interaction in a microcavity-controlled graphene transistor. Preprint at http://arXiv:1112.1380 (2011).
  49. Furchi, M. et al. Microcavity-integrated graphene photodetector. Nano Lett. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl204512x (2012).

Download references