Sodium in the Finnish diet: 20-year trends in urinary sodium excretion among the adult population (original) (raw)
References
Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S (1998). Dietary sodium intake and mortality: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Lancet351, 781–785. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Alderman MH, Madhavan S, Cohen H, Sealey JE, Laragh JH (1995). Low urinary sodium is associated with greater risk of myocardial infarction among treated hypertensive men. Hypertension25, 1144–1152. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Altschul AM, Ayers WR, Grommet JK, Slotkoff L (1981). Salt sensitivity in experimental animals and man. Int J Obes5 (Suppl), S27–S38. Google Scholar
Bingham SA, Williams R, Cole TJ, Price CP, Cummings JH (1988). Reference values for analytes of 24-h urine collections known to be complete. Ann Clin Biochem25 (Part 6), 610–619. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cutler JA, Follmann D, Allender PS (1997). Randomized trials of sodium reduction: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr65 (Suppl), S643–S651. Article Google Scholar
de Wardener HE, MacGregor GA (2002). Harmful effects of dietary salt in addition to hypertension. J Hum Hypertens16, 213–223. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Graudal NA, Galloe AM, Garred P (1998). Effects of sodium restriction on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride: a meta-analysis. JAMA279, 1383–1391. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
He FJ, MacGregor GA (2002). Effect of modest salt reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Implications for public health. J Hum Hypertens16, 761–770. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
He J, Ogden LG, Vupputuri S, Bazzano LA, Loria C, Whelton PK (1999). Dietary sodium intake and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight adults. JAMA282, 2027–2034. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2000). Balance Sheet for Food Commodities 1998 and 1999. Helsinki: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
Intersalt Cooperative Research Group (1988). Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. BMJ297, 319–328.
Jacobson MF (2005). Salt The Forgotten Killer. Center for Science in the Public Interest: Washington DC. Google Scholar
Joossens JV, Hill MJ, Elliott P, Stamler R, Lesaffre E, Dyer A et al. (1996). Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach cancer mortality in 24 countries. European Cancer Prevention (ECP) and the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. Int J Epidemiol25, 494–504. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Karvonen MJ, Punsar S (1977). Sodium excretion and blood pressure of West and East Finns. Acta Med Scand202, 501–507. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kastarinen MJ, Puska PM, Korhonen MH, Mustonen JN, Salomaa VV, Sundvall JE et al. (2002). Non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension in primary health care: a 2-year open randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention against hypertension in eastern Finland. J Hypertens20, 2505–2512. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kastarinen MJ, Salomaa VV, Vartiainen EA, Jousilahti PJ, Tuomilehto JO, Puska PM et al. (1998). Trends in blood pressure levels and control of hypertension in Finland from 1982 to 1997. J Hypertens16, 1379–1387. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Keys A (1970). Coronary Heart Disease in Seven Countries. American Heart Association, Monograph No. 29: New York. Google Scholar
Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E (1990). Increasing sensitivity of blood pressure to dietary sodium and potassium with increasing age. A population study using casual urine specimens. Am J Hypertens3 (6 Part), 505–511. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, O'Brien E, Wareham N et al. (2004). Blood pressure and urinary sodium in men and women: the Norfolk Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). Am J Clin Nutr80, 1397–1403. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Khaw KT, Rose G (1982). Population study of blood pressure and associated factors in St Lucia, West Indies. Int J Epidemiol11, 372–377. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Laatikainen T, Tapanainen H, Alfthan G, Salminen I, Sundvall J, Leiviskä J et al. (2003). FINRISKI 2002. Survey implementation and results 1 (In Finnish, English summary). National Public Health Institute: Helsinki. Google Scholar
Langhoff E, Steiness I (1982). Potentiometric analysis for sodium and potassium in biological fluids. Clin Chem28, 170–172. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Midgley JP, Matthew AG, Greenwood CM, Logan AG (1996). Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA275, 1590–1597. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Shimizu N, Shimizu H (2004). Sodium intake and risk of death from stroke in Japanese men and women. Stroke35, 1543–1547. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Nissinen A, Kastarinen M, Tuomilehto J (2004). Community control of hypertension-experiences from Finland. J Hum Hypertens18, 553–556. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nissinen A, Pietinen P, Tuomilehto J, Tanskanen A, Moisio S, Puska P (1982). Experiments with dietary intervention in hypertension control-implementation of the North Karelia Salt Project. Magnesium1, 232–240. Google Scholar
Nordic Council of Ministers (2004). Nordic nutrition recommendations 2004. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers. Nord13, 22.
Ovesen L, Boeing H (2002). The use of biomarkers in multicentric studies with particular consideration of iodine, sodium, iron, folate and vitamin D. Eur J Clin Nutr56 (Suppl), S12–S17. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Perry IJ, Beevers DG (1992). Salt intake and stroke: a possible direct effect. J Hum Hypertens6, 23–25. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Pietinen P, Vartiainen E, Seppanen R, Aro A, Puska P (1996). Changes in diet in Finland from 1972 to 1992: impact on coronary heart disease risk. Prev Med25, 243–250. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Poulter N, Khaw KT, Hopwood BE, Mugambi M, Peart WS, Rose G et al. (1984). Blood pressure and its correlates in an African tribe in urban and rural environments. J Epidemiol Community Health38, 181–185. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Puska P, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A, Vartiainen E (1995). The North Karelia Project: 20 year results and experiences. National Public Health Institute: Helsinki. Google Scholar
Reinivuo H, Valsta L, Laatikainen T, Tuomilehto J, Pietinen P (2006). Sodium in the Finnish diet: trends in dietary sodium intake and comparison between intake and 24-hour excretion of sodium. Eur J Clin Nutr, in press.
Rocchini AP, Key J, Bondie D, Chico R, Moorehead C, Katch V et al. (1989). The effect of weight loss on the sensitivity of blood pressure to sodium in obese adolescents. N Engl J Med321, 580–585. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D et al. (2001). Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med344, 3–10. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Safar ME, Thuilliez C, Richard V, Benetos A (2000). Pressure-independent contribution of sodium to large artery structure and function in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res46, 269–276. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Simon G (2003). Experimental evidence for blood pressure-independent vascular effects of high sodium diet. Am J Hypertens16, 1074–1078. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Thom T, Epstein F, Feldman J, Leaverton P, Wolz M (1992). Total mortality and mortality from heart disease, cancer and stroke from 1950 to 1987 in 27 countries. National Institutes of Health. Google Scholar
Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P, Rastenyte D, Moltchanov V, Tanskanen A, Pietinen P et al. (2001). Urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular mortality in Finland: a prospective study. Lancet357, 848–851. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tuomilehto J, Karppanen H, Tanskanen A, Tikkanen J, Vuori J (1980). Sodium and potassium excretion in a sample of normotensive and hypertensive persons in eastern Finland. J Epidemiol Community Health34, 174–178. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Tuomilehto J, Pietinen P, Uusitalo U, Korhonen H, Nissinen A (1989). Changes in sodium and potassium intake in Finland during the 1980s. In: Yamori Y, Strasser T (Eds). New horizons in preventing cardiovascular disease. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.: Amsterdam,pp. 229–240. Google Scholar
Tuomilehto J, Puska P, Nissinen A, Salonen J, Tanskanen A, Pietinen P et al. (1984). Community-based prevention of hypertension in North Karelia, Finland. Ann Clin Res16 (Suppl), S18–S27. Google Scholar
Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Alfthan G, Sundvall J, Pietinen P, Puska P (2000). Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972–1997. Int J Epidemiol29, 49–56. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Vartiainen E, Puska P, Pekkanen J, Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P (1994). Changes in risk factors explain changes in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland. BMJ309, 23–27. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Waterhouse J, Muir C, Correa P, Powell J (eds) (1976). Cancer incidence in five continents,vol. III. IARC: Lyon.Report no. 15. Google Scholar
WHO (2003). Diet, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. World Health Organization: Geneva.
Wolf HK, Tuomilehto J, Kuulasmaa K, Domarkiene S, Cepaitis Z, Molarius A, et al., for WHO MONICA Project (1997). Blood pressure levels in the 41 populations of the WHO MONICA project. J Human Hypertens12, 733–742. Article Google Scholar