Leisure-time physical activity and high-risk fat: a longitudinal population-based twin study (original) (raw)
Wardle J, Carnell S, Haworth CM, Plomin R . Evidence for a strong genetic influence on childhood adiposity despite the force of the obesogenic environment. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 398–404. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hill JO, Peters JC . Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic. Science 1998; 280: 1371–1374. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Despres JP . Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome? Ann Med 2006; 38: 52–63. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, Bergmann M, Schulze MB, Overvad K et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 2105–2120. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH . Trends in waist circumference among US adults. Obes Res 2003; 11: 1223–1231. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Okosun IS, Choi ST, Boltri JM, Parish DC, Chandra KM, Dever GE et al. Trends of abdominal adiposity in white, black, and Mexican-American adults, 1988–2000. Obes Res 2003; 11: 1010–1017. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Lilja M, Eliasson M, Stegmayr B, Olsson T, Soderberg S . Trends in obesity and its distribution: data from the northern Sweden MONICA survey, 1986–2004. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16: 1120–1128. Google Scholar
Despres JP, Lemieux I . Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 2006; 444: 881–887. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Janiszewski PM, Ross R . Physical activity in the treatment of obesity: beyond body weight reduction. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007; 32: 512–522. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hill JO, Wyatt HR . Role of physical activity in preventing and treating obesity. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 765–770. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones PJ, Smith H, Paddags A, Hidson R et al. Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133: 92–103. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irwin ML, Yasui Y, Ulrich CM, Bowen D, Rudolph RE, Schwarts RS et al. Effect of exercise on total and intra-abdominal body fat in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 323–330. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Ross R, Janssen I, Dawson J, Kungl AM, Kuk JL, Nguyen-duy TB et al. Exercise-induced reduction in obesity and insulin resistance in women: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Res 2004; 12: 789–798. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Slentz CA, Aiken LB, Houmard JA, Bales CW, Johnson JL, Tanner CJ et al. Inactivity, exercise, and visceral fat. STRRIDE: a randomized, controlled study of exercise intensity and amount. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 1613–1618. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Kay SJ, Fiatarone Singh MA . The influence of physical activity on abdominal fat: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev 2006; 7: 183–200. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Waller K, Kaprio J, Kujala UM . Associations between long-term physical activity, waist circumference and weight gain: a 30-year longitudinal twin study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32: 353–361. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M . Modifiable risk factors as predictors of all-cause mortality: the roles of genetics and childhood environment. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 985–993. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Leskinen T, Waller K, Mutikainen S, Aaltonen S, Ronkainen PHA, Alen M et al. Effects of 32-year leisure time physical activity discordance in twin pairs on health (TWINACTIVE study); aims, design and results for physical fitness. Twin Res Human Genet 2009; 12: 108–117. Article Google Scholar
Ma H, Leskinen T, Alen M, Cheng S, Sipilä S, Heinonen A et al. Long-term leisure time physical activity and properties of bone: a twin study. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24: 1427–1433. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Sarna S, Koskenvuo M . Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality: the Finnish twin cohort. JAMA 1998; 279: 440–444. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Shen W, Punyanitya M, Wang Z, Gallagher D, St-Onge MP, Albu J et al. Visceral adipose tissue: relations between single-slice areas and total volume. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 271–278. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fishbein MH, Gardner KG, Potter CJ, Schmalbrock P, Smith MA . Introduction of fast MR imaging in the assessment of hepatic steatosis. Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 15: 287–293. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gazelle GS, Haaga JR . Hepatic neoplasms: surgically relevant segmental anatomy and imaging techniques. Am J Roentgenol 1992; 158: 1015–1018. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Chan DC, Watts GF, Ng TW, Hua J, Song S, Barrett PH . Measurement of liver fat by magnetic resonance imaging: relationships with body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids in healthy men. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006; 8: 698–702. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ruan XY, Gallagher D, Harris T, Albu J, Heymsfield S, Kuznia P et al. Estimating whole body intermuscular adipose tissue from single cross-sectional magnetic resonance images. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102: 748–754. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Kelley DE . Thigh adipose tissue distribution is associated with insulin resistance in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 885–892. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Marti B, Tuomilehto J, Salomaa V, Kartovaara L, Korhonen HJ, Pietinen P . Body fat distribution in the Finnish population: environmental determinants and predictive power for cardiovascular risk factor levels. J Epidemiol Community Health 1991; 45: 131–137. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Salmi JA . Body composition assessment with segmental multifrequency bioimpedance method. J Sports Sci Med 2003; 2: 1–29. Google Scholar
Pietrobelli A, Rubiano F, St-Onge MP, Heymsfield SB . New bioimpedance analysis system: improved phenotyping with whole-body analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58: 1479–1484. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Volgyi E, Tylavsky FA, Lyytikainen A, Suominen H, Alen M, Cheng S . Assessing body composition with DXA and bioimpedance: effects of obesity, physical activity, and age. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16: 700–705. Article Google Scholar
Williams RL . A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics 2000; 56: 645–646. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
STATA. STATA Base Reference Manual. STATA Press: College Station, TX, 2005.
Catenacci VA, Wyatt HR . The role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2007; 3: 518–529. ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Bouchard C, Tremblay A . Genetic influences on the response of body fat and fat distribution to positive and negative energy balances in human identical twins. J Nutr 1997; 127: 943S–947S. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ohkawara K, Tanaka S, Miyachi M, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tabata I . A dose-response relation between aerobic exercise and visceral fat reduction: systematic review of clinical trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31: 1786–1797. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Pietilainen KH, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Mäkimattila S, Häkkinen AM, Westerbacka J et al. Acquired obesity is associated with increased liver fat, intra-abdominal fat, and insulin resistance in young adult monozygotic twins. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288: E768–E774. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Jakobsen MU, Berentzen T, Sorensen TI, Overvad K . Abdominal obesity and fatty liver. Epidemiol Rev 2007; 29: 77–87. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hannukainen JC, Nuutila P, Borra R, Kaprio J, Kujala UM, Janatuinen T et al. Increased physical activity decreases hepatic free fatty acid uptake: a study in human monozygotic twins. J Physiol 2007; 578: 347–358. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Manini TM, Clark BC, Nalls MA, Goodpaster BH, Ploutz-Snyder LL, Harris TB . Reduced physical activity increases intermuscular adipose tissue in healthy young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 377–384. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Boule NG, Weisnagel SJ, Lakka TA, Tremblay A, Bergman RN, Rankinen T et al. Effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis: the HERITAGE family study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 108–114. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Argiles JM, Lopez-Soriano J, Almendro V, Busquets S, Lopez-Soriano FJ . Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: a link with obesity? Med Res Rev 2005; 25: 49–65. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Durheim MT, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Mabe SK, Kraus WE . Relationships between exercise-induced reductions in thigh intermuscular adipose tissue, changes in lipoprotein particle size, and visceral adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295: E407–E412. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Goodpaster BH, Chomentowski P, Ward BK, Rossi A, Glynn NW, Delmonico MJ et al. Effects of physical activity on strength and skeletal muscle fat infiltration in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Appl Physiol 2008; 105: 1498–1503. ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Spassiani NA, Kuk JL . Exercise and the fatty liver. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33: 802–807. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Goodpaster BH, He J, Watkins S, Kelley DE . Skeletal muscle lipid content and insulin resistance: evidence for a paradox in endurance-trained athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5755–5761. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Koster A, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A, Mouw T, Adams KF, van Eijk JT et al. Waist circumference and mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167: 1465–1475. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Zhang C, Rexrode KM, van Dam RM, Li TY, Hu FB . Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: sixteen years of follow-up in US women. Circulation 2008; 117: 1658–1667. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Silventoinen K, Barengo NC, Peltonen M, Jousilahti P . The effects of physical activity and body mass index on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality among 47 212 middle-aged Finnish men and women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29: 894–902. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Janssen I, Ross R, Blair SN . Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 391–397. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar