Cockell,C. S. Biological effects of high ultraviolet radiation on early Earth—a theoretical evaluation. J. Theor. Biol.193, 717–729 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Martin,W. & Müller,M. The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote. Nature392, 37–41 (1998). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Moreira,D. & López-García,P. Symbiosis between methanogenic Archaea and δ-Proteobacteria as the origin of eukaryotes: The syntrophic hypothesis. J. Mol. Evol.47, 517–530 (1998). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Simonson,B. M. & Carney,K. E. Roll-up structures: evidence of in situ microbial mats in Late Archaean deep shelf environments. Palaios14, 13–24 (1999). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Reimers,C. E. et al. Porewater pH and authigenic phases formed in the uppermost sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta60, 4037–4057 (1996). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Kuwabara,J. S. et al. Dissolved sulfide distributions in the water column and sediment pore waters of the Santa Barbara Basin. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta63, 2199–2209 (1999). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Soutar,A. & Crill,P. A. Sedimentation and climatic patterns in the Santa Barbara Basin during the 19th and 20th centuries. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.88, 1161–1172 (1977). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Fenchel,T. et al. Microbial diversity and activity in a Danish fjord with anoxic deep water. Ophelia43, 45–100 (1995). Article Google Scholar
Simpson,A. G. B. et al. The ultrastructure and systematic position of the euglenozoon Postgaardi mariagerensis̀, Fenchel et al.Arch. Protistenkd.147, 213–225 (1996/1997). Article Google Scholar
Esteban,G., Fenchel,T. & Finlay,B. Diversity of free-living morphospecies in the ciliate genus Metopus. Arch. Prostistenkd.146, 137–164 (1995). Article Google Scholar
Fenchel,T. & Finlay,B. J. (eds) Ecology and Evolution in Anoxic Worlds (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1995). Google Scholar
Ott,J. A., Novak,R., Schiemer,F., Hentschel,U., Nebelsick,M. & Polz,M. Tackling the sulfide gradient—a novel strategy involving marine nematodes and chemoautotrophic ectosymbionts. PSZNI Mar. Ecol.12, 261–279 (1991). Article Google Scholar
Buck,K. R. & Barry,J. P. Monterey Bay cold seep infauna: quantitative comparison of bacterial mat meiofauna with non-seep control sites. Cahiers de Biologie Marine39, 333–335 (1998). Google Scholar
Bernard,C. & Fenchel,T. Mats of colourless sulphur bacteria: II. Structure, composition of biota and successional patterns. Mar. Ecol. (Prog. Ser.)128, 171–179 (1995). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Epstein,S. Simultaneous enumeration of protozoa and micrometazoa from marine sandy sediments. Aquat. Microb. Ecol.9, 219–227 (1995). Article Google Scholar
Alongi,D. M. The distribution and composition of deep-sea microbenthos in a bathyal region of the western Coral Sea. Deep-Sea Res.34, 1245–1254 (1987). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Saphonov,M. V. & Tzetlin,A. B. Nerillidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the White Sea, with description of a new species of Micronerilla Jouin. Ophelia47, 215–226 (1997). Article Google Scholar
Bernhard,J. M. Microaerophilic and facultative anaerobic benthic foraminifera: a review of experimental and ultrastructural evidence. Rev. Paleobiol.15, 261–275 (1996). Google Scholar
Lee,J. J. & Anderson,O. R. (eds) Biology of Foraminifera (Academic, London, 1991). Google Scholar
Anderson,O. R. & Matsuoka,A. Endocytoplasmic microalgae and bacteroids within the central capsule of the radiolarian Dictyocoryne truncatum. Symbiosis12, 237–247 (1992). Google Scholar
Richardson,S. L. & Rützler,K. Bacterial endosymbionts in the agglutinating foraminiferan Spiculidendron corallicolum Rützler and Richardson, 1996. Symbiosis26, 299–312 (1999). Google Scholar
Bernhard,J. M. & Bowser,S. S. Benthic foraminifera of dysoxic sediments: chloroplast sequestration and functional morphology. Earth Sci. Rev.46, 149–165 (1999). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Desbruyères,D. et al. Biology and ecology of the “Pompeii worm” (Alvinella pompejana Desbruyères and Laubier), a normal dweller of an extreme deep-sea environment: a synthesis of current knowledge and recent developments. Deep-Sea Res. II45, 383–422 (1998). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Stolz,J. F., Chang,S-B. R. & Kirschvink,J. L. Magnetotactic bacteria and single-domain magnetite in hemipelagic sediments. Nature321, 849–851 (1986). ArticleADS Google Scholar
Kennett,J. P., Baldauf,J. G. & Lyle,M. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific ResultsVol. 146 Part 2 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1995). Google Scholar
Diaz,R. J. & Rosenberg,R. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev.33, 245–303 (1995). Google Scholar
Broenkow,W. W. & Cline,J. D. Colorimetric determination of dissolved oxygen at low concentrations. Limnol. Oceanogr.14, 450–454 (1969). ArticleADSCAS Google Scholar
Starink,M. et al. Quantitative centrifugation to extract benthic protozoa from freshwater sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.60, 167–173 (1994). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar