Tobacco smoking in relation to body fat mass and distribution in a general population sample (original) (raw)

• Adami HO, Trichopoulos D . Obesity and mortality from cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1623–1624.
  Article Google Scholar
• Poulter N . Global risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart 2003; 89: ii2.
  Article Google Scholar
• Blitzer PH, Rimm AA, Giffer EE . The effect of cessation of smoking on body weight in 57 032 women: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. J Chronic Dis 1977; 30: 415–429.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Stamford BA, Matter S, Fell RD, Papanek P . Effects of smoking cessation on weight gain, metabolic rate caloric consumption, and blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 43: 486–494.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Albanes D, Jones DY, Micozzi MS, Mattson ME . Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population: analysis on NHANES II. Am J Public Health 1987; 77: 439–444.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Williamson DF, Madans J, Anda RG, Kleinman JC, Giovino GA, Byers T . Smoking cessation and severity of weight gain in a national cohort. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 739–745.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Froom P, Melamed S, Benbassat J . Smoking cessation and weight gain. Fam Pract 1998; 46: 460–464.
  CAS Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith V, Hannaford PC . Stopping smoking and body weight in women living in the United Kingdom. Br J Gen Pract 1999; 49: 989–990.
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Hughes JR . Tobacco withdrawal in self-quitters. J Consult Clin Psychol 1992; 60: 689–697.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Patten CA, Martin JE . Measuring tobacco withdrawal: a review of self-report questionnaires. J Subst Abuse 1996; 8: 93–113.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Piasecki TM, Fiore MC, Baker TB . Profiles in discouragement: two studies of variability in the time course of smoking withdrawal symptoms. J Abnorm Psychol 1998; 107: 238–251.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Barrett-Connor E, Khaw K . Cigarette smoking and increased central adiposity. Ann Intern Med 1989; 111: 783–787.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Shimokata H, Muller DC, Andres R . Studies in the distribution of body fat. III. Effects of cigarette smoking. JAMA 1989; 261: 1169–1173.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Troisi RJ, Heinold JW, Vokonas PS, Weiss ST . Cigarette smoking, dietary intake, and physical activity: effects on body fat distribution—the Normative Aging Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 1104–1111.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Simon JA, Seeley DG, Lipschutz RC, Vittinghoff E, Browner WS . The relation of smoking to waist-to-hip ratio and diabetes mellitus among elderly women. Prev Med 1997; 26: 639–644.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Visser M, Launer LJ, Deurenberg P, Deeg DJ . Past and current smoking in relation to body fat distribution in older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999; 54: M293–M298.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Trichopoulou A, Gnardellis C, Lagiou P, Benetou V, Naska A, Trichopoulos D . Physical activity and energy intake selectively predict the waist-to-hip ratio in men but not in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 574–578.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D . Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2599–2608.
  Article Google Scholar
• Riboli E, Kaaks R . The EPIC project: rational and study design. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26: S6–S14.
  Article Google Scholar
• Costacou T, Bamia C, Ferrari P, Riboli E, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A . Tracing the Mediterranean diet through principal components and cluster analyses in the Greek population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 1378–1385.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Trichopoulou A, Gnardellis C, Lagiou P, Benetou V, Trichopoulos D . Body mass index in relation to energy intake and expenditure among adults in Greece. Epidemiology 2000; 11: 333–336.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ainsworth B, Haskell WL, Leon AS . Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 71–80.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Gnardellis C, Trichopoulou A, Katsouyianni K, Polychronopoulos E, Rimm EB, Trichopoulos D . Reproducibility and validity of an extensive semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire among Greek school teachers. Epidemiology 1995; 6: 74–77.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Trichopoulou A . Composition of Greek Foods and Dishes (in Greek and English). Athens School of Public Health: Athens; 1992.
  Google Scholar
• Trichopoulou A, Georga K . Composition Tables of Simple and Composite Foods. Parisianos: Athens; 2002.
  Google Scholar
• Katsouyianni K, Rimm EB, Gnardellis C, Trichopoulos D, Polychronopoulos E, Trichopoulou A . Reproducibility and relative validity of an extensive semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire using dietary records and chemical markers among Greek school teachers. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26: S118–S127.
  Article Google Scholar
• Trichopoulos D, Hsieh CC, MacMahon B, Lin TM, Lowe CR, Mirra AP, Ravnihar B, Salber EJ, Valaoras VG, Yuasa S . Age at any birth and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 1983; 31: 701–704.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Miettinen OS . Theoritical Epidemiology: Principles of Occurrence Research in Medicine. Wiley: New York, NY; 1985.
  Google Scholar
• STATA [computer program]. STATA Corporation: Intercooled Stata 7.0 for Windows 98/95/NT. Texas, USA; 2002.
• Martinez JA, Kearney JM, Kafatos A, Paquet S, Martinez-Gonzalez MA . Variables independently associated with self-reported obesity in the European Union. Public Health Nutr 1999; 2: 125–133.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• de Martins VM, Almeida RMRV, Pereira RA, Barros MBA . Factors associated with overweight and central body fat in the city of Rio de Janeiro: results of a two stage random sampling survey. Public Health 2001; 115: 236–242.
  Google Scholar
• Colditz GA, Segal MR, Myers AH, Stampfer MJ, Willett W, Speizer FE . Weight change in relation to smoking cessation among women. J Smoking Relat Disord 1992; 3: 145–153.
  Google Scholar
• Istvan JA, Nides MA, Buist AS, Greene P, Voelker H . Salivary cotinine, frequency of cigarette smoking, and body mass index: findings at baseline in the Lung Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139: 628–636.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Liu L, Choudhury SR, Okayama A, Hayakawa T, Kita Y, Ueshima H . Changes in body mass index and its relationships to other cardiovascular risk factors among Japanese population: results from the 1980 and 1990 national cardiovascular surveys in Japan. J Epidemiol 1999; 9: 163–174.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Klesges RC, Eck LH, Isbell TR, Fulliton W, Hanson CL . Smoking status: effects on the dietary intake, physical activity, and body fat of adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51: 784–789.
  Article CAS Google Scholar