Biological fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative parkinsonism (original) (raw)
de Rijk, M. C. et al. Prevalence of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in Europe: the EUROPARKINSON Collaborative Study. European Community Concerted Action on the Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry62, 10–15 (1997). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Miller, D. C., Hafez, K. S., Stewart, A., Montie, J. E. & Wei, J. T. Prostate carcinoma presentation, diagnosis, and staging: an update form the National Cancer Data Base. Cancer98, 1169–1178 (2003). PubMed Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, S. S. et al. Clinical outcomes of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Brain131, 1362–1372 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Ben-Shlomo, Y. & Lees, A. J. The accuracy of diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in a specialist movement disorder service. Brain125, 861–870 (2002). PubMed Google Scholar
Litvan, I. et al. Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology48, 119–125 (1997). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Osaki, Y. et al. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov. Disord.19, 181–189 (2004). PubMed Google Scholar
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L. & Lees, A. J. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry55, 181–184 (1992). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Osaki, Y. et al. Do published criteria improve clinical diagnostic accuracy in multiple system atrophy? Neurology59, 1486–1491 (2002). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Rajput, A. H., Rozdilsky, B. & Rajput, A. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in parkinsonism—a prospective study. Can. J. Neurol. Sci.18, 275–278 (1991). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Schrag, A., Ben-Shlomo, Y. & Quinn, N. How valid is the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in the community? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry73, 529–534 (2002). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Katzenschlager, R., Cardozo, A., Avila Cobo, M. R., Tolosa, E. & Lees, A. J. Unclassifiable parkinsonism in two European tertiary referral centres for movement disorders. Mov. Disord.18, 1123–1131 (2003). PubMed Google Scholar
Spillantini, M. G. et al. α-Synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature388, 839–840 (1997). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Lewy, F. H. Paralysis agitans. In Handbuch der Neurologie (Ed. Lawandowsky, M.) 920–958 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1912). Google Scholar
Kosaka, K. Diffuse Lewy body disease in Japan. J. Neurol.237, 197–204 (1990). CASPubMed Google Scholar
McKeith, I. G. et al. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the consortium on DLB international workshop. Neurology47, 1113–1124 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Polymeropoulos, M. H. et al. Mapping of a gene for Parkinson's disease to chromosome 4q21-q23. Science274, 1197–1199 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Mollenhauer, B. et al. Direct quantification of CSF α-synuclein by ELISA and first cross-sectional study in patients with neurodegeneration. Exp. Neurol.213, 315–325 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Tokuda, T. et al. Decreased α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid of aged individuals and subjects with Parkinson's disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.349, 162–166 (2006). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Barber, R., Panikkar, A. & McKeith, I. G. Dementia with Lewy bodies: diagnosis and management. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry16 (Suppl. 1), S12–S18 (2001). PubMed Google Scholar
Holmberg, B., Johnels, B., Blennow, K. & Rosengren, L. Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 is reduced in multiple system atrophy but normal in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov. Disord.18, 186–190 (2003). PubMed Google Scholar
Kanemaru, K., Kameda, N. & Yamanouchi, H. Decreased CSF amyloid-β42 and normal tau levels in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology54, 1875–1876 (2000). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sjögren, M. et al. CSF levels of tau, β-amyloid1–42 and GAP-43 in frontotemporal dementia, other types of dementia and normal aging. J. Neural Transm.107, 563–579 (2000). PubMed Google Scholar
Verbeek, M. M. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 levels in multiple system atrophy. Mov. Disord.19, 238–240 (2004). PubMed Google Scholar
Mollenhauer, B. et al. β-amlyoid1–42 and tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease dementia. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord.22, 200–208 (2006). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Spillantini, M. G. & Goedert, M. Tau protein pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci.21, 428–433 (1998). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Perl, D. P. Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Neurol. Clin.18, 847–864 (2000). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sonnen, J. A. et al. Biomarkers for cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly people. Lancet Neurol.7, 704–714 (2008). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Dubois, B. et al. Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS–ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurol.6, 734–746 (2007). PubMed Google Scholar
Clark, L. N. et al. Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene are associated with early-onset Parkinson disease. Neurology69, 1270–1277 (2007). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Balducci, C. et al. Lysosomal hydrolases in cerebrospinal fluid from subjects with Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord.22, 1481–1484 (2007). PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang, J. et al. CSF multianalyte profile distinguishes Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol.129, 526–529 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Litvan, I. et al. Accuracy of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome). Neurology46, 922–930 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Steele, J. C., Richardson, J. C. & Olszewski, J. Progressive supranuclear palsy. A heterogeneous degeneration involving the brain stem, basal ganglia and cerebellum with vertical gaze and pseudobulbar palsy, nuchal dystonia and dementia. Arch. Neurol.10, 333–359 (1964). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Williams, D. R. et al. Characteristics of two distinct clinical phenotypes in pathologically proven progressive supranuclear palsy: Richardson's syndrome and PSP-parkinsonism. Brain128, 1247–1258 (2005). PubMed Google Scholar
