References
Hubbell, W.L. & Altenbach, C. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 4 , 566–573 (1994).Article CAS Google Scholar
Hubbell, W.L., Mchaourab, H.S., Altenbach, C., & Lietzow, M.A. Structure 4 , 779–783 (1996).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hubbell, W.L., Gross, A., Langen, R., & Lietzow, M.A. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 8 , 649–656 (1998).Article CAS Google Scholar
Feix, J.B. & Klug, C.S. In Biological Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 14: Spin Labeling: The Next Millenium (ed. Berliner, L.J.) 251–281 (Plenum Press, New York, New York; 1998). Google Scholar
Voss, J.C., Salwinski, L., Kaback, H.R. & Hubbell, W.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 , 12295–12299 (1995).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Oh, K.J., Altenbach, C., Collier, R.J. & Hubbell, W.L. Meth. Mol. Biol. 145 , 147–169 (1999). Google Scholar
Griffith, O.H., Dehlinger, P.J. & Van. S.P. J. Membr. Biol. 15 , 159–92 (1974).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Likhtensktein, G.I. Spin Labeling Methods in Molecular Biology . (Wiley, New York, New York; 1976.) Google Scholar
Rabenstein, M.D. & Shin, Y.-K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 , 8239–8243 (1995).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Steinhoff, H.-J. et al. Biophys. J. 73 , 3287–98. (1997).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hustedt, E.J., Smirnov, A.I., Laub, C.F., Cobb, C.E. & Beth, A.H. Biophys. J. 74 , 1861–1877 (1997).Article Google Scholar
Hustedt, E.J. & Beth, A.H. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 28 , 129–153 (1999).Article CAS Google Scholar
Mchaourab, H.S., Oh, K.J., Fang, C.J. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 36 , 307–316 (1997).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Langen, R., Oh, K.J., Cascio, D. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 39 , in the press (2000).
Koteiche, H.A. & Mchaourab, H.S. J. Mol. Biol. 294 , 561–77 (1999).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Perozo, E., Cortes, D.M. & Cuello, L.G. Nature Struct. Biol. 5 , 459–469 (1998).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gross, A., Columbus, L., Hideg, K., Altenbach, C. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 38 , 10324–10335 (1999).Article CAS Google Scholar
Poirier, M.A., Xiao, W., Macosko, J.C., Chan, C., Shin, Y.K. & Bennett, M.K. Nature Struct. Biol. 5 , 765–9 (1998).Article CAS Google Scholar
Farrens, D., Altenbach, C., Yang, K., Hubbell, W.L. & Khorana, H.G. . Science 274 , 768–770 (1996).Article CAS Google Scholar
Altenbach, C. et al. Biochemistry 35 , 12470–12478 (1996).Article CAS Google Scholar
Lietzow, M.A. Ph.D. Thesis. Site-directed spin labeling of cellular retinol-binding protein. 1. Correlation of nitroxide side chain motion with protein structure and dynamics. 2. Analysis of ligand-induced conformational changes. (University of California, Los Angeles, California; 1999).
Klug, C.S., Su, W. & Feix, J.B. Biochemistry 36 , 13027–13033 (1997).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Perozo, E., Cortes, D.M. & Cuello, L.G. Science 285 , 73–8 (1999).Article CAS Google Scholar
Ottemann, K.M., Xiao, W., Shin, Y.K., Koshland, D.E. Jr. Science 285 , 1751–4. (1999).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hall, J.A., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Liu, J., Shin, Y.K. & Nikaido, H. J. Biol. Chem. 272 , 17610–17614 (1997).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Klug, C.S., Eaton, S.S., Eaton, G.R. & Feix, J.B. Biochemistry 37 , 9016–9023 (1998).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Thorgeirsson, T.E. et al. J. Mol. Biol. 273 , 951–957 (1997).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rink, T., Pfeiffer, M., Oesterhelt, D., Gerwert, K. & Steinhoff, H.-J. Biophys. J. 78 , 1519–1530 (2000).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mollaaghababa, R., Steinhoff, H.-J., Hubbell, H.G. & Khorana, H.G. Biochemistry 39 , 1120–1127 (2000).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rink, T., Riesle, J., Oesterhelt, D., Gerwert, K. & Steinhoff, H.J. Biophys. J. 73 , 983–93 (1997).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Steinhoff, H.J. et al. Science 266 , 105–107 (1994).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tiebel, B. et al. J. Mol. Biol. 290 , 229–240 (1999).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Unger, V.M. & Schertler, G.F. Biophys. J. 68 , 1776–1786 (1995).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Baldwin, J.M., Schertler, G.F. & Unger, V.M. J. Mol. Biol. 272 , 144–64 (1997).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Farahbakhsh, Z., Ridge, K., Khorana, H.G. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 34 , 8812–8819 (1995).Article CAS Google Scholar
Altenbach, C., Cai, K., Khorana, H.G. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 38 , 7925–7930 (1999).Article PubMed Central Google Scholar
Altenbach, C., Klein-Seetharaman, J., Hwa, J., Khorana, H.G. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 38 , 7945–7949 (1999).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Langen, R., Cai, K., Altenbach, C., Khorana, H.G. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 38 , 7918–7924 (1999).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mchaourab, H.S., Lietzow, M.A., Hideg, K. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 35 , 7692–7704 (1996).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Farahbakhsh, Z., Hideg, K. & Hubbell, W.L. Science 262 , 1416–1420 (1993).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Faber, H.R. & Matthews, B.W. Nature 348 , 263–266 (1990).Article CAS Google Scholar
Mchaourab, H.S., Oh, K.J., Fang, C.J. & Hubbell, W.L. Biochemistry 35 , 1404–14046 (1996).Article Google Scholar
Merianos, H.J., Cadieus, N., Lin, C.H., Kadner, R.J. & Cafiso, D.S. Nature Struct. Biol. 7 , 205–209 (2000).Article CAS Google Scholar
Kadner, R.J. Mol. Microbiol. 4 , 2027–2033 (1990).Article CAS Google Scholar
Locher, K.P. et al. Cell 95 , 771–778 (1998).Article CAS Google Scholar
Ferguson, A.D., Hofmann, E., Coulton, J.W., Diederichs, K. & Welte, W. Science 282 , 2215–2220 (1998).Article CAS Google Scholar
Buchanan, S.K. et al. Nature Struct. Biol. 6 , 56–63 (1999).Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jiang, X. et al. Science 276 , 1261–1264 (1997).Article CAS Google Scholar
Palczewski, K. et al. Science 289 , 739–745 (2000).Article CAS Google Scholar
Download references