Obesity and impaired fibrinolysis: role of adipose production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (original) (raw)

• World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series, Geneva 894; 2000.
• Reaven GM . Role of insulin resistance in human disease (syndrome X): an expanded definition. Annu Rev Med 1993; 44: 121–131.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, Taskinen MR, Groop L . Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 683–689.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT . The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002; 288: 2709–2716.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Hamsten A, de Faire U, Walldius G, Dahlen G, Szamosi A, Landou C, Blomback M, Wiman B . Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma: risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Lancet 1987; 2: 3–9.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Juhan-Vague I, Pyke SD, Alessi MC, Jespersen J, Haverkate F, Thompson SG . Fibrinolytic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. ECAT Study Group. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities. Circulation 1996; 94: 2057–2063.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Thompson SG, Kienast J, Pyke SD, Haverkate F, van de Loo JC . Hemostatic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 635–641.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Loskutoff DJ, Samad F . The adipocyte and hemostatic balance in obesity: studies of PAI-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1–6.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kohler HP, Grant PJ . Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1792–1801.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Juhan-Vague I, Vague P, Alessi MC, Badier C, Valadier J, Aillaud MF, Atlan C . Relationships between plasma insulin triglyceride, body mass index, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Diab Metab 1987; 13: 331–336.
  CAS Google Scholar
• Landin K, Stigendal L, Eriksson E, Krotkiewski M, Risberg B, Tengborn L, Smith U . Abdominal obesity is associated with an impaired fibrinolytic activity and elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Metabolism 1990; 39: 1044–1048.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Potter van Loon BJ, Kluft C, Radder JK, Blankenstein MA, Meinders AE . The cardiovascular risk factor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 is related to insulin resistance. Metabolism 1993; 42: 945–949.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• McGill JB, Schneider DJ, Arfken CL, Lucore CL, Sobel BE . Factors responsible for impaired fibrinolysis in obese subjects and NIDDM patients. Diabetes 1994; 43: 104–109.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Giltay EJ, Elbers JM, Gooren LJ, Emeis JJ, Kooistra T, Asscheman H, Stehouwer CD . Visceral fat accumulation is an important determinant of PAI-1 levels in young, nonobese men and women: modulation by cross-sex hormone administration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1716–1722.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Janand-Delenne B, Chagnaud C, Raccah D, Alessi MC, Juhan-Vague I, Vague P . Visceral fat as a main determinant of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 level in women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 312–317.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Skurk T, Lee YM, Nicuta-Rolfs TO, Haastert B, Wirth A, Hauner H . Effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan on fibrinolysis in patients with mild hypertension. Diabetes Obes Metab 2004; 6: 56–62.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Sawdey MS, Loskutoff DJ . Regulation of murine type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in vivo. Tissue specificity and induction by lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 1346–1353.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Samad F, Yamamoto K, Loskutoff DJ . Distribution and regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in murine adipose tissue in vivo. Induction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 37–46.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Samad F, Uysal KT, Wiesbrock SM, Pandey M, Hotamisligil GS, Loskutoff DJ . Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a key component in the obesity-linked elevation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 6902–6907.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Alessi MC, Peiretti F, Morange P, Henry M, Nalbone G, Juhan-Vague I . Production of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by human adipose tissue: possible link between visceral fat accumulation and vascular disease. Diabetes 1997; 46: 860–867.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Eriksson P, Reynisdottir S, Lonnqvist F, Stemme V, Hamsten A, Arner P . Adipose tissue secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in non-obese and obese individuals. Diabetologia 1998; 41: 65–71.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Cigolini M, Tonoli M, Borgato L, Frigotto L, Manzato F, Zeminian S, Cardinale C, Camin M, Chiaramonte E, De Sandre G, Lunardi C . Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human adipose tissue: a role for TNF-alpha? Atherosclerosis 1999; 143: 81–90.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Crandall DL, Quinet EM, Morgan GA, Busler DE, McHendry-Rinde B, Kral JG . Synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by human preadipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3222–3227.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Gottschling-Zeller H, Birgel M, Rohrig K, Hauner H . Effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta 1 on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 secretion from subcutaneous and omental human fat cells in suspension culture. Metabolism 2000; 49: 666–671.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yudkin JS, Coppack SW, Bulmer K, Rawesh A, Mohamed-Ali V . Lack of evidence for secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Thromb Res 1999; 96: 1–9.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Morange PE, Alessi MC, Verdier M, Casanova D, Magalon G, Juhan-Vague I . PAI-1 produced ex vivo by human adipose tissue is relevant to PAI-1 blood level. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19: 1361–1365.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Takahashi M, Maeda K, Kotani K, Nakamura T, Yamashita S, Miura M, Fukuda Y, Takemura K, Tokunaga K, Matsuzawa Y . Enhanced expression of PAI-1 in visceral fat: possible contributor to vascular disease in obesity. Nat Med 1996; 2: 800–803.