Williams, D. R. et al. Pathological tau burden and distribution distinguishes progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism from Richardson's syndrome. Brain130, 1566–1576 (2007). PubMed Google Scholar
Jellinger, K. A., Bancher, C., Hauw, J. J. & Verny, M. Progressive supranuclear palsy: neuropathologically based diagnostic clinical criteria. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry59, 106 (1995). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Noguchi, M. et al. Decreased β-amyloid peptide42 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. J. Neurol. Sci.237, 61–65 (2005). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Borroni, B. et al. Pattern of tau forms in CSF is altered in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurobiol. Aging30, 34–40 (2009). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Borroni, B. et al. Tau forms in CSF as a reliable biomarker for progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology71, 1796–1803 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Gai, W. P., Power, J. H., Blumbergs, P. C. & Blessing, W. W. Multiple-system atrophy: a new α-synuclein disease? Lancet352, 547–548 (1998). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Petzold, A. Neurofilament phosphoforms: surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss. J. Neurol. Sci.233, 183–198 (2005). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Holmberg, B., Rosengren, L., Karlsson, J. E. & Johnels, B. Increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament protein in progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple-system atrophy compared with Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord.13, 70–77 (1998). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Brettschneider, J. et al. Neurofilament heavy-chain NfHSMI35 in cerebrospinal fluid supports the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes. Mov. Disord.21, 2224–2227 (2006). PubMed Google Scholar
Sanchez-Juan, P. et al. CSF tests in the differential diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Neurology67, 637–643 (2006). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Otto, M. et al. Elevated levels of tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Neurosci. Lett.225, 210–212 (1997). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Rebeiz, J. J., Kolodny, E. H. & Richardson, E. P., Jr. Corticodentatonigral degeneration with neuronal achromasia. Arch. Neurol.18, 20–33 (1968). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Boeve, B. F. et al. Pathologic heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed corticobasal degeneration. Neurology53, 795–800 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Hodges, J. R. et al. Clinicopathological correlates in frontotemporal dementia. Ann. Neurol.56, 399–406 (2004). PubMed Google Scholar
Urakami, K. et al. Diagnostic significance of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with corticobasal degeneration or progressive supranuclear palsy. J. Neurol. Sci.183, 95–98 (2001). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Bian, H. et al. CSF biomarkers in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with known pathology. Neurology70, 1827–1835 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Riemenschneider, M. et al. Tau and Aβ42 protein in CSF of patients with frontotemporal degeneration. Neurology58, 1622–1628 (2002). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Pijnenburg, Y. A. et al. CSF biomarkers in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: relations with clinical characteristics, apolipoprotein E genotype, and neuroimaging. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry77, 246–248 (2006). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Schoonenboom, N. S. et al. Amyloid β(1–42) and phosphorylated tau in CSF as markers for early-onset Alzheimer disease. Neurology62, 1580–1584 (2004). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Fabre, S. F. et al. Clinic-based cases with frontotemporal dementia show increased cerebrospinal fluid tau and high apolipoprotein E ε4 frequency, but no tau gene mutations. Exp. Neurol.168, 413–418 (2001). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Green, A. J., Harvey, R. J., Thompson, E. J. & Rossor, M. N. Increased tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett.259, 133–135 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Mehta, P. D. et al. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid β proteins 1–40 and 1–42 in Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol.57, 100–105 (2000). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Pijnenburg, Y. A. et al. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β(1–40) levels in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry78, 735–737 (2007). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
de Jong, D. et al. CSF neurofilament proteins in the differential diagnosis of dementia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry78, 936–938 (2007). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Zijlmans, J. C., Daniel, S. E., Hughes, A. J., Revesz, T. & Lees, A. J. Clinicopathological investigation of vascular parkinsonism, including clinical criteria for diagnosis. Mov. Disord.19, 630–640 (2004). PubMed Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. et al. Sensitivity, specificity, and stability of CSF-tau in AD in a community-based patient sample. Neurology53, 1488–1494 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Vigo-Pelfrey, C. et al. Elevation of microtubule-associated protein tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology45, 788–793 (1995). CASPubMed Google Scholar
de Jong, D., Jansen, R. W., Kremer, B. P. & Verbeek, M. M. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β42/phosphorylated tau ratio discriminates between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.61, 755–758 (2006). PubMed Google Scholar
Kosunen, O. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathological study. Acta Neuropathol.91, 185–193 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Hakim, S. & Adams, R. D. The special clinical problem of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Observations on cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. J. Neurol. Sci.2, 307–327 (1965). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Schott, J. M. et al. Shunt responsive progressive supranuclear palsy? Mov. Disord.22, 902–903 (2007). PubMed Google Scholar
Savolainen, S., Paljarvi, L. & Vapalahti, M. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in patients investigated for presumed normal pressure hydrocephalus: a clinical and neuropathological study. Acta Neurochir. (Wien)141, 849–853 (1999). CAS Google Scholar
Kudo, T. et al. Tau protein is a potential biological marker for normal pressure hydrocephalus. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.54, 199–202 (2000). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Kapaki, E. N. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid tau, phospho-tau181 and β-amyloid1–42 in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a discrimination from Alzheimer's disease. Eur. J. Neurol.14, 168–173 (2007). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Bateman, R. J., Wen, G., Morris, J. C. & Holtzman, D. M. Fluctuations of CSF amyloid-β levels: implications for a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. Neurology68, 666–669 (2007). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Lewczuk, P. et al. International quality control survey of neurochemical dementia diagnostics. Neurosci. Lett.409, 1–4 (2006). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Blennow, K. et al. Longitudinal stability of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett.419, 18–22 (2007). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Kaiser, E., Schonknecht, P., Thomann, P. A., Hunt, A. & Schroder, J. Influence of delayed CSF storage on concentrations of phospho-tau protein (181), total tau protein and β-amyloid (1–42). Neurosci. Lett.417, 193–195 (2007). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Lewczuk, P. et al. Effect of sample collection tubes on cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of tau proteins and amyloid β peptides. Clin. Chem.52, 332–334 (2006). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Weisskopf, M. G., O'Reilly, E., Chen, H., Schwarzschild, M. A. & Ascherio, A. Plasma urate and risk of Parkinson's disease. Am. J. Epidemiol.166, 561–567 (2007). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Davis, J. W. et al. Observations on serum uric acid levels and the risk of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Am. J. Epidemiol.144, 480–484 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
de Lau, L. M., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A. & Breteler, M. M. Serum uric acid levels and the risk of Parkinson disease. Ann. Neurol.58, 797–800 (2005). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Alonso, A., Rodriguez, L. A., Logroscino, G. & Hernan, M. A. Gout and risk of Parkinson disease: a prospective study. Neurology69, 1696–1700 (2007). PubMed Google Scholar
Duan, W. et al. Dietary folate deficiency and elevated homocysteine levels endanger dopaminergic neurons in models of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurochem.80, 101–110 (2002). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Church, W. H. & Ward, V. L. Uric acid is reduced in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease: effect on dopamine oxidation. Brain Res. Bull.33, 419–425 (1994). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Schwarzschild, M. A. et al. Serum urate as a predictor of clinical and radiographic progression in Parkinson disease. Arch. Neurol.65, 716–723 (2008). PubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Bogdanov, M. et al. Metabolomic profiling to develop blood biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Brain131, 389–396 (2008). PubMed Google Scholar
Connolly, J., Siderowf, A., Clark, C. M., Mu, D. & Pratico, D. F2 isoprostane levels in plasma and urine do not support increased lipid peroxidation in cognitively impaired Parkinson disease patients. Cogn. Behav. Neurol.21, 83–86 (2008). PubMed Google Scholar
Sato, S., Mizuno, Y. & Hattori, N. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels as a biomarker for progression of Parkinson disease. Neurology64, 1081–1083 (2005). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Barbour, R. et al. Red blood cells are the major source of alpha-synuclein in blood. Neurodegener. Dis.5, 55–59 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Michell, A. W., Luheshi, L. M. & Barker, R. A. Skin and platelet α-synuclein as peripheral biomarkers of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci. Lett.381, 294–298 (2005). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Tamo, W. et al. Expression of α-synuclein, the precursor of non-amyloid β component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid, in human cerebral blood vessels. Neurosci. Lett.326, 5–8 (2002). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Hoepken, H. H. et al. Parkinson patient fibroblasts show increased alpha-synuclein expression. Exp. Neurol.212, 307–313 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Michell, A. W., Lewis, S. J., Foltynie, T. & Barker, R. A. Biomarkers and Parkinson's disease. Brain127, 1693–1705 (2004). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Tolosa, E., Wenning, G. & Poewe, W. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol.5, 75–86 (2006). PubMed Google Scholar
Gibb, W. R. & Lees, A. J. The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry51, 745–752 (1988). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Williams, D. R. & Lees, A. J. Progressive supranuclear palsy: clinicopathological concepts and diagnostic challenges. Lancet Neurol.8, 270–279 (2009). PubMed Google Scholar
Litvan, I. et al. Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome): report of the NINDS-SPSP international workshop. Neurology47, 1–9 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Gilman, S. et al. Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neurology71, 670–676 (2008). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar