Somatic activation of the K-ras oncogene causes early onset lung cancer in mice (original) (raw)

References

  1. Bos, J. L. ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review. Cancer Res. 49, 4682–4689 (1989); erratum Cancer Res 50, 1352 (1990).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  2. Khosravi-Far, R. & Der, C. J. The Ras signal transduction pathway. Cancer Met. Rev. 13, 67–89 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  3. Bos, J. L. et al. Prevalence of ras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers. Nature 327, 293–297 (1987).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  4. Mills, N. E., Fishman, C. L., Rom, W. N., Dubin, N. & Jacobson, D. R. Increased prevalence of K-ras oncogene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 55, 1444–1447 (1995).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  5. Pellegata, N. S. et al. K-ras and p53 gene mutations in pancreatic cancer: ductal and nonductal tumors progress through different genetic lesions. Cancer Res. 54, 1556–1560 (1994).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  6. Vogelstein, B. et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N. Engl. J. Med. 319, 525–532 (1988).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  7. Adams, J. M. & Cory, S. Transgenic models of tumor development. Science 254, 1161–1167 (1991).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  8. Hasty, P., Ramirez-Solis, R., Krumlauf, R. & Bradley, A. Introduction of a subtle mutation into the Hox-2.6 locus in embryonic stem cells. Nature 350, 243–246 (1991); erratum Nature 53, 94 (1991).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  9. Johnson, L. et al. K-ras is an essential gene in the mouse with partial functional overlap with N-ras. Genes Dev. 11, 2468–2481 (1997); erratum Genes Dev. 11, 3277 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  10. Seperack, P. K., Strobel, M. C., Corrow, D. J., Jenkins, N. A. & Copeland, N. G. Somatic and germ-line reverse mutation rates of the retrovirus-induced dilute coat-color mutation of DBA mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 189–192 (1988).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  11. Thrane, E. V. et al. Differential distribution and increased levels of ras proteins during lung development. Exp. Lung Res. 23, 35–49 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  12. Nakanishi, K. Alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 114, 363–368 (1990).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  13. Kitamura, H., Kameda, Y., Ito, T. & Hayashi, H. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung. Implications for the pathogenesis of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 111, 610–622 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  14. Linnoila, R. I., Mulshine, J. L., Steinberg, S. M. & Gazdar, A. F. Expression of surfactant-associated protein in non-small-cell lung cancer: a discriminant between biologic subsets. J. Natl Cancer Inst. Monogr. 13, 61–66 (1992).
    Google Scholar
  15. Pretlow, T. P. et al. Aberrant crypts: putative preneoplastic foci in human colonic mucosa. Cancer Res. 51, 1564–1567 (1991).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  16. Bos, J. L. The ras gene family and human carcinogenesis. Mutat. Res. 195, 255–271 (1988).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  17. Finney, R. E. & Bishop, J. M. Predisposition to neoplastic transformation caused by gene replacement of H-ras1. Science 260, 1524–1527 (1993).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  18. Bremner, R. & Balmain, A. Genetic changes in skin tumor progression: correlation between presence of a mutant ras gene and loss of heterozygosity on mouse chromosome 7. Cell 61, 407–417 (1990).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  19. Yokota, J., Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y., Battifora, H., Le Fevre, C. & Cline, M. J. Alterations of myc, myb, and rasHa proto-oncogenes in cancers are frequent and show clinical correlation. Science 231, 261–265 (1986).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  20. Bonner, R. F. et al. Laser capture microdissection: molecular analysis of tissue. Science 278, 1481–1483 (1997).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  21. Salgia, R. & Skarin, A. T. Molecular abnormalities in lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 16, 1207–1217 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  22. Serrano, M., Lin, A. W., McCurrach, M. E., Beach, D. & Lowe, S. W. Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. Cell 88, 593–602 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  23. Tanaka, N. et al. Cellular commitment to oncogene-induced transformation or apoptosis is dependent on the transcription factor IRF-1. Cell 77, 829–839 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  24. Jacks, T. et al. Tumor spectrum analysis in p53-mutant mice. Curr. Biol. 4, 1–7 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  25. Tuveson, D. A. & Jacks, T. Modeling human lung cancer in mice: similarities and shortcomings. Oncogene 18, 5318–5324 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  26. Yamashita, N., Minamoto, T., Ochiai, A., Onda, M. & Esumi, H. Frequent and characteristic K-ras activation in aberrant crypt foci of colon. Is there preference among K-ras mutants for malignant progression? Cancer 75, 1527–1533 (1995).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  27. Moser, A. R., Pitot, H. C. & Dove, W. F. A dominant mutation that predisposes to multiple intestinal neoplasia in the mouse. Science 247, 322–324 (1990).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  28. Gibbs, J. B., Oliff, A. & Kohl, N. E. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: Ras research yields a potential cancer therapeutic. Cell 77, 175–178 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  29. Sebti, S. & Hamilton, A. D. Inhibitors of prenyl transferases. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 9, 557–561 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  30. Lerner, E. C., Hamilton, A. D. & Sebti, S. M. Inhibition of Ras prenylation: a signaling target for novel anti-cancer drug design. Anticancer Drug Des. 12, 229–238 (1997).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Download references