Changing the paradigm from 'race' to human genome variation (original) (raw)
References
Bamshad, M., Wooding, S., Salisbury, B.A. & Stephens, J.C. Deconstructing the relationship between genetics and race. Nat. Rev. Genet.5, 598–609 (2004). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Burchard, E.G. et al. The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. N. Engl. J. Med.248, 117–1075 (2003). Google Scholar
Cooper, R.S., Kaufman, J.S. & Ward, R. Race and genomics. N. Engl. J. Med.348, 1166–1170 (2003). Article Google Scholar
Foster, M.W. & Sharp, R.R. Race, ethnicity, and genomics: Social classifications as proxies of biological heterogeneity. Genome Res.12, 844–850 (2002). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Frank, R. The misuse of biology in demographic research on racial/ethnic differences: a reply to Van Den Oord and Rowe. Demography38, 563–567 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Goodman, A.H. Why genes don't count for racial differences in health. Am. J. Public Health90, 1699–1702 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Phimister, E.G. Medicine and the racial divide. N. Engl. J. Med.348, 1081–1082 (2003). Article Google Scholar
Kittles, R.A. & Weiss, K.M. Race, ancestry, and genes: implications for defining disease risk. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet.4, 33–67 (2003). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (University of Chicago Press, 1962). Google Scholar
Barbujani, G., Magagni, A., Minch, E. & Cavalli-Sforza, L. An apportionment of human DNA diversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA94, 4516–4519 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. et al. Genetic structure of human populations. Science298, 2381–2385 (2002). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jorde, L.B. et al. The distribution of human genetic diversity: a comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal, and Y-chromosome data. Am. J. Hum. Genet.66, 979–988 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bamshad, M.J. et al. Human population genetic structure and inference of group membership. Am. J. Hum. Genet.72, 578–589 (2003). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Livingstone, F.B. On the non-existence of Human Races. Curr. Anthropol.3, 279–281 (1958). Article Google Scholar
Wiercinski, A. & Bielicki, T. The racial analysis of human populations in relation to their ethnogenesis. Curr. Anthropol.3, 29–46 (1962). Article Google Scholar
Nash, M. Race and the ideology of race. Curr. Anthropol.3, 285–288 (1962). Article Google Scholar
Newman, M.T. Geographic and microgeographic races. Curr. Anthropol.4, 189–207 (1963). Article Google Scholar
Gates, R.R. Racial genetics: a new branch of anthropology. Curr. Anthropol.4, 208–209 (1963). Article Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, T., Montagu, A. & Coon, C.S. Two views of Coon's origin of races with comments by Coon and replies. Curr. Anthropol.4, 360–367 (1963). Article Google Scholar
Brace, C.L. On the race concept. Curr. Anthropol.5, 313–320 (1964). Article Google Scholar
Edmonson, M.S. A measurement of relative racial difference. Curr. Anthropol.6, 167–180, 181–198 (1965). Article Google Scholar
Cooper, R. A note on the biologic concept of race and its application in epidemiologic research. Am. Heart J.108, 715–723 (1984). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Smedley, A. Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview 2nd edn. (Westview, Boulder, Colorado, 1999). Google Scholar
Duster, T. Backdoor to Eugenics 2nd edn. (Routledge, New York, New York, 2003). Google Scholar
Ellison, G.T.H. & Jones, I.R. Social identities and the 'new genetics': Scientific and social consequences. Critical Public Health12, 265–282 (2002). Article Google Scholar
Tishkoff, S.A. & Verrelli, B.C. Patterns of human genetic diversity: implications for human evolutionary history and disease. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet.4, 293–340 (2003). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tishkoff, S.A. & Williams, S.M. Genetic analysis of African populations: human evolution and complex disease. Nat. Rev. Genet.3, 611–621 (2002). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Citrin, T. & Modell, S. Genomics and public health: Ethical, legal, and social issues. in Genomics and Population Health: United States 2003 (eds. Gwinn, M., Bedrosian, S., Ottman, D. and Khoury, M.) (Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention, Center for Disease Control, 2003). Google Scholar
Lee, S.S., Mountain, J. & Koenig, B.A. The meanings of “race” in the new genomics: implications for health disparities research. Yale J. Health Policy Law Ethics1, 33–75 (2001). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Dunston, G.M. & Royal, C.D.M. The human genome: implications for the health of African Americans. in The Praeger Handbook of Black American Health: Policies and Issues Behind Disparities in Health vol. 2, 2nd edn. (ed. Livingston, I.L.) 757–775 (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004). Google Scholar