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Halleux CM, Declerck PJ, Tran SL, Detry R, Brichard SM . Hormonal control of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression and production in human adipose tissue: stimulation by glucocorticoids and inhibition by catecholamines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 4097–4105.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Eriksson P, van Harmelen V, Hoffstedt J, Lundquist P, Vidal H, Stemme V, Hamsten A, Arner P, Reynisdottir S . Regional variation in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in adipose tissue from obese individuals. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 545–548.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Mavri A, Alessi MC, Bastelica D, Geel-Georgelin O, Fina F, Sentocnik JT, Stegnar M, Juhan-Vague I . Subcutaneous abdominal, but not femoral fat expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is related to plasma PAI-1 levels and insulin resistance and decreases after weight loss. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 2025–2031.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Bastelica D, Morange P, Berthet B, Borghi H, Lacroix O, Grino M, Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC . Stromal cells are the main plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-producing cells in human fat: evidence of differences between visceral and subcutaneous deposits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 173–178.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Bastelica D, Mavri A, Verdierl M, Berthet B, Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC . Relationships between fibrinolytic and inflammatory parameters in human adipose tissue: strong contribution of TNFalpha receptors to PAI-1 levels. Thromb Haemost 2002; 88: 481–487.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Birgel M, Gottschling-Zeller H, Röhrig K, Hauner H . Role of cytokines in the regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and secretion in newly differentiated subcutaneous human adipocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 1682–1687.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Gesta S, Lolmede K, Daviaud D, Berlan M, Bouloumie A, Lafontan M, Valet P, Saulnier-Blache JS . Culture of human adipose tissue explants leads to profound alteration of adipocyte gene expression. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35: 158–163.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hube F, Hauner H . The role of TNF-alpha in human adipose tissue: prevention of weight gain at the expense of insulin resistance? Horm Metab Res 1999; 31: 626–631.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Alessi MC, Bastelica D, Morange P, Berthet B, Leduc I, Verdier M, Geel O, Juhan-Vague I . Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, transforming growth factor-beta1, and BMI are closely associated in human adipose tissue during morbid obesity. Diabetes 2000; 49: 1374–1380.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• van Harmelen V, Ariapart P, Hoffstedt J, Lundkvist I, Bringman S, Arner P . Increased adipose angiotensinogen gene expression in human obesity. Obes Res 2000; 8: 337–341.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• van Harmelen V, Elizalde M, Ariapart P, Bergstedt-Lindqvist S, Reynisdottir S, Hoffstedt J, Lundkvist I, Bringman S, Arner P . The association of human adipose angiotensinogen gene expression with abdominal fat distribution in obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 673–678.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Skurk T, Lee YM, Hauner H . Angiotensin II and its metabolites stimulate PAI-1 protein release from human adipocytes in primary culture. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1336–1340.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Schneider DJ, Sobel BE . Augmentation of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 by insulin and insulin-like growth factor type I: implications for vascular disease in hyperinsulinemic states. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 9959–9963.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Banfi C, Mussoni L, Ris P, Cattaneo MG, Vicentini L, Battaini F, Galli C, Tremoli E . Very low density lipoprotein-mediated signal transduction and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in cultured HepG2 cells. Circ Res 1999; 85: 208–217.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Mohamed-Ali V, Pinkney JH, Panahloo A, Cwyfan-Hughes S, Holly JM, Yudkin JS . Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in NIDDM: relationship with the insulin resistance syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1999; 50: 221–228.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Patrassi GM, Sartori MT, Rigotti P, Di Landro D, Theodoridis P, Fioretti M, Capalbo M, Saggiorato G, Boeri G, Girolami A . Reduced fibrinolytic potential one year after kidney transplantation. Relationship to long-term steroid treatment. Transplantation 1995; 59: 1416–1420.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Patrassi GM, Sartori MT, Livi U, Casonato A, Danesin C, Vettore S, Girolami A . Impairment of fibrinolytic potential in long-term steroid treatment after heart transplantation. Transplantation 1997; 64: 1610–1614.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Patrassi GM, Sartori MT, Viero ML, Scarano L, Boscaro M, Girolami A . The fibrinolytic potential in patients with Cushing's disease: a clue to their hypercoagulable state. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1992; 3: 789–793.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• van Zonneveld AJ, Curriden SA, Loskutoff DJ . Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene: functional analysis and glucocorticoid regulation of its promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 5525–5529.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Bujalska IJ, Walker EA, Tomlinson JW, Hewison M, Stewart PM . 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in differentiating omental human preadipocytes: from de-activation to generation of cortisol. Endocr Res 2002; 28: 449–461.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Gottschling-Zeller H, Aprath I, Skurk T, Hauner H . Beta-Adrenoceptor agonists and other cAMP elevating agents suppress PAI-1 production of human adipocytes in primary culture. Horm Metab Res 2000; 32: 509–514.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Chen YQ, Su M, Walia RR, Hao Q, Covington JW, Vaughan DE . Sp1 sites mediate activation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter by glucose in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 8225–8231.