The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients' recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T–lymphocyte response (original) (raw)
References
Penna, A. et al. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize an HLA-A2 restricted epitope within the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen. J. Exp. Med.174, 1565–1570 (1991). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bertoletti, A. et al. HLA class I-restricted human cytotoxic T cells recognize endogenously synthesized hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA88, 10445–10449 (1991). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Missale, G. et al. HLA-A31 and Aw68 restricted cytotoxic T cell responses to a single hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid epitope during acute viral hepatitis. J. Exp. Med.177, 751–762 (1993). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rehermann, B. et al. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to multiple hepatitis B virus polymerase epitopes during and after acute viral hepatitis. J. Exp. Med.181, 1047–1058 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Michalak, T.I., Pasquinelli, C., Guilhot, S. & Chisari, F.V. Hepatitis B virus persistence after recovery from acute viral hepatitis. J. Clin. Invest.93, 230–239 (1994). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Rehermann, B., Lau, D., Hoofnagle, J. & Chisari, F.V. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responsiveness after resolution of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Clin. Invest.97, 1655–1665 (1996). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Nayersina, R. et al. HLA A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to multiple hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes during hepatitis B virus infection. J. Immunol.150, 4659–4671 (1993). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Scotto, J. et al. Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum by a simple spot hybridization technique: Comparison with results for other viral markers. Hepatology3, 279–284 (1983). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bonino, F. et al. Hepatitis B virus DNA in the sera of HBs Ag carriers: A marker of active hepatitis B virus replication in the liver. Hepatology1, 386–391 (1981). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mandel, T.E., Phipps, R.P., Abbot, A. & Tew, J.G. The follicular dendritic cell: Long term antigen retention during immunity. Immunol. Rev.53, 29–57 (1980). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tew, J.G., Kosko, M.H., Burton, G.F. & Szakal, A.K. Follicular dendritic cells as accessory cells. Immunol. Rev.117, 185–211 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lau, L.L., Jamieson, B.D., Somasundaram, T. & Ahmed, R. Cytotoxic T cell memory without antigen. Nature369, 648–652 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Oehen, S., Waldner, H.P., Kündig, T., Hengartner, H. & Zinkernagel, R.M. Antivirally protective cytotoxic T cell memory to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is governed by persisting antigen. J. Exp. Med.176, 1273–1281 (1992). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Muellbacher, A. The long-term maintenance of cytotoxic T cell memory does not require persistence of antigen. J. Exp. Med.179, 317–321 (1994). Article Google Scholar
Hou, S., Hyland, L., Ryan, K.W., Portner, A. & Doherty, P.C. Virus-specific CD8+ T-cell memory determined by clonal burst size. Nature369, 652–654 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Demkowicz, W.E. Jr., Littaua, R.A., Wang, J. & Ennis, F.A. Human cytotoxic T-cell memory: Long-lived responses to vaccinia virus. J. Virol.70, 2627–2631 (1996). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Martin, B.A., Rowe, J.M., Kouides, P.A. & DiPersio, J.F. Hepatitis B reactivation following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: Case report and review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplant.15, 145–148 (1995). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Mclvor, C. et al. Fatal reactivation of precore mutant hepatitis B virus associated with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis after bone marrow transplantation. Ann. Intern. Med.121, 274–276 (1994). Article Google Scholar
Chazouilleres, O. et al. “Occult” hepatitis B virus as source of infection in liver transplant recipients. Lancet343, 142–146 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Preisler-Adams, S., Schlayer, H.-J., Peters, T., Hettler, F., Gerok, W. & Rasenack, J. Identification and sequence analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA in immunologically-negative infection. Arch. Virol.133, 385–396 (1993). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Thiers, V. et al. Transmission of hepatitis B from hepatitis B-seronegative subjects. Lancetii, 1273–1276 (1988). Article Google Scholar
Wachs, M.E. et al. The risk of transmission of hepatitis B from HBsAg(−), HBcAb(+), HBIgM(−) organ donors. Transplantation59, 230–234 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pasek, M. et al. Hepatitis B virus genes and their expression in E. coli . Nature282, 575–579 (1979). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chakrabarti, S., Brechling, K. & Moss, B. Vaccinia virus expression vector: Coexpression of beta-galactosidase provides visual screening of recombinant plaques. Mol. Cell. Biol.5, 3403–3409 (1985). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Schlicht, H.J. & Schaller, H. The secretory core protein of human hepatitis B virus is expressed on the cell surface. J. Virol.63, 5399–5404 (1989). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Guilhot, S. et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific cytolytic T cell response in humans: Production of target cells by stable expression of HBV-encoded proteins in immortalized human B cell lines. J. Virol.66, 2670–2678 (1992). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Fazekas, S. & Groth, S.T. The evaluation of limiting dilution assays. J. Immunol. Methods49, R11–R23 (1982). Article Google Scholar
Madsen, M. & Johnson, H.E. A methodological study of E-rosette formation using AET-treated sheep erythrocytes. J. Immunol. Methods27, 61–74 (1979). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gilles, P.N., Fey, G. & Chisari, F.V. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha negatively regulates hepatitis B virus gene expression in transgenic mice. J. Virol.66, 3955–3960 (1992). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar