Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system (original) (raw)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Achievements in public health, 1900–1999. Tobacco use — United States, 1900–1999. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.48, 986–993 (1999).
Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General CDC Publication No. 89-8411 (US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC, 1989).
The Health Consequences of Smoking: Cancer. A Report of the Surgeon General (US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC, 1982).
Doll, R. & Peto, R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ2, 1525–1536 (1976). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Obeid, P. & Bercy, P. Effects of cigarette smoking on periodontal health: a review. Adv. Ther.17, 230–237 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nuorti, J. P. et al. Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. Active bacterial core surveillance team. N. Engl. J. Med.342, 681–689 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gold, R. Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.13, 515–525 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Saag, K. G. et al. Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis severity. Ann. Rheum. Dis.56, 463–469 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nagai, S., Hoshino, Y., Hayashi, M. & Ito, I. Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med.6, 415–419 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kirk, J. K., Spangler, J. G. & Celestino, F. S. Prevalence of osteoporosis risk factors and treatment among women aged 50 years and older. Pharmacotherapy20, 405–409 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mishra, G. D., Dobson, A. J. & Schofield, M. J. Cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms and miscarriage among young women. Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health24, 413–420 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Seltzer, V. Smoking and women's health. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet.70, 159–163 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Burns, D. N. et al. Cigarette smoking, premature rupture of membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1 among women with low CD4+ levels. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr7, 718–726 (1994). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Tobacco Use Among US Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups — African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Report of the Surgeon General (US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC, 1998).
Smith, S. S. & Fiore, M. C. The epidemiology of tobacco use, dependence and cessation in the United States. Prim. Care26, 433–461 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bartecchi, C. E., MacKenzie, T. D. & Schrier, R. W. The global tobacco epidemic. Sci. Am.272, 44–51 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jaakkola, M. S. & Jaakkola, J. J. K. Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Eur. Respir. J.10, 2384–2397 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders Monograph No. 4, Publication No. 93-3605 (US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 1993).
Witschi, H., Load, J. P. & Pinkerton, K. E. The toxicology of environmental tobacco smoke. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.37, 29–52 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mantel, N. Dubious evidence of heart and cancer deaths due to passive smoking. J. Clin. Epidemiol.45, 809–813 (1992). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Adlkofer, F. Lung cancer due to passive smoking — a review. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health.74, 231–241 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tashkin, D. P. et al. The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease. VII. Relationship between parental smoking and children's lung function. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.129, 891–897 (1984). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Holberg, C. J. et al. Child day care, smoking by caregivers and lower respiratory tract illness in the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics91, 885–892 (1993). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sherrill, D. L. et al. Longitudinal effects of passive smoking on pulmonary function in New Zealand children. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.145, 1136–1141 (1992). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sopori, M. L., Goud, N. S., & Kaplan, A. M. in Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology (eds Dean, J. H. et al.) 413–433 (Raven, New York, 1994). Google Scholar
Fratiglioni, L. & Wang, H. X. Smoking and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease: review of the epidemiological studies. Behav. Brain Res.113, 117–120 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Manthorpe, R. et al. Lower frequency of focal lip sialadenitis (focus score) in smoking patients. Can tobacco diminish the salivary gland involvement as judged by histological examination and anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies in Sjogren's syndrome? Ann. Rheum. Dis.59, 54–60 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Holt, P. G. & Keast, D. Environmentally induced changes in immunological function: acute and chronic effects of inhalation of tobacco smoke and other atmospheric contaminants in man and experimental animals. Bacteriol. Rev.41, 205–216 (1977). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Holt, P. G. Immune and inflammatory function in cigarette smokers. Thorax42, 241–249 (1987). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sopori, M. L. & Kozak, W. Mechanisms and effects of immunomodulation by cigarette smoke. J. Neuroimmunol.81, 138–146 (1998) Article Google Scholar
Reynolds, H. Y. Bronchoalveolar lavage. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.135, 250–263 (1987). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Martin, R. R. & Warr, G. A. Cigarette smoking and pulmonary macrophages. Hosp. Prac.12, 97–104 (1977). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
King, T. E. Jr, Savici, D. & Campbell, P. A. Phagocytosis and killing of Listeria monocytogenes by alveolar macrophages: smokers versus nonsmokers. J. Infect. Dis.158, 1309–1316 (1988). Article Google Scholar
McCrea, K. A. et al. Altered cytokine regulation in the lungs of cigarette smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.150, 696–703 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Beutler, B. The complex regulation and biology of TNF (cachectin). Oncogenesis2, 9–18 (1990). CAS Google Scholar
Thomas, W. R., Holt, P. G. & Keast, D. Cigarette smoke and phagocyte function: effect of chronic exposure in vivo and acute exposure in vitro. Infect Immun20, 468–475 (1978). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Ferson, M., Edwards, A., Lind, A., Milton, G. W. & Hersey, P. Low natural-killer-cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects. Int. J. Cancer23, 603–609 (1979). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dalbey, W. E., Nettesheim, P., Griesemer, R., Caton, J. E. & Guerin, M. R. Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke by F344 rats. J. Natl Cancer Inst.64, 383–390 (1980). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Finklea, J. F., Sandifer, S. H. & Smith, D. D. Cigarette smoking and epidemic influenza. Am. J. Epidemiol.90, 390–399 (1969). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kark, J. D., Lebiush, M. & Rannon, L. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for epidemic A(H1N1) influenza in young men. N. Engl. J. Med.307, 1042–1046 (1982). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mathews, J. D., Whittingham, S., Hooper, B. M., Mackay, I. R. & Stenhouse, N. S. Association of autoantibodies with smoking, cardiovascular morbidity and death in the Busselton population. Lancet2, 754–758 (1973). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Masdottir, B. et al. Smoking, rheumatoid factor isotypes and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology39, 1202–1205 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tollerud, D. J. et al. T-cell subsets in healthy black smokers and non-smokers: evidence for ethnic group as an important response modifier. Am Rev Respir Dis144, 612–616 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Seymour, B. W. P., Pinkerton, K. E., Friebertshauser, K. E., Coffman, R. L. & Gershwin, L. J. Second-hand smoke is an adjuvant for T-helper-2 responses in a murine model of allergy. J. Immunol.159, 6169–6175 (1997). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Edwards, K., Braun, K. M., Evans, G., Sureka, A. O. & Fan, S. Mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke condensates suppress macrophage responsiveness to interferon-γ. Hum. Exp. Toxicol.18, 233–240 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Finkelstein, E. I., Nardini, M. & van der Vliet, A. Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by acrolein: a mechanism of tobacco-related lung disease? Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.281, L732–L739 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Holian, A. & Li, L. Acrolein: a respiratory toxin that suppresses pulmonary host defense. Rev. Environ. Health13, 99–108 (1998). PubMed Google Scholar
Rodriguez, J. W. et al. Maternal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene alters development of T lymphocytes in offspring. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol.21, 379–396 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Li, Q. et al. Inhibition of human T-lymphoblast proliferation by hydroquinone. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.139, 317–323 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sopori, M. L. in Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Opportunities (eds Aneric, S. P. & Brioni, J. D.) 197–209 (Wiley–Liss, New York, 1998). Google Scholar
Geng, Y., Savage, S. M., Razani-Boroujerdi, S. & Sopori, M. L. Effects of nicotine on the immune response. II. Chronic nicotine treatment induces T-cell anergy. J. Immunol.156, 2384–2390 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Guslandi, M. Long-term effects of a single course of nicotine treatment in acute ulcerative colitis: remission maintenance in a 12-month follow-up study. Int. J. Colorectal Dis.14, 261–262 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Suzuki, N., Wakisaka, S., Takeba, Y., Mihara, S. & Sakane, T. Effects of cigarette smoking on Fas/Fas-ligand expression of human lymphocytes. Cell. Immunol.192, 48–53 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kalra, R., Singh, S. P., Savage, S. M., Finch, G. L. & Sopori, M. L. Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune response: chronic exposure to cigarette smoke impairs antigen-mediated signaling in T cells and depletes IP3-sensitive calcium stores. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.293, 166–171 (2000). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sopori, M. L., Kozak, W., Savage, S. M., Geng, Y. & Kluger, M. J. Nicotine-induced modulation of T-cell function: implications for inflammation and infection. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.437, 279–289 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Matsunaga, K., Klein, T. W., Friedman, H. & Yamamoto, Y. Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in suppression of antimicrobial activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages to Legionella pneumophila infection by nicotine. J. Immunol.167, 6518–6524 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sopori, M. L. et al. Effect of nicotine on the immune system: possible regulation of immune responses by central and peripheral mechanisms. Psychoneuroendocrinology23, 189–204 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Blalock, J. E. The immune system: our sixth sense. Immunologist2, 8–15 (1994). CAS Google Scholar
Singh, S. P. et al. Acute and chronic nicotine exposures modulate the immune system through different pathways. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.164, 65–72 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bortik, M. M., Brooks, W. H. & Roszman, T. L. Modulation of T-cell proliferation by stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor. Cell. Immunol.148, 408–421 (1993). Article Google Scholar
Mills, C. M., Hill, S. A. & Marka, R. Transdermal nicotine suppresses cutaneous inflammation. Arch. Dermatol.133, 823–825 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Matri, S., Karoui, S. & Filali, A. Tobacco and inflammatory bowel disease. Tunis. Med.78, 693–698 (2000). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Socci, D. J. & Arendash, G. W. Chronic nicotine treatment prevents neuronal loss in neocortex resulting from nucleus basalis lesions in young adult and aged rats. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol.27, 285–305 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
White, H. K. & Levin, E. D. Four-week nicotine skin-patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology143, 158–165 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
McGehee, D. S., Heath, M. J. S., Gelber, S., Devay, P. & Role, L. W. Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors. Science269, 1692–1696 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Levin, E. D. & Simon, B. B. Nicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals. Psychopharmacology138, 217–230 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Eliakim, R. et al. Dual effects of chronic nicotine administration: augmentation of jejunitis and amelioration of colitis induced by iodoacetamide in rats. Int. J. Colorectal Dis.16, 14–21 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Benowitz, N. L. in Nicotine Safety and Toxicity (ed. Benowitz, N. L.) 185–194 (Oxford University Press, 1998). Google Scholar
Decker, M. W. & Meyer, M. D. Therapeutic potential of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists as novel analgesics. Biochem. Pharmacol.58, 917–923 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Felton, D. L., Felton, S. Y., Bellinger, D. L., Carson, S. L. & Ackerman, K. D. Noradrenergic sympathetic neuronal interactions with the immune system: structure and function. Immunol. Rev.100, 225–260 (1987). Article Google Scholar