Different routes of bacterial infection induce long-lived TH1 memory cells and short-lived TH17 cells (original) (raw)

• Jenkins, M.K. et al. In vivo activation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19, 23–45 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ahmed, R. & Gray, D. Immunological memory and protective immunity: understanding their relation. Science 272, 54–60 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sallusto, F., Lenig, D., Forster, R., Lipp, M. & Lanzavecchia, A. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 401, 708–712 (1999).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Masopust, D., Vezys, V., Marzo, A.L. & Lefrancois, L. Preferential localization of effector memory cells in nonlymphoid tissue. Science 291, 2413–2417 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Reinhardt, R.L., Khoruts, A., Merica, R., Zell, T. & Jenkins, M.K. Visualizing the generation of memory CD4 T cells in the whole body. Nature 410, 101–105 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Seder, R.A. & Ahmed, R. Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation. Nat. Immunol. 4, 835–842 (2003).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zhou, L., Chong, M.M. & Littman, D.R. Plasticity of CD4+ T cell lineage differentiation. Immunity 30, 646–655 (2009).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Reiner, S.L. & Locksley, R.M. The regulation of immunity to Leishmania major. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 151–177 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Swain, S.L., Hu, H. & Huston, G. Class II-independent generation of CD4 memory T cells from effectors. Science 286, 1381–1383 (1999).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Lohning, M. et al. Long-lived virus-reactive memory T cells generated from purified cytokine-secreting T helper type 1 and type 2 effectors. J. Exp. Med. 205, 53–61 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Li, J., Huston, G. & Swain, S.L. IL-7 promotes the transition of CD4 effectors to persistent memory cells. J. Exp. Med. 198, 1807–1815 (2003).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hataye, J., Moon, J.J., Khoruts, A., Reilly, C. & Jenkins, M.K. Naive and memory CD4+ T cell survival controlled by clonal abundance. Science 312, 114–116 (2006).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Marzo, A.L. et al. Initial T cell frequency dictates memory CD8+ T cell lineage commitment. Nat. Immunol. 6, 793–799 (2005).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Badovinac, V.P., Haring, J.S. & Harty, J.T. Initial T cell receptor transgenic cell precursor frequency dictates critical aspects of the CD8+ T cell response to infection. Immunity 26, 827–841 (2007).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rees, W. et al. An inverse relationship between T cell receptor affinity and antigen dose during CD4+ T cell responses in vivo and in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 9781–9786 (1999).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Moon, J.J. et al. Naive CD4+ T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude. Immunity 27, 203–213 (2007).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ertelt, J.M. et al. Selective priming and expansion of antigen-specific Foxp3− CD4+ T cells during Listeria monocytogenes infection. J. Immunol. 182, 3032–3038 (2009).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Muller, W.J. et al. Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing an immunodominant peptide fails to protect after intravaginal challenge with herpes simplex virus-2. Arch. Virol. 153, 1165–1169 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Portnoy, D.A., Auerbuch, V. & Glomski, I.J. The cell biology of Listeria monocytogenes infection: the intersection of bacterial pathogenesis and cell-mediated immunity. J. Cell Biol. 158, 409–414 (2002).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Moon, J.J. et al. Tracking epitope-specific T cells. Nat. Protoc. 4, 565–581 (2009).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kaech, S.M., Hemby, S., Kersh, E. & Ahmed, R. Molecular and functional profiling of memory CD8 T cell differentiation. Cell 111, 837–851 (2002).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Khoruts, A., Mondino, A., Pape, K.A., Reiner, S.L. & Jenkins, M.K. A natural immunological adjuvant enhances T cell clonal expansion through a CD28-dependent, interleukin (IL)-2-independent mechanism. J. Exp. Med. 187, 225–236 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Pape, K.A., Merica, R., Mondino, A., Khoruts, A. & Jenkins, M.K. Direct evidence that functionally impaired CD4+ T cells persist in vivo following induction of peripheral tolerance. J. Immunol. 160, 4719–4729 (1998).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Szabo, S.J. et al. A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment. Cell 100, 655–669 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ivanov, I.I. et al. The orphan nuclear receptor RORγt directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells. Cell 126, 1121–1133 (2006).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Woolard, M.D., Hensley, L.L., Kawula, T.H. & Frelinger, J.A. Respiratory Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain infection induces Th17 cells and prostaglandin E2, which inhibits generation of γ interferon-positive T cells. Infect. Immun. 76, 2651–2659 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z., Clarke, T.B. & Weiser, J.N. Cellular effectors mediating Th17-dependent clearance of pneumococcal colonization in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 119, 1899–1909 (2009).
