Kofuji P and Newman EA (2004) Potassium buffering in the central nervous system. Neuroscience129: 1045–1056 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hirase H (2005) A multi-photon window onto neuronal-glial-vascular communication. Trends Neurosci28: 217–219 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Takano T et al. (2006) Astrocyte-mediated control of cerebral blood flow. Nat Neurosci9: 260–267 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Chaudhry FA et al. (1995) Glutamate transporters in glial plasma membranes: highly differentiated localizations revealed by quantitative ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Neuron15: 711–720 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lehre KP et al. (1995) Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations. J Neurosci15: 1835–1853 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Milton ID et al. (1997) Expression of the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 in the human CNS: an immunohistochemical study. Mol Brain Res52: 17–31 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rothstein JD et al. (1994) Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters. Neuron13: 713–725 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rothstein JD et al. (1996) Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron16: 675–686 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tanaka K et al. (1997) Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1. Science276: 1699–1702 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bezzi P et al. (2001) CXCR4-activated astrocyte glutamate release via TNFα: amplification by microglia triggers neurotoxicity. Nat Neurosci4: 702–710 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Haydon PG (2001) Glia: listening and talking to the synapse. Nat Rev Neurosci2: 185–193 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ye ZC et al. (2003) Functional hemichannels in astrocytes: a novel mechanism of glutamate release. J Neurosci23: 3588–3596 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Simard M and Nedergaard M (2004) The neurobiology of glia in the context of water and ion homeostasis. Neuroscience129: 877–896 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Pekny M (2001) Astrocytic intermediate filaments: lessons from GFAP and vimentin knock-out mice. Prog Brain Res132: 23–30 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Eng LF et al. (1998) Astrocytes cultured from transgenic mice carrying the added human glial fibrillary acidic protein gene contain Rosenthal fibers. J Neurosci Res53: 353–360 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wilhelmsson U et al. (2004) Absence of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin prevents hypertrophy of astrocytic processes and improves post-traumatic regeneration. J Neurosci24: 5016–5021 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tanaka K et al. (1997) Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1. Science276: 1699–1702 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mitani A and Tanaka K (2003) Functional changes of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 during ischemia: an in vivo study in the hippocampal CA1 of normal mice and mutant mice lacking GLT-1. J Neurosci23: 7176–7182 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Watanabe T et al. (1999) Amygdala-kindled and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in glutamate transporter GLAST-deficient mice. Brain Res845: 92–96 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mallolas J et al. (2006) A polymorphism in the EAAT2 promoter is associated with higher glutamate concentrations and higher frequency of progressing stroke. J Exp Med203: 711–717 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sofroniew MV (2005) Reactive astrocytes in neural repair and protection. Neuroscientist11: 400–407 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dermietzel R et al. (1991) Gap junctions between cultured astrocytes: immunocytochemical, molecular, and electrophysiological analysis. J Neurosci11: 1421–1432 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Reaume AG et al. (1995) Cardiac malformation in neonatal mice lacking connexin43. Science267: 1831–1834 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Siushansian R et al. (2001) Connexin43 null mutation increases infarct size after stroke. J Comp Neurol440: 387–394 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Patel SA and Maragakis NJ (2002) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: pathogenesis, differential diagnoses, and potential interventions. J Spinal Cord Med25: 262–273 Article Google Scholar
Bristol LA and Rothstein JD (1996) Glutamate transporter gene expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex. Ann Neurol39: 676–679 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lin CL et al. (1998) Aberrant RNA processing in a neurodegenerative disease: the cause for absent EAAT2, a glutamate transporter, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuron20: 589–602 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Meyer T et al. (1999) The RNA of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 is variably spliced in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal individuals. J Neurol Sci170: 45–50 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Flowers JM et al. (2001) Intron 7 retention and exon 9 skipping EAAT2 mRNA variants are not associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol49: 643–649 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gurney ME et al. (1994) Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation. Science264: 1772–1775 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wong PC et al. (1995) An adverse property of a familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutation causes motor neuron disease characterized by vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria. Neuron14: 1105–1116 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bruijn LI et al. (1997) ALS-linked SOD1 mutant G85R mediates damage to astrocytes and promotes rapidly progressive disease with SOD1-containing inclusions. Neuron18: 327–338 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Howland DS et al. (2002) Focal loss of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 in a transgenic rat model of SOD1 mutant-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA99: 1604–1609 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Guo H et al. (2003) Increased expression of the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 modulates excitotoxicity and delays the onset but not the outcome of ALS in mice. Hum Mol Genet12: 2519–2532 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Clement AM et al. (2003) Wild-type nonneuronal cells extend survival of SOD1 mutant motor neurons in ALS mice. Science302: 113–117 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Miller TM et al. (2005) Virus-delivered small RNA silencing sustains strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol57: 773–776 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ralph GS et al. (2005) Silencing mutant SOD1 using RNAi protects against neurodegeneration and extends survival in an ALS model. Nat Med11: 429–433 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Selkoe DJ (2001) Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev81: 741–766 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wisniewski HM and Wegiel J (1991) Spatial relationships between astrocytes and classical plaque components. Neurobiol Aging12: 593–600 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
DeWitt DA et al. (1998) Astrocytes regulate microglial phagocytosis of senile plaque cores of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol149: 329–340 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nagele RG et al. (2004) Contribution of glial cells to the development of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging25: 663–674 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Haughey NJ and Mattson MP (2003) Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide enhances ATP/gap junction-mediated calcium-wave propagation in astrocytes. Neuromolecular Med3: 173–180 Article Google Scholar
Johnston JM et al. (2006) Calcium oscillations in type-1 astrocytes, the effect of a presenilin 1 (PS1) mutation. Neurosci Lett395: 159–164 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Feany MB and Dickson DW (1995) Widespread cytoskeletal pathology characterizes corticobasal degeneration. Am J Pathol146: 1388–1396 CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Komori T (1999) Tau-positive glial inclusions in progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and Pick's disease. Brain Pathol9: 663–679 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Forman MS et al. (2005) Transgenic mouse model of tau pathology in astrocytes leading to nervous system degeneration. J Neurosci25: 3539–3550 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dabir DV et al. (2006) Impaired glutamate transport in a mouse model of tau pathology in astrocytes. J Neurosci26: 644–654 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hersch SM et al. (2004) In Neurologic Principles and Practice, 503–526 (Ed Koller W) New York: McGraw-Hill Google Scholar
Singhrao SK et al. (1998) Huntingtin protein colocalizes with lesions of neurodegenerative diseases: an investigation in Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Pick's diseases. Exp Neurol150: 213–222 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Arzberger T et al. (1997) Changes of NMDA receptor subunit (NR1, NR2B) and glutamate transporter (GLT1) mRNA expression in Huntington's disease—an in situ hybridization study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol56: 440–454 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rothstein JD et al. (1992) Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med326: 1464–1468 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vis JC et al. (1998) Connexin expression in Huntington's diseased human brain. Cell Biol Int22: 837–847 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lievens JC et al. (2001) Impaired glutamate uptake in the R6 Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis8: 807–821 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Behrens PF et al. (2002) Impaired glutamate transport and glutamate-glutamine cycling: downstream effects of the Huntington mutation. Brain125: 1908–1922 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Shin JY et al. (2005) Expression of mutant huntingtin in glial cells contributes to neuronal excitotoxicity. J Cell Biol171: 1001–1012 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nutt JG and Wooten GF (2005) Clinical practice: diagnosis and initial management of Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med353: 1021–1027 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Forno LS et al. (1992) Astrocytes and Parkinson's disease. Prog Brain Res94: 429–436 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Damier P et al. (1993) Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience52: 1–6 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wakabayashi K et al. (2000) NACP/α-synuclein-positive filamentous inclusions in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of Parkinson's disease brains. Acta Neuropathol (Berl)99: 14–20 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Teismann P and Schulz JB (2004) Cellular pathology of Parkinson's disease: astrocytes, microglia and inflammation. Cell Tissue Res318: 149–161 Article Google Scholar
Saura J et al. (2003) Intranigral infusion of interleukin-1beta activates astrocytes and protects from subsequent 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity. J Neurochem85: 651–661 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Heales SJ et al. (2004) Neurodegeneration or neuroprotection: the pivotal role of astrocytes. Neurochem Res29: 513–519 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Maragakis NJ and Rothstein JD (2004) Glutamate transporters: animal models to neurologic disease. Neurobiol Dis15: 461–473 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Brenner M et al. (2001) Mutations in GFAP, encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, are associated with Alexander disease. Nat Genet27: 117–120 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Li R et al. (2005) Glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations in infantile, juvenile, and adult forms of Alexander disease. Ann Neurol57: 310–326 Article Google Scholar
Rothstein JD et al. (2005) Beta-lactam antibiotics offer neuroprotection by increasing glutamate transporter expression. Nature433: 73–77 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Watanabe M et al. (2001) Histological evidence of protein aggregation in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neural tissues. Neurobiol Dis8: 933–941 ArticleCAS Google Scholar