Late survival of Neanderthals at the southernmost extreme of Europe (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

We thank all those who have participated in this project. The project Palaeomed was co-funded by the Government of Gibraltar and the European Union Interreg IIIB Programme Medocc. Palynological and geochemical investigations were funded by Fundación Séneca, Murcia, Spain, and Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, DGI, Spain, respectively. Geomorphological work was funded by Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, DGI, Spain. Author Contributions C.F., F.G.P., J.R.-V. and C.B.S. were responsible for project direction and management. C.F. coordinated the writing. Multidisciplinary work was divided as follows: archaeology and curation—F.G.P., J.M.G.L., A.S.P., J.B.P., F.G.G., K.B., C.A.V. and A.V.; geomorphology and sedimentology—J.R.-V., F.J.J.E., F.M.R. and T.S.; taphonomy—I.C. and Y.F.J.; palaeoecology—C.F., D.A.F. (general), G.F. (palaeolandscape), E.A. (anthracology), J.S.C., P.L., J.A.L.S., N.F. (palaeobotany), C.P.G.-O. (herpetological taxonomy), J.A.R.C. (mammalian taxonomy) and A.S.M. (avian taxonomy). All authors discussed and interpreted the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

1. The Gibraltar Museum, 18–20, Bomb House Lane, Gibraltar
   Clive Finlayson, Darren A. Fa, Geraldine Finlayson & Claire A. Valarino
2. Department of Social Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
   Clive Finlayson
3. Museo Arqueologico de El Puerto Santa María, 11500, El Puerto Santa María, Spain
   Francisco Giles Pacheco & Antonio Santiago Pérez
4. Departamento de Geodinámica y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain
   Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal
5. Museo Municipal, 11650, Villamartín, Spain
   José María Gutierrez López
6. Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social, Area de Prehistoria, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, 43003, Tarragona, Spain
   Ethel Allue & Isabel Cáceres
7. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autonoma, 28049, Madrid, Spain
   Javier Baena Preysler
8. Department of Plant Biology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
   José S. Carrión & Noemí Fuentes
9. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
   Yolanda Fernández Jalvo & Antonio Sánchez Marco
10. The Herpetological Conservation Trust, Bournemouth, BH1 4AP, Dorset, UK
    Christopher P. Gleed-Owen
11. Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGR, 18002, Granada, Spain
    Francisco J. Jimenez Espejo & Francisca Martinez Ruiz
12. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway College, University of London, TW20 0EX, Egham, Surrey, UK
    Pilar López
13. Laboratorio de Arqueobotánica, Instituto de Historia (CSIC), 28014, Madrid, Spain
    José Antonio López Sáez
14. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueologia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
    José Antonio Riquelme Cantal
15. Area de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
    Francisco Giles Guzman & Antonio Villalpando
16. Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, Cambridge, UK
    Kimberly Brown
17. Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5BD, London, UK
    Christopher B. Stringer
18. Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 237-0061, Yokosuka, Japan
    Tatsuhiko Sakamoto

Authors

1. Clive Finlayson
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2. Francisco Giles Pacheco
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3. Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal
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4. Darren A. Fa
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5. José María Gutierrez López
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6. Antonio Santiago Pérez
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7. Geraldine Finlayson
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8. Ethel Allue
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9. Javier Baena Preysler
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10. Isabel Cáceres
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11. José S. Carrión
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12. Yolanda Fernández Jalvo
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13. Christopher P. Gleed-Owen
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14. Francisco J. Jimenez Espejo
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15. Pilar López
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16. José Antonio López Sáez
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17. José Antonio Riquelme Cantal
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18. Antonio Sánchez Marco
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19. Francisco Giles Guzman
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20. Kimberly Brown
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21. Noemí Fuentes
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22. Claire A. Valarino
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23. Antonio Villalpando
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24. Christopher B. Stringer
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25. Francisca Martinez Ruiz
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26. Tatsuhiko Sakamoto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence toClive Finlayson.

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Supplementary information

Supplementary Notes

This file contains Supplementary Notes under five headings: 1. Stratigraphic and archaeological information for Levels III and IV Gorham’s Cave, Gibraltar (including 2 Supplementary Figures); 2. Geochemical and Mineralogical Analyses (including 2 Supplementary Tables and 2 Supplementary Figures.); 3. Taphonomy (1 Supplementary Table); 4. AMS Dating; and 5. Ecology (1 Supplementary Table). (DOC 10175 kb)

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Finlayson, C., Giles Pacheco, F., Rodríguez-Vidal, J. et al. Late survival of Neanderthals at the southernmost extreme of Europe.Nature 443, 850–853 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05195

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• Received: 12 April 2006
• Accepted: 25 August 2006
• Published: 13 September 2006
• Issue Date: 19 October 2006
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05195