Studying individual differences in human adolescent brain development (original) (raw)

References

  1. Larson, R. & Richards, M. H. Daily companionship in late childhood and early adolescence: changing developmental contexts. Child. Dev. 62, 284–300 (1991).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  2. O’Brien, S. F. & Bierman, K. L. Conceptions and perceived influence of peer groups: interviews with preadolescents and adolescents. Child. Dev. 59, 1360–1365 (1988).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  3. Harrell, A. W., Mercer, S. H. & DeRoisier, M. E. Improving the social-behavioral adjustment of adolescents: The effectiveness of a social skills group intervention. J. Child. Fam. Stud. 18, 378–387 (2009).
    Article Google Scholar
  4. Gorrese, A. & Ruggieri, R. Peer attachment and self-esteem: A meta-analytic review. Pers. Individ. Dif. 55, 559–568 (2013).
    Article Google Scholar
  5. Oldehinkel, A. J., Rosmalen, J. G. M., Veenstra, R., Dijkstra, J. K. & Ormel, J. Being admired or being liked: classroom social status and depressive problems in early adolescent girls and boys. J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol. 35, 417–427 (2007).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  6. Blakemore, S.-J. The social brain in adolescence. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 267–277 (2008).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  7. Blakemore, S.-J. & Mills, K. L. Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annu. Rev. Psychol. 65, 187–207 (2014).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  8. Chein, J., Albert, D., O’Brien, L., Uckert, K. & Steinberg, L. Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain’s reward circuitry. Dev. Sci. 14, F1–F10 (2011).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  9. Knoll, L. J., Magis-Weinberg, L., Speekenbrink, M. & Blakemore, S.-J. Social influence on risk perception during adolescence. Psychol. Sci. 26, 583–592 (2015).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  10. Knoll, L. J., Leung, J. T., Foulkes, L. & Blakemore, S.-J. Age-related differences in social influence on risk perception depend on the direction of influence. J. Adolesc. 60, 53–63 (2017).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  11. Wolf, L. K., Bazargani, N., Kilford, E. J., Dumontheil, I. & Blakemore, S.-J. The audience effect in adolescence depends on who’s looking over your shoulder. J. Adolesc. 43, 5–14 (2015).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  12. Masten, C. L. et al. Neural correlates of social exclusion during adolescence: understanding the distress of peer rejection. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 4, 143–157 (2009).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  13. Sebastian, C., Viding, E., Williams, K. D. & Blakemore, S.-J. Social brain development and the affective consequences of ostracism in adolescence. Brain Cogn. 72, 134–145 (2010).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  14. Dumontheil, I., Apperly, I. A. & Blakemore, S.-J. Online usage of theory of mind continues to develop in late adolescence. Dev. Sci. 13, 331–338 (2010).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  15. Dubois, J. & Adolphs, R. Building a science of individual differences from fMRI. Trends Cogn. Sci. 20, 425–443 (2016).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  16. Rohner, R. P. Toward a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology. J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 15, 111–138 (1984).
    Article Google Scholar
  17. Giedd, J. N. et al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 861–863 (1999).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  18. Tamnes, C. K. et al. Development of the cerebral cortex across adolescence: A multisample study of inter-related longitudinal changes in cortical volume, surface area, and thickness. J. Neurosci. 37, 3402–3412 (2017). This study analyzed longitudinal data from 388 individuals aged between 8 and 30 years from four large cohorts in three countries: the United States, the Netherlands and Norway (854 total scans). In all four groups, there were decreases in grey matter volume across the cortex throughout adolescence, with the largest decreases occurring in the prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortices.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  19. Vijayakumar, N. et al. Brain development during adolescence: A mixed-longitudinal investigation of cortical thickness, surface area, and volume. Hum. Brain Mapp. 37, 2027–2038 (2016).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  20. Mills, K. L. et al. Structural brain development between childhood and adulthood: Convergence across four longitudinal samples. Neuroimage 141, 273–281 (2016).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  21. Gilmore, J. H. et al. Longitudinal development of cortical and subcortical gray matter from birth to 2 years. Cereb. Cortex 22, 2478–2485 (2012).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  22. Wierenga, L. et al. Typical development of basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum from age 7 to 24. Neuroimage 96, 67–72 (2014).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  23. Tamnes, C. K., Bos, M. G. N., van de Kamp, F. C., Peters, S. & Crone, E. A. Longitudinal development of hippocampal subregions from childhood to adulthood. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/186270 (2017). This paper assessed the structural development of subregions within the hippocampus. Data were from a large accelerated longitudinal study ( n = 270, 678 scans) of 8- to 28-year-olds. The study found heterogeneity of trajectories across region, with some showing early volume increases and others showing nonlinear decreases in volume.
  24. Mills, K. L., Goddings, A.-L., Clasen, L. S., Giedd, J. N. & Blakemore, S.-J. The developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation during adolescence. Dev. Neurosci. 36, 147–160 (2014).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  25. Somerville, L. H. Searching for signatures of brain maturity: What are we searching for? Neuron 92, 1164–1167 (2016).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  26. Crone, E. A., van Duijvenvoorde, A. C. K. & Peper, J. S. Annual Research Review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence–developmental changes and individual differences. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry 57, 353–368 (2016).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  27. Simmonds, D. J., Hallquist, M. N. & Luna, B. Protracted development of executive and mnemonic brain systems underlying working memory in adolescence: A longitudinal fMRI study. Neuroimage 157, 695–704 (2017).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  28. Crone, E. A. & Elzinga, B. M. Changing brains: how longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging studies can inform us about cognitive and social-affective growth trajectories. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci. 6, 53–63 (2015).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  29. Herting, M. M., Gautam, P., Chen, Z., Mezher, A. & Vetter, N. C. Test-retest reliability of longitudinal task-based fMRI: Implications for developmental studies. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.001 (2017).
  30. King, K.M. et al. Longitudinal modeling in developmental neuroimaging research: Common challenges, and solutions from developmental psychology. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.11.009 (2017). This provides an overview of issues involved in conducting longitudinal structural and functional studies to measure brain development across age. Suggested analytical approaches are demonstrated on simulated data, and the underlying code is available for other researchers to access.
  31. Sherman, L., Steinberg, L. & Chein, J. Connecting brain responsivity and real-world risk taking: Strengths and limitations of current methodological approaches. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.007 (2017).
  32. Ordaz, S. J., Foran, W., Velanova, K. & Luna, B. Longitudinal growth curves of brain function underlying inhibitory control through adolescence. J. Neurosci. 33, 18109–18124 (2013).
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  33. Hackman, D. A. & Farah, M. J. Socioeconomic status and the developing brain. Trends Cogn. Sci. 13, 65–73 (2009).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  34. Farah, M. J. The neuroscience of socioeconomic status: Correlates, causes, and consequences. Neuron 96, 56–71 (2017).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  35. Noble, K. G. et al. Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents. Nat. Neurosci. 18, 773–778 (2015). This cross-sectional study shows an association between SES and cortical surface area across age. Data were from a cohort of 1,099 individuals aged 3 to 20 years old. There was a significant interaction between SES, age and surface area, highlighting the importance of including SES in studies investigating the development of brain structure.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  36. Noble, K. G., Houston, S. M., Kan, E. & Sowell, E. R. Neural correlates of socioeconomic status in the developing human brain. Dev. Sci. 15, 516–527 (2012).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  37. Muscatell, K. A. et al. Social status modulates neural activity in the mentalizing network. Neuroimage 60, 1771–1777 (2012).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  38. Tompkins, V., Logan, J. A. R., Blosser, D. F. & Duffy, K. Child language and parent discipline mediate the relation between family income and false belief understanding. J. Exp. Child. Psychol. 158, 1–18 (2017).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  39. Symeonidou, I., Dumontheil, I., Chow, W.-Y. & Breheny, R. Development of online use of theory of mind during adolescence: An eye-tracking study. J. Exp. Child. Psychol. 149, 81–97 (2016).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  40. Mills, K. L., Dumontheil, I., Speekenbrink, M. & Blakemore, S.-J. Multitasking during social interactions in adolescence and early adulthood. R. Soc. Open. Sci. 2, 150117 (2015).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  41. Abrams, D., Weick, M., Thomas, D., Colbe, H. & Franklin, K. M. On-line ostracism affects children differently from adolescents and adults. Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 29, 110–123 (2011).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  42. Sebastian, C. L. et al. Developmental influences on the neural bases of responses to social rejection: implications of social neuroscience for education. Neuroimage 57, 686–694 (2011).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  43. Vijayakumar, N., Cheng, T. W. & Pfeifer, J. H. Neural correlates of social exclusion across ages: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional MRI studies. Neuroimage 153, 359–368 (2017).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  44. Cascio, C. N., O’Donnell, M. B., Simons-Morton, B. G., Bingham, C. R. & Falk, E. B. Cultural context moderates neural pathways to social influence. Cult. Brain 5, 50–70 (2017).
    Article Google Scholar
  45. Choudhury, S. Culturing the adolescent brain: what can neuroscience learn from anthropology? Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 5, 159–167 (2010).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  46. Steinberg, L. et al. Around the world, adolescence is a time of heightened sensation seeking and immature self-regulation. Dev. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12532 (2017).
  47. Duell, N. et al. Age patterns in risk taking across the world. J. Youth Adolesc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0752-y (2017).
  48. Miller, J. G. & Kinsbourne, M. Culture and neuroscience in developmental psychology: Contributions and challenges. Child. Dev. Perspect. 6, 35–41 (2012).
    Article Google Scholar
  49. Telzer, E. H., Masten, C. L., Berkman, E. T., Lieberman, M. D. & Fuligni, A. J. Gaining while giving: an fMRI study of the rewards of family assistance among white and Latino youth. Soc. Neurosci. 5, 508–518 (2010). This is one of the few fMRI studies to compare neural activity in adolescents of different cultures, in this case White and Latino Americans. When winning money for their families, Latino participants showed more activation in brain regions that have been implicated in reward processing. The paper demonstrates that individual differences in culture can be associated with different patterns of neural activity.
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  50. Telzer, E. H. & Fuligni, A. J. Daily family assistance and the psychological well-being of adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds. Dev. Psychol. 45, 1177–1189 (2009).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  51. Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V. & Lam, M. Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child. Dev. 70, 1030–1044 (1999).
    Article Google Scholar
  52. Telzer, E. H., Fuligni, A. J., Lieberman, M. D. & Galván, A. Meaningful family relationships: neurocognitive buffers of adolescent risk taking. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 25, 374–387 (2013).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  53. Steinberg, L. & Monahan, K. C. Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Dev. Psychol. 43, 1531–1543 (2007).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  54. Loke, A. Y. & Mak, Y. W. Family process and peer influences on substance use by adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 10, 3868–3885 (2013).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  55. D’Amico, E. J. & McCarthy, D. M. Escalation and initiation of younger adolescents’ substance use: the impact of perceived peer use. J. Adolesc. Health 39, 481–487 (2006).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  56. Unger, J. B. et al. Peer influences and access to cigarettes as correlates of adolescent smoking: a cross-cultural comparison of Wuhan, China, and California. Prev. Med. 34, 476–484 (2002).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  57. Headen, S. W., Bauman, K. E., Deane, G. D. & Koch, G. G. Are the correlates of cigarette smoking initiation different for black and white adolescents? Am. J. Public Health 81, 854–858 (1991).
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  58. Landrine, H., Richardson, J. L., Klonoff, E. A. & Flay, B. Cultural diversity in the predictors of adolescent cigarette smoking: the relative influence of peers. J. Behav. Med. 17, 331–346 (1994).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  59. Unger, J. B. et al. Ethnic variation in peer influences on adolescent smoking. Nicotine Tob. Res. 3, 167–176 (2001).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  60. Welborn, B. L. et al. Neural mechanisms of social influence in adolescence. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 11, 100–109 (2016).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  61. Lamblin, M., Murawski, C., Whittle, S. & Fornito, A. Social connectedness, mental health and the adolescent brain. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 80, 57–68 (2017).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  62. Arseneault, L., Bowes, L. & Shakoor, S. Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘much ado about nothing’? Psychol. Med. 40, 717–729 (2010).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  63. Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Angold, A. & Costello, E. J. Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry 70, 419–426 (2013).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  64. Takizawa, R., Maughan, B. & Arseneault, L. Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British birth cohort. Am. J. Psychiatry 171, 777–784 (2014).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  65. Singham, T. et al. Concurrent and longitudinal contribution of exposure to bullying in childhood to mental health: The role of vulnerability and resilience. JAMA Psychiatry 74, 1112–1119 (2017).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  66. van Harmelen, A.-L. et al. Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort. Psychol. Med. 47, 2312–2322 (2017).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  67. Will, G.-J., van Lier, P. A. C., Crone, E. A. & Güroğlu, B. Chronic childhood peer rejection is associated with heightened neural responses to social exclusion during adolescence. J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol. 44, 43–55 (2016).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  68. Telzer, E. H., Miernicki, M. E. & Rudolph, K. D. Chronic peer victimization heightens neural sensitivity to risk taking. Dev. Psychopathol. 10, 1–14 (2017). This fMRI study compared adolescents with a history of chronic peer victimization to those with no history of being victimized. The participants with a history of victimization took more risks in a risk-taking task and also showed heightened activation in a number of regions during the task, showing how individual differences in peer environment are associated with behavioral and neural differences.
    Google Scholar
  69. Falk, E. B. et al. Neural responses to exclusion predict susceptibility to social influence. J. Adolesc. Health 54(Suppl), S22–S31 (2014).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  70. Peake, S. J., Dishion, T. J., Stormshak, E. A., Moore, W. E. & Pfeifer, J. H. Risk-taking and social exclusion in adolescence: neural mechanisms underlying peer influences on decision-making. Neuroimage 82, 23–34 (2013).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  71. Rudolph, K. D., Miernicki, M. E., Troop-Gordon, W., Davis, M. M. & Telzer, E. H. Adding insult to injury: neural sensitivity to social exclusion is associated with internalizing symptoms in chronically peer-victimized girls. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 11, 829–842 (2016).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  72. Lansford, J. E., Criss, M. M., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A. & Bates, J. E. Friendship quality, peer group affiliation, and peer antisocial behavior as moderators of the link between negative parenting and adolescent externalizing behavior. J. Res. Adolesc. 13, 161–184 (2003).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  73. Telzer, E. H., Fuligni, A. J., Lieberman, M. D., Miernicki, M. E. & Galván, A. The quality of adolescents’ peer relationships modulates neural sensitivity to risk taking. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 10, 389–398 (2015).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  74. Schriber, R. A. & Guyer, A. E. Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 19, 1–18 (2016).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  75. Caouette, J. D. & Guyer, A. E. Gaining insight into adolescent vulnerability for social anxiety from developmental cognitive neuroscience. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 8, 65–76 (2014).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  76. Darling, N. & Steinberg, L. Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychol. Bull. 113, 487–496 (1993).
    Article Google Scholar
  77. Kerr, M., Stattin, H. & Özdemir, M. Perceived parenting style and adolescent adjustment: revisiting directions of effects and the role of parental knowledge. Dev. Psychol. 48, 1540–1553 (2012).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  78. Kim-Spoon, J., Maciejewski, D., Lee, J., Deater-Deckard, K. & King-Casas, B. Longitudinal associations among family environment, neural cognitive control, and social competence among adolescents. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 26, 69–76 (2017).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  79. Harper, J. M., Padilla-Walker, L. M. & Jensen, A. C. Do siblings matter independent of both parents and friends? Sympathy as a mediator between sibling relationship quality and adolescent outcomes. J. Res. Adolesc. 26, 101–114 (2016).
    Article Google Scholar
  80. Bonell, C. et al. Initiating change locally in bullying and aggression through the school environment (INCLUSIVE): a pilot randomised controlled trial. Health Technol. Assess. 19, 1–109, vii–viii (2015).
    Article Google Scholar
  81. Luengo Kanacri, B. P. et al. Longitudinal relations among positivity, perceived positive school climate, and prosocial behavior in Colombian adolescents. Child. Dev. 88, 1100–1114 (2017).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  82. Goddings, A.-L. et al. The influence of puberty on subcortical brain development. Neuroimage 88, 242–251 (2014).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  83. Herting, M. M. & Sowell, E. R. Puberty and structural brain development in humans. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 44, 122–137 (2017).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  84. Motta-Mena, N. V. & Scherf, K. S. Pubertal development shapes perception of complex facial expressions. Dev. Sci. 20, e12451 (2017).
    Article Google Scholar
  85. Craig, W. et al. A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. Int. J. Public Health 54(Suppl 2), 216–224 (2009).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  86. Tippett, N. & Wolke, D. Socioeconomic status and bullying: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Public Health 104, e48–e59 (2014).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  87. Williams, D. R., Priest, N. & Anderson, N. B. Understanding associations among race, socioeconomic status, and health: Patterns and prospects. Health Psychol. 35, 407–411 (2016).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  88. Shanahan, M. J. & Hofer, S. M. Social context in gene-environment interactions: retrospect and prospect. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 60, 65–76 (2005).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  89. Byrd, A. L. & Manuck, S. B. MAOA, childhood maltreatment, and antisocial behavior: meta-analysis of a gene-environment interaction. Biol. Psychiatry 75, 9–17 (2014).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  90. McCrory, E., De Brito, S. A. & Viding, E. Research review: the neurobiology and genetics of maltreatment and adversity. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry 51, 1079–1095 (2010).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  91. Knafo, A. & Jaffee, S. R. Gene-environment correlation in developmental psychopathology. Dev. Psychopathol. 25, 1–6 (2013).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  92. Kaufmann, T. et al. Delayed stabilization and individualization in connectome development are related to psychiatric disorders. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 513–515 (2017).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  93. Rosenberg, M. D. et al. A neuromarker of sustained attention from whole-brain functional connectivity. Nat. Neurosci. 19, 165–171 (2016).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  94. Van Essen, D. C. et al. The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: an overview. Neuroimage 80, 62–79 (2013).
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  95. Volkow, N. D. et al. The conception of the ABCD study: From substance use to a broad NIH collaboration. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.002 (2017).
  96. Madhyastha, T. et al. Current methods and limitations for longitudinal fMRI analysis across development. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.11.006 (2017).
  97. Mills, K. L. & Tamnes, C. K. Methods and considerations for longitudinal structural brain imaging analysis across development. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 9, 172–190 (2014).
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  98. Kievit, R.A. et al. Developmental cognitive neuroscience using Latent Change Score models: A tutorial and applications. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.11.007 (2017).
  99. Wierenga, L.M., Sexton, J.A., Laake, P., Giedd, J.N. & Tamnes, C.K. A key characteristic of sex differences in the developing brain: Greater variability in brain structure of boys than girls. Cereb. Cortex https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx154 (2017).

Download references