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Chautan M, Latron Y, Anfosso F, Alessi MC, Lafont H, Juhan-Vague I, Nalbone G . Phosphatidylinositol turnover during stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 secretion induced by oxidized low density lipoproteins in human endothelial cells. J Lipid Res 1993; 34: 101–110.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Calles-Escandon J, Mirza SA, Sobel BE, Schneider DJ . Induction of hyperinsulinemia combined with hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia increases plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in blood in normal human subjects. Diabetes 1998; 47: 290–293.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Uchida Y, Ohba KI, Yoshioka T, Irie K, Muraki T, Maru Y . Cellular carbonyl stress enhances the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in rat white adipocytes via reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2003; 279: 4075–4083.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Mertens I, Van Gaal LF . Obesity, haemostasis and the fibrinolytic system. Obes Rev 2002; 3: 85–101.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Sudi KM, Gallistl S, Trobinger M, Payerl D, Weinhandl G, Muntean W, Aigner R, Borkenstein MH . The influence of weight loss on fibrinolytic and metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14: 85–94.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Estelles A, Dalmau J, Falco C, Berbel O, Castello R, Espana F, Aznar J . Plasma PAI-1 levels in obese children—effect of weight loss and influence of PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G genotype. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86: 647–652.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rissanen P, Vahtera E, Krusius T, Uusitupa M, Rissanen A . Weight change and blood coagulability and fibrinolysis in healthy obese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 212–218.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lindahl B, Nilsson TK, Jansson JH, Asplund K, Hallmans G . Improved fibrinolysis by intense lifestyle intervention. A randomized trial in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. J Intern Med 1999; 246: 105–112.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, Fedi S, Cellai AP, Liotta AA, Gatteschi L, Giusti B, Colella A, Abbate R, Gensini GF . Evaluation of clotting and fibrinolytic activation after protracted physical exercise. Thromb Res 1998; 89: 73–78.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Gardner AW, Killewich LA . Association between physical activity and endogenous fibrinolysis in peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional study. Angiology 2002; 53: 367–374.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Estelles A, Aznar J, Tormo G, Sapena P, Tormo V, Espana F . Influence of a rehabilitation sports programme on the fibrinolytic activity of patients after myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 1989; 55: 203–212.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Bastard JP, Vidal H, Jardel C, Bruckert E, Robin D, Vallier P, Blondy P, Turpin G, Forest C, Hainque B . Subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene during very low calorie diet in obese subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 70–74.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fonseca VA, Reynolds T, Hemphill D, Randolph C, Wall J, Valiquet TR, Graveline J, Fink LM . Effect of troglitazone on fibrinolysis and activated coagulation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 1998; 12: 181–186.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kruszynska YT, Yu JG, Olefsky JM, Sobel BE . Effects of troglitazone on blood concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and in lean and obese normal subjects. Diabetes 2000; 49: 633–639.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Gottschling-Zeller H, Rohrig K, Hauner H . Troglitazone reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and secretion in cultured human adipocytes. Diabetologia 2000; 43: 377–383.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• He G, Pedersen SB, Bruun JM, Lihn AS, Richelsen B . Metformin, but not thiazolidinediones, inhibits plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production in human adipose tissue in vitro. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35: 18–23.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Nordt TK, Peter K, Bode C, Sobel BE . Differential regulation by troglitazone of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in human hepatic and vascular cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 1563–1568.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kato K, Satoh H, Endo Y, Yamada D, Midorikawa S, Sato W, Mizuno K, Fujita T, Tsukamoto K, Watanabe T . Thiazolidinediones down-regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 expression in human vascular endothelial cells: a possible role for PPARgamma in endothelial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 258: 431–435.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Charles MA, Morange P, Eschwege E, Andre P, Vague P, Juhan-Vague I . Effect of weight change and metformin on fibrinolysis and the von Willebrand factor in obese nondiabetic subjects: the BIGPRO1 Study. Biguanides and the Prevention of the Risk of Obesity. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1967–1972.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Nordt TK, Kornas K, Peter K, Fujii S, Sobel BE, Kubler W, Bode C . Attenuation by gemfibrozil of expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 induced by insulin and its precursors. Circulation 1997; 95: 677–683.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Seljeflot I, Moan A, Kjeldsen S, Sandvik E, Arnesen H . Effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade on fibrinolysis during acute hyperinsulinemia in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1996; 27: 1299–1304.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Erdem Y, Usalan C, Haznedaroglu IC, Altun B, Arici M, Yasavul U, Turgan C, Caglar S . Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor inhibition on impaired fibrinolysis in systemic hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12: 1071–1076.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Stefansson S, McMahon GA, Petitclerc E, Lawrence DA . Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in tumor growth, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Curr Pharm Des 2003; 9: 1545–1564.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Crandall DL, Busler DE, McHendry-Rinde B, Groeling TM, Kral JG . Autocrine regulation of human preadipocyte migration by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2609–2614.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar