Autophagy in thymic epithelium shapes the T-cell repertoire and is essential for tolerance (original) (raw)

• Trombetta, E. S. & Mellman, I. Cell biology of antigen processing in vitro and in vivo . Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23, 975–1028 (2005)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Schmid, D., Pypaert, M. & Munz, C. Antigen-loading compartments for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules continuously receive input from autophagosomes. Immunity 26, 79–92 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Paludan, C. et al. Endogenous MHC class II processing of a viral nuclear antigen after autophagy. Science 307, 593–596 (2005)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Nimmerjahn, F. et al. Major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted presentation of a cytosolic antigen by autophagy. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 1250–1259 (2003)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Dorfel, D. et al. Processing and presentation of HLA class I and II epitopes by dendritic cells after transfection with _in vitro_-transcribed MUC1 RNA. Blood 105, 3199–3205 (2005)
  Article Google Scholar
• Dengjel, J. et al. Autophagy promotes MHC class II presentation of peptides from intracellular source proteins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 7922–7927 (2005)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Kyewski, B. & Klein, L. A central role for central tolerance. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24, 571–606 (2006)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. S. et al. Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the Aire protein. Science 298, 1395–1401 (2002)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Starr, T. K., Jameson, S. C. & Hogquist, K. A. Positive and negative selection of T cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 139–176 (2003)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Aschenbrenner, K. et al. Selection of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells specific for self antigen expressed and presented by Aire+ medullary thymic epithelial cells. Nature Immunol. 8, 351–358 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Gallegos, A. M. & Bevan, M. J. Central tolerance to tissue-specific antigens mediated by direct and indirect antigen presentation. J. Exp. Med. 200, 1039–1049 (2004)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Klein, L., Roettinger, B. & Kyewski, B. Sampling of complementing self-antigen pools by thymic stromal cells maximizes the scope of central T cell tolerance. Eur. J. Immunol. 31, 2476–2486 (2001)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tewari, M. K., Sinnathamby, G., Rajagopal, D. & Eisenlohr, L. C. A cytosolic pathway for MHC class II-restricted antigen processing that is proteasome and TAP dependent. Nature Immunol. 6, 287–294 (2005)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zhou, D. et al. Lamp-2a facilitates MHC class II presentation of cytoplasmic antigens. Immunity 22, 571–581 (2005)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Levine, B. & Klionsky, D. J. Development by self-digestion: molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy. Dev. Cell 6, 463–477 (2004)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Mizushima, N., Yamamoto, A., Matsui, M., Yoshimori, T. & Ohsumi, Y. In vivo analysis of autophagy in response to nutrient starvation using transgenic mice expressing a fluorescent autophagosome marker. Mol. Biol. Cell 15, 1101–1111 (2004)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kuma, A. et al. The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period. Nature 432, 1032–1036 (2004)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Mizushima, N. et al. Dissection of autophagosome formation using Atg5-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells. J. Cell Biol. 152, 657–668 (2001)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rossi, S. W. et al. RANK signals from CD4+3- inducer cells regulate development of Aire-expressing epithelial cells in the thymic medulla. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1267–1272 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Gray, D., Abramson, J., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Proliferative arrest and rapid turnover of thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire. J. Exp. Med. 204, 2521–2528 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Derbinski, J. et al. Promiscuous gene expression in thymic epithelial cells is regulated at multiple levels. J. Exp. Med. 202, 33–45 (2005)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Huang, J. & Klionsky, D. J. Autophagy and human disease. Cell Cycle 6, 1837–1849 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tourne, S. et al. Selection of a broad repertoire of CD4+ T cells in H-2Ma0/0 mice. Immunity 7, 187–195 (1997)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ignatowicz, L., Kappler, J. & Marrack, P. The repertoire of T cells shaped by a single MHC/peptide ligand. Cell 84, 521–529 (1996)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, T. et al. Cathepsin L: critical role in Ii degradation and CD4 T cell selection in the thymus. Science 280, 450–453 (1998)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Murata, S. et al. Regulation of CD8+ T cell development by thymus-specific proteasomes. Science 316, 1349–1353 (2007)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. B. et al. A novel MHC class II epitope expressed in thymic medulla but not cortex. Nature 338, 765–768 (1989)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Pua, H. H., Dzhagalov, I., Chuck, M., Mizushima, N. & He, Y. W. A critical role for the autophagy gene Atg5 in T cell survival and proliferation. J. Exp. Med. 204, 25–31 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hampe, J. et al. A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1 . Nature Genet. 39, 207–211 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rioux, J. D. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nature Genet. 39, 596–604 (2007)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Klein, L., Klein, T., Ruther, U. & Kyewski, B. CD4 T cell tolerance to human C-reactive protein, an inducible serum protein, is mediated by medullary thymic epithelium. J. Exp. Med. 188, 5–16 (1998)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kirberg, J. et al. Thymic selection of CD8+ single positive cells with a class II major histocompatibility complex-restricted receptor. J. Exp. Med. 180, 25–34 (1994)
  Article CAS Google Scholar