Consumption of soy foods and isoflavones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of three US cohorts (original) (raw)

• International Diabetes Federation IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn. International Diabetes Federation: Brussels, Belgium, 2013.
• Hu FB . Do functional foods have a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease? Circulation 2011; 124: 538–540.
  Article Google Scholar
• Muraki I, Imamura F, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, van Dam RM et al. Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies. BMJ 2013; 347: f5001.
  Article Google Scholar
• van Dam RM, Hu FB . Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. JAMA 2005; 294: 97–104.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ding M, Bhupathiraju SN, Chen M, van Dam RM, Hu FB . Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 569–586.
  Article Google Scholar
• Bhagwat S, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM. USDA Database for the Isoflavone Content of Selected Foods, Release 2.0 U.S. Department of Agriculture: Beltsville, MD, USA, 2008.
• Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Remesy C, Jimenez L . Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 727–747.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Muthyala RS, Ju YH, Sheng S, Williams LD, Doerge DR, Katzenellenbogen BS et al. Equol, a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones: convenient preparation and resolution of R- and S-equols and their differing binding and biological activity through estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12: 1559–1567.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kostelac D, Rechkemmer G, Briviba K . Phytoestrogens modulate binding response of estrogen receptors alpha and beta to the estrogen response element. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51: 7632–7635.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ricci E, Cipriani S, Chiaffarino F, Malvezzi M, Parazzini F . Effects of soy isoflavones and genistein on glucose metabolism in perimenopausal and postmenopausal non-Asian women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause 2010; 17: 1080–1086.
  Article Google Scholar
• Liu ZM, Chen YM, Ho SC . Effects of soy intake on glycemic control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93: 1092–1101.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Yang B, Chen Y, Xu T, Yu Y, Huang T, Hu X et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of soy products consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2011; 20: 593–602.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Sievenpiper JL, Kendall CW, Esfahani A, Wong JM, Carleton AJ, Jiang HY et al. Effect of non-oil-seed pulses on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled experimental trials in people with and without diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1479–1495.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zamora-Ros R, Forouhi NG, Sharp SJ, González CA, Buijsse B, Guevara M et al. The association between dietary flavonoid and lignan intakes and incident type 2 diabetes in European populations: the EPIC-InterAct study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 3961–3970.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Feskanich D, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Litin LB et al. Reproducibility and validity of food intake measurements from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc 1993; 93: 790–796.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Litin LB, Willett WC et al. Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 1114–1126 (discussion 1127–1136).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Salvini S, Hunter DJ, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B et al. Food-based validation of a dietary questionnaire: the effects of week-to-week variation in food consumption. Int J Epidemiol 1989; 18: 858–867.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Bain C, Witschi J et al. Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 122: 51–65.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1183–1197.
• Manson JE, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Krolewski AS et al. Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. Lancet 1991; 338: 774–778.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hu FB, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rimm EB . Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 1542–1548.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Villegas R, Gao YT, Yang G, Li HL, Elasy TA, Zheng W et al. Legume and soy food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 162–167.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Mueller NT, Odegaard AO, Gross MD, Koh WP, Yu MC, Yuan JM et al. Soy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese Singaporeans [corrected]. Eur J Nutr 2012; 51: 1033–1040.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Nanri A, Mizoue T, Takahashi Y, Kirii K, Inoue M, Noda M et al. Soy product and isoflavone intakes are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight Japanese women. J Nutr 2010; 140: 580–586.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Morimoto Y, Steinbrecher A, Kolonel LN, Maskarinec G . Soy consumption is not protective against diabetes in Hawaii: the Multiethnic Cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65: 279–282.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Messina MJ, Wood CE . Soy isoflavones, estrogen therapy, and breast cancer risk: analysis and commentary. Nutr J 2008; 7: 17.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mezei O, Banz WJ, Steger RW, Peluso MR, Winters TA, Shay N et al. Soy isoflavones exert antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects through the PPAR pathways in obese Zucker rats and murine RAW 264.7 cells. J Nutr 2003; 133: 1238–1243.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kim S, Sohn I, Ahn JI, Lee KH, Lee YS, Lee YS . Hepatic gene expression profiles in a long-term high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Gene 2004; 340: 99–109.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Mezei O, Li Y, Mullen E, Ross-Viola JS, Shay NF . Dietary isoflavone supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via PPARalpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Physiol Genomics 2006; 26: 8–14.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Babu PV, Liu D, Gilbert ER . Recent advances in understanding the anti-diabetic actions of dietary flavonoids. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24: 1777–1789.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Cederroth CR, Vinciguerra M, Gjinovci A, Kühne F, Klein M, Cederroth M et al. Dietary phytoestrogens activate AMP-activated protein kinase with improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism. Diabetes 2008; 57: 1176–1185.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Barros RP, Gustafsson JA . Estrogen receptors and the metabolic network. Cell Metab 2011; 14: 289–299.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Misso ML, Murata Y, Boon WC, Jones ME, Britt KL, Simpson ER . Cellular and molecular characterization of the adipose phenotype of the aromatase-deficient mouse. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 1474–1480.
  Article CAS Google Scholar