- Shortman, K. & Liu, Y.J. Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypes. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 151–161 (2002).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Pulendran, B. Modulating vaccine responses with dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors. Immunol. Rev. 199, 227–250 (2004).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Wu, L. & Liu, Y.J. Development of dendritic-cell lineages. Immunity 26, 741–750 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Palucka, A.K., Ueno, H., Fay, J.W. & Banchereau, J. Taming cancer by inducing immunity via dendritic cells. Immunol. Rev. 220, 129–150 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Steinman, R.M. & Banchereau, J. Taking dendritic cells into medicine. Nature 449, 419–426 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Steinman, R.M., Hawiger, D. & Nussenzweig, M.C. Tolerogenic dendritic cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 685–711 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Pasare, C. & Medzhitov, R. Toll-like receptors and acquired immunity. Semin. Immunol. 16, 23–26 (2004).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Takeda, K., Kaisho, T. & Akira, S. Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 335–376 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Van Kooyk, Y. & Geijtenbeek, T.B. DC-SIGN: escape mechanism for pathogens. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3, 697–709 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Brown, G.D. & Gordon, S. Immune recognition. A new receptor for β-glucans. Nature 413, 36–37 (2001).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Brown, G.D. et al. Dectin-1 is a major β-glucan receptor on macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 196, 407–412 (2002).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Underhill, D.M. et al. The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens. Nature 401, 811–815 (1999).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Gantner, B.N., Simmons, R.M., Canavera, S.J, Akira, S. & Underhill, D.M. Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1107–1117 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Underhill, D.M. Collaboration between the innate immune receptors dectin-1, TLRs and Nods. Immunol. Rev. 219, 75–87 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Brown, G.D. et al. Dectin-1 mediates the biological effects of β-glucans. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1119–1124 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Rogers, N.C. et al. Syk-dependent cytokine induction by Dectin-1 reveals a novel pattern recognition pathway for C type lectins. Immunity 22, 507–517 (2005).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Slack, E.C. et al. Syk-dependent ERK activation regulates IL-2 and IL-10 production by DC stimulated with zymosan. Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 1600–1612 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dillon, S. et al. Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and immunological tolerance. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 916–928 (2006).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Veldhoen, M., Hocking, R.J., Atkins, C.J., Locksley, R.M. & Stockinger, B. TGFβ in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17–producing T cells. Immunity 24, 179–189 (2006).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Zhou, L. et al. TGF-β–induced Foxp3 inhibits TH17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORγt function. Nature 453, 236–240 (2008).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dong, C. TH17 cells in development: an updated view of their molecular identity and genetic programming. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8, 337–348 (2008).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Yoshitomi, H. et al. A role for fungal β-glucans and their receptor Dectin-1 in the induction of autoimmune arthritis in genetically susceptible mice. J. Exp. Med. 201, 949–960 (2005).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- LeibundGut-Landmann, S. et al. Syk- and CARD9-dependent coupling of innate immunity to the induction of T helper cells that produce interleukin 17. Nat. Immunol. 8, 630–638 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Veldhoen, M., Hocking, R.J., Flavell, R.A. & Stockinger, B. Signals mediated by transforming growth factor-β initiate autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but chronic inflammation is needed to sustain disease. Nat. Immunol. 7, 1151–1156 (2006).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Sun, C.M. et al. Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1775–1785 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Iwata, M. et al. Retinoic acid imprints gut-homing specificity on T cells. Immunity 21, 527–538 (2004).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Denning, T.L., Wang, Y.C., Patel, S.R., Williams, I.R. & Pulendran, B. Lamina propria macrophages and dendritic cells differentially induce regulatory and interleukin 17–producing T cell responses. Nat. Immunol. 8, 1086–1094 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Coombes, J.L. et al. A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-β and retinoic acid–dependent mechanism. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1757–1764 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Benson, M.J., Pino-Lagos, K., Rosemblatt, M. & Noelle, R.J. All-trans retinoic acid mediates enhanced T reg cell growth, differentiation, and gut homing in the face of high levels of co-stimulation. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1765–1774 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Mucida, D. et al. Reciprocal TH17 and regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by retinoic acid. Science 317, 256–260 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Cao, W. et al. Toll-like receptor–mediated induction of type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells requires the rapamycin-sensitive PI3K-mTOR-p70S6K pathway. Nat. Immunol. 9, 1157–1164 (2008).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Singh, M., Chakrapani, A. & O' Hagan, D. Nanoparticles and microparticles as vaccine-delivery systems. Expert Rev. Vaccines 6, 797–808 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Mora, J.R. et al. Generation of gut-homing IgA-secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells. Science 314, 1157–1160 (2006).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Johansson-Lindbom, B. & Agace, W.W. Generation of gut-homing T cells and their localization to the small intestinal mucosa. Immunol. Rev. 215, 226–242 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Zapata-Gonzalez, F. et al. 9-_cis_-Retinoic acid (9cRA), a retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand, exerts immunosuppressive effects on dendritic cells by RXR-dependent activation: inhibition of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ blocks some of the 9cRA activities, and precludes them to mature phenotype development. J. Immunol. 178, 6130–6139 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Saurer, L., McCullough, K.C. & Summerfield, A. In vitro induction of mucosa-type dendritic cells by all-trans retinoic acid. J. Immunol. 179, 3504–3514 (2007).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Geissmann, F. et al. Retinoids regulate survival and antigen presentation by immature dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 198, 623–634 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Tao, Y., Yang, Y. & Wang, W. Effect of all-_trans_-retinoic acid on the differentiation, maturation and functions of dendritic cells derived from cord blood monocytes. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 47, 444–450 (2006).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Bastien, J. & Rochette-Egly, C. Nuclear retinoid receptors and the transcription of retinoid-target genes. Gene 328, 1–16 (2004).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- de The, H., Vivanco-Ruiz, M.M., Tiollais, P., Stunnenberg, H. & Dejean, A. Identification of a retinoic acid responsive element in the retinoic acid receptor β gene. Nature 343, 177–180 (1990).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Duester, G., Shean, M.L., McBride, M.S. & Stewart, M.J. Retinoic acid response element in the human alcohol dehydrogenase gene ADH3: implications for regulation of retinoic acid synthesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 1638–1646 (1991).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Leroy, P., Nakshatri, H. & Chambon, P. Mouse retinoic acid receptor α 2 isoform is transcribed from a promoter that contains a retinoic acid response element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10138–10142 (1991).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Szatmari, I. et al. PPARγ controls CD1d expression by turning on retinoic acid synthesis in developing human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 203, 2351–2362 (2006).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Manicassamy, S. & Pulendran, B. Retinoic acid–dependent regulation of immune responses by dendritic cells and macrophages. Semin. Immunol. 21, 22–27 (2009).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Kubo, M., Hanada, T. & Yoshimura, A. Suppressors of cytokine signaling and immunity. Nat. Immunol. 4, 1169–1176 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Shouda, T. et al. Induction of the cytokine signal regulator SOCS3/CIS3 as a therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 1781–1788 (2001).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dalpke, A.H., Opper, S., Zimmermann, S. & Heeg, K. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and SOCS-3 are induced by CpG-DNA and modulate cytokine responses in APCs. J. Immunol. 166, 7082–7089 (2001).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Agrawal, S. et al. Cutting edge: different Toll-like receptor agonists instruct dendritic cells to induce distinct TH responses via differential modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase–mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Fos. J. Immunol. 171, 4984–4989 (2003).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dillon, S. et al. A Toll-like receptor 2 ligand stimulates TH2 responses in vivo, via induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Fos in dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 172, 4733–4743 (2004).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Gerosa, F. et al. Differential regulation of interleukin 12 and interleukin 23 production in human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 205, 1447–1461 (2008).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Napolitani, G., Rinaldi, A., Bertoni, F., Sallusto, F. & Lanzavecchia, A. Selected Toll-like receptor agonist combinations synergistically trigger a T helper type 1–polarizing program in dendritic cells. Nat. Immunol. 6, 769–776 (2005).
Article CAS Google Scholar