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Park, H.S. et al. Primary induction of CD4 T cell responses in nasal associated lymphoid tissue during group A streptococcal infection. Eur. J. Immunol. 34, 2843–2853 (2004).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hikono, H. et al. Activation phenotype, rather than central- or effector-memory phenotype, predicts the recall efficacy of memory CD8+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1625–1636 (2007).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Snyder, C.M. et al. Memory inflation during chronic viral infection is maintained by continuous production of short-lived, functional T cells. Immunity 29, 650–659 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hendriks, J. et al. CD27 is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity. Nat. Immunol. 1, 433–440 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hendriks, J., Xiao, Y. & Borst, J. CD27 promotes survival of activated T cells and complements CD28 in generation and establishment of the effector T cell pool. J. Exp. Med. 198, 1369–1380 (2003).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Dolfi, D.V. et al. Late signals from CD27 prevent Fas-dependent apoptosis of primary CD8+ T cells. J. Immunol. 180, 2912–2921 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rubinstein, M.P. et al. Converting IL-15 to a superagonist by binding to soluble IL-15Rα. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 9166–9171 (2006).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tokoyoda, K. et al. Professional memory CD4+ T lymphocytes preferentially reside and rest in the bone marrow. Immunity 30, 721–730 (2009).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Weaver, C.T., Harrington, L.E., Mangan, P.R., Gavrieli, M. & Murphy, K.M. Th17: an effector CD4 T cell lineage with regulatory T cell ties. Immunity 24, 677–688 (2006).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Korn, T., Bettelli, E., Oukka, M. & Kuchroo, V.K. IL-17 and Th17 cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 485–517 (2009).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sato, A. et al. CD11b+ Peyer's patch dendritic cells secrete IL-6 and induce IgA secretion from naive B cells. J. Immunol. 171, 3684–3690 (2003).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kelsall, B. Recent progress in understanding the phenotype and function of intestinal dendritic cells and macrophages. Mucosal Immunol. 1, 460–469 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Reis e Sousa, C. et al. In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areas. J. Exp. Med. 186, 1819–1829 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hsieh, C.S., Heimberger, A.B., Gold, J.S. & O'Garra, A. Development of TH1 CD4+ T cells through IL-12 produced by _Listeria_-induced macrophages. Science 260, 547–549 (1992).
  Article Google Scholar
• Homann, D., Teyton, L. & Oldstone, M.B. Differential regulation of antiviral T-cell immunity results in stable CD8+ but declining CD4+ T-cell memory. Nat. Med. 7, 913–919 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Monack, D.M., Mueller, A. & Falkow, S. Persistent bacterial infections: the interface of the pathogen and the host immune system. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2, 747–765 (2004).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Surh, C.D. & Sprent, J. Homeostasis of naive and memory T cells. Immunity 29, 848–862 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Allam, A. et al. The CD8+ memory T-cell state of readiness is actively maintained and reversible. Blood 114, 2121–2130 (2009).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kraus, Z.J., Haring, J.S. & Bishop, G.A. TNF receptor-associated factor 5 is required for optimal T cell expansion and survival in response to infection. J. Immunol. 181, 7800–7809 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Intlekofer, A.M. et al. Effector and memory CD8+ T cell fate coupled by T-bet and eomesodermin. Nat. Immunol. 6, 1236–1244 (2005).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Joshi, N.S. et al. Inflammation directs memory precursor and short-lived effector CD8+ T cell fates via the graded expression of T-bet transcription factor. Immunity 27, 281–295 (2007).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Soares, H. et al. A subset of dendritic cells induces CD4+ T cells to produce IFN-γ by an IL-12-independent but CD70-dependent mechanism in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1095–1106 (2007).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Keller, A.M., Schildknecht, A., Xiao, Y., van den Broek, M. & Borst, J. Expression of costimulatory ligand CD70 on steady-state dendritic cells breaks CD8+ T cell tolerance and permits effective immunity. Immunity 29, 934–946 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• van Oosterwijk, M.F. et al. CD27–CD70 interactions sensitise naive CD4+ T cells for IL-12-induced Th1 cell development. Int. Immunol. 19, 713–718 (2007).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Yang, X.O. et al. T helper 17 lineage differentiation is programmed by orphan nuclear receptors RORα and RORγ. Immunity 28, 29–39 (2008).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ribot, J.C. et al. CD27 is a thymic determinant of the balance between interferon-γ- and interleukin 17-producing γδ T cell subsets. Nat. Immunol. 10, 427–436 (2009).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Lu, Y.J. et al. Interleukin-17A mediates acquired immunity to pneumococcal colonization. PLoS Pathog. 4, e1000159 (2008).
  Article Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, N., Hotomi, M. & Billal, D.S. Clinical bacteriology and immunology in acute otitis media in children. J. Infect. Chemother. 14, 180–187 (2008).
  Article Google Scholar
• Stoklasek, T.A., Schluns, K.S. & Lefrancois, L. Combined IL-15/IL-15Ralpha immunotherapy maximizes IL-15 activity in vivo. J. Immunol. 177, 6072–6080 (2006).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Boggs, D.R. The total marrow mass of the mouse: a simplified method of measurement. Am. J. Hematol. 16, 277–286 (1984).
  Article CAS Google Scholar