Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas (original) (raw)
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia.,
William F. Laurance, Sean P. Sloan, Susan G. Laurance, Mason Campbell, David Edwards, Felicity Edwards, Willis Logsdon & Christiane Roetgers - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,
William F. Laurance, D. Carolina Useche, Julio Rendeiro, Margareta Kalka & S. Joseph Wright - School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,
Corey J. A. Bradshaw - Stirling University, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.,
Kate Abernethy & Fiona Maisels - Duke University, Durham, 27705, North Carolina, USA
Patricia Alvarez, Nigel Pitman, Thomas Struhsaker, John Terborgh & Connie J. Clark - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez, Julieta Benítez-Malvido & Mauricio Quesada - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK.,
Peter Ashton - World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Washington DC 20037, USA.,
Allard Blom, Richard Carroll & Eric Dinerstein - University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,
Kadiri S. Bobo - Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, 666303, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
Charles H. Cannon, Min Cao, Rhett Harrison & Chen Jin - McGill University, Montreal H3A 2T7, Canada.,
Colin Chapman & Philippe Auzel - Estación de Biologia Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Veracruz 95701, Mexico.,
Rosamond Coates & Alejandro Estrada - Columbia University, New York, 10027, New York, USA
Marina Cords & Paige West - Nordic Foundation for Development and Ecology, DK-1159 Copenhagen, Denmark.,
Finn Danielsen - Bart De Dijn Environmental Consultancy, Paramaribo, Suriname
Bart De Dijn - Florida International University, Miami, 33199, Florida, USA
Maureen A. Donnelly - Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany.,
Nina Farwig - California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, USA.,
Peter Fashing - Museum Natural d'Histoire Naturelle, 91800 Brunoy, France.,
Pierre-Michel Forget & François Feer - US Geological Survey, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA.,
Mercedes Foster - King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.,
George Gale & Tommaso Savini - Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland EH3 5LR, UK.,
David Harris - Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba Project, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
John Hart - Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, 24061, Virginia, USA
Sarah Karpanty - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA.,
W. John Kress & Louise Emmons - Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore 560064, India.,
Jagdish Krishnaswamy - University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,
Jon Lovett - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, 69011-970, Amazonas, Brazil
William Magnusson & Tania Sanaiotti - Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, 10460, New York, USA
Fiona Maisels, Hugo Rainey, Stephen Blake, Emma Stokes, William Weber & David Wilkie - University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.,
Andrew R. Marshall & Jane Hill - La Selva Biological Station, San Pedro, Costa Rica.,
Deedra McClearn - Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore 570 002, India.,
Divya Mudappa - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Martin R. Nielsen - James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia
Richard Pearson, Robert Congdon, Betsy Jackes & Stephen Williams - Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
Jan van der Ploeg & Merlijn van Weerd - Wildlife Conservation Society, Kampala, Uganda
Andrew Plumptre - Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA.,
John Poulsen - Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, Oregon, USA
Douglas Robinson & Duncan Thomas - Museo delle Scienze, 38122 Trento, Italy.,
Francesco Rovero - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA
Frederick Scatena & Daniel Janzen - University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,
Christian Schulze - Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Kabale, Uganda.,
Douglas Sheil - University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.,
Robert Timm - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,
J. Nicolas Urbina-Cardona - Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India.,
Karthikeyan Vasudevan - Unidad de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,
Juan Carlos Arias-G. - Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.,
Luzmila Arroyo - Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,
Mark Ashton & David Watts - Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Kabale, Uganda.,
Dennis Babaasa - Budongo Conservation Field Station, Masindi, Uganda.,
Fred Babweteera - Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Victoria, Australia
Patrick Baker - Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Olaf Banki - Finding Species, Takoma Park, Maryland 20912, USA.,
Margot Bass - University of Kent, Kent CT2 7NZ, UK.,
Inogwabini Bila-Isia - Mahidol University Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.,
Warren Brockelman - University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.,
Nicholas Brokaw - University Koblenz-Landau, D-76829 Landau, Germany.,
Carsten A. Brühl - Department of National Parks, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,
Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin - Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Tapei 10066, Taiwan.,
Jung-Tai Chao - Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
Jerome Chave - Wildlife Conservation Society, Bangalore 560070, India.,
Ravi Chellam - Universidad Central de Venezuela, Aragua, Venezuela.,
José Clavijo - National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.,
Richard Corlett, Enoka Kudavidanage & Navjot Sodhi - Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,
H. S. Dattaraja - World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), New Delhi 110003, India.,
Chittaranjan Dave - World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Surrey GU7 1XR, UK.,
Glyn Davies - Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Atibaia, São Paulo 12952-011, Brazil.,
Beatriz de Mello Beisiegel - O Conselho Regional de Engenhara, Arquitetura e Agronomia do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,
Rosa de Nazaré Paes da Silva - University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,
Anthony Di Fiore - National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Phillipines
Arvin Diesmos - Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, California, USA
Rodolfo Dirzo - State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,
Diane Doran-Sheehy - University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, Colorado, USA
Mitchell Eaton - Wildlife Conservation Society, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Corneille Ewango - University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,
Linda Fedigan - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
Barbara Fruth & Martin Surbeck - Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA.,
Jacalyn Giacalone Willis - University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,
Uromi Goodale - Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA.,
Steven Goodman - Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,
Juan C. Guix - Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, Nairobi, Kenya
Paul Guthiga - Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA.,
William Haber - University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,
Keith Hamer - Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Abidjan 23, Cote d'Ivoire.,
Ilka Herbinger - Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Zhaoqing, People’s Republic of China.,
Zhongliang Huang - Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.,
I Fang Sun - Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.,
Kalan Ickes - Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,
Akira Itoh - Instituto Florestal, São Paulo, São Paulo 02377-000, Brazil.,
Natália Ivanauskas - Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.,
John Janovec & Mathias Tobler - South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, People’s Republic of China.,
Mo Jiangming & Lu Xiankai - Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK.,
Trevor Jones - Fundación para la Conservación del Bosque Chiquitano, Bolivia
Hermes Justiniano - University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany.,
Elisabeth Kalko - Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,
Aventino Kasangaki - Conservation International, Arlington, 22202, Virginia, USA
Timothy Killeen - Society of Subtropical Ecology, Taipei, Taiwan
Hen-biau King - Royal Haskoning, Water and Ecology Group, Groningen, Netherlands.,
Erik Klop - Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA
Cheryl Knott - Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,
Inza Koné - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,
José Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro - Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
John Lattke - The Bat Jungle, Monteverde, Costa Rica.,
Richard Laval - University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA.,
Robert Lawton - Boîte Postale 7847, Libreville, Gabon
Miguel Leal - 95 Warren Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,
Mark Leighton - Colección Ornitológica Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela
Miguel Lentino - Parque Estadual Horto Florestal, São Paulo, São Paulo 02377-000, Brazil.,
Cristiane Leonel - Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, UK.,
Jeremy Lindsell - National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Lee Ling-Ling - University of Würzburg, Biocenter, D97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.,
K. Eduard Linsenmair - Organization for Tropical Studies, Durham, 27705, North Carolina, USA
Elizabeth Losos - USDA International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00926.,
Ariel Lugo - Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Jeremiah Lwanga - Green Capacity Inc., New Florence, 15944, Pennsylvania, USA
Andrew L. Mack & Debra D. Wright - Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará 66040-170, Brazil.,
Marlucia Martins - Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, Ohio, USA
W. Scott McGraw - Wildlife Conservation Society, Flores, Guatemala.,
Roan McNab - Universidad Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66040-170, Brazil.,
Luciano Montag - Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Jo Myers Thompson - Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.,
Jacob Nabe-Nielsen - Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Michiko Nakagawa - University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,
Sanjay Nepal - Kent State University, Kent, 44242, Ohio, USA
Marilyn Norconk - Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,
Vojtech Novotny - University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA
Sean O'Donnell - PNG Institute of Biological Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.,
Muse Opiang - University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
Paul Ouboter - 113-3885 Richet Rd, Prince George, British Columbia V2K 2J2, Canada.,
Kenneth Parker - Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605-014, India.,
N. Parthasarathy - Fundação Florestal, São Paulo, São Paulo 02377-000, Brazil.,
Kátia Pisciotta - Research Centre for Biology, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.,
Dewi Prawiradilaga - University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA
Catherine Pringle - Strix Wildlife Consultancy, Singapore
Subaraj Rajathurai - Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901, Illinois, USA
Ulrich Reichard - Zoological Society of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, 53226, Wisconsin, USA
Gay Reinartz - Estación de Biologia Chamela, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Jalisco 48980, Mexico.,
Katherine Renton & Jorge Vega Rivera - Danum Valley Field Centre, Sabah, Malaysia
Glen Reynolds - Oxford University, Oxford BN26 5UX, UK.,
Vernon Reynolds - San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, California, USA
Erin Riley - Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
Mark-Oliver Rödel - City University of New York, 10065, New York, USA
Jessica Rothman - Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,
Philip Round - Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
Shoko Sakai - Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany
Gertrud Schaab - National Zoological Park, Washington DC 20013, USA.,
John Seidensticker - Gola Forest Programme, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,
Alhaji Siaka - Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, 27106, North Carolina, USA
Miles R. Silman - University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,
Thomas B. Smith & Benjamin Wang - Av. Maalhães Barata 376, Belém, Pará 66040-170, Brazil.,
Samuel Soares de Almeida - University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.,
Craig Stanford - Institute of Applied Ethnobotany, Pompano Beach, Florida 33069, USA.,
Kristine Stewart - Texas A & M University, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA.,
Kathryn E. Stoner - Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,
Raman Sukumar - Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.,
Teja Tscharntke & Matthias Waltert - Wildlife Conservation Society, Bangui, Central African Republic.,
Andrea Turkalo - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
Govindaswamy Umapathy - 701, Vesta B, Lodha Paradise, Thane, India.,
Meena Venkataraman - Paluma Environmental Education Centre, Paluma, Queensland 4816, Australia.,
Linda Venn - Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
Carlos Verea - Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil.,
Carolina Volkmer de Castilho - Treasure Valley Math and Science Center, Boise, 83714, Idaho, USA
David Whitacre - Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
Ken Whitney - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,
Patricia Wright - Resources Himalaya Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal
Pralad Yonzon - Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Franky Zamzani
W.F.L. conceived the study and coordinated its design, analysis and manuscript preparation. D.C.U., J.R. and M.K. conducted the interviews; C.J.A.B. assisted with data analysis and some writing; and S.P.S., S.G.L., M.C. and W.L. organized data or collected metadata. The remaining authors provided detailed interviews on protected areas and offered feedback on the manuscript.