Unconventional quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase of 2π in bilayer graphene (original) (raw)

Nature Physics volume 2, pages 177–180 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

There are two known distinct types of the integer quantum Hall effect. One is the conventional quantum Hall effect, characteristic of two-dimensional semiconductor systems1,2, and the other is its relativistic counterpart observed in graphene, where charge carriers mimic Dirac fermions characterized by Berry’s phase π, which results in shifted positions of the Hall plateaus3,4,5,6,7,8,[9](/articles/nphys245#ref-CR9 "Peres, N. M. R., Guinea, F. & Castro Neto, A. H. Electronic properties of two-dimensional carbon. Preprint at < http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0506709

            &gt; (2005)."). Here we report a third type of the integer quantum Hall effect. Charge carriers in bilayer graphene have a parabolic energy spectrum but are chiral and show Berry’s phase 2_π_ affecting their quantum dynamics. The Landau quantization of these fermions results in plateaus in Hall conductivity at standard integer positions, but the last (zero-level) plateau is missing. The zero-level anomaly is accompanied by metallic conductivity in the limit of low concentrations and high magnetic fields, in stark contrast to the conventional, insulating behaviour in this regime. The revealed chiral fermions have no known analogues and present an intriguing case for quantum-mechanical studies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the High Field Magnet Laboratory (Nijmegen) for their hospitality. U.Z. and K.S.N. were partially supported by EuroMagNET of the 6th Framework ‘Structuring the European Research Area, Research Infrastructures Action’ and by the Leverhulme Trust. S.V.M. acknowledges support from the Russian Academy of Sciences. This research was funded by the EPSRC (UK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
    K. S. Novoselov, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin & A. K. Geim
  2. Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
    E. McCann & V. I. Fal’ko
  3. Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
    S. V. Morozov
  4. Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525, ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    M. I. Katsnelson & U. Zeitler

Authors

  1. K. S. Novoselov
  2. E. McCann
  3. S. V. Morozov
  4. V. I. Fal’ko
  5. M. I. Katsnelson
  6. U. Zeitler
  7. D. Jiang
  8. F. Schedin
  9. A. K. Geim

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Correspondence toA. K. Geim.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Novoselov, K., McCann, E., Morozov, S. et al. Unconventional quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase of 2π in bilayer graphene.Nature Phys 2, 177–180 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